Alternative Systems for Isolation Precautions

Extract

Category-specific isolation precautions is 1 of 2 isolation systems recommended by CDC. This system was the only one recommended in the first 2 editions of the CDC manual, Isolation Techniques for Use in Hospitals. Isolation categories are derived by grouping diseases for which similar isolation precautions are indicated. For diseases to be grouped into isolation categories, more isolation precautions must be required with some diseases than just those that are necessary to prevent transmission of those diseases. (Hospitals wishing to avoid overuse of isolation precautions may use the alternative isolation system, disease-specific isolation precautions.) Nevertheless, category-specific isolation precautions have advantages in that they are easier to administer and to teach personnel.

Seven isolation categories are used: Strict Isolation, Contact Isolation, Respiratory Isolation, Tuberculosis (AFB) Isolation, Enteric Precautions, Drainage/Secretion Precautions, and Blood/Body Fluid Precautions. The specifications for each category and the diseases and conditions included in the category are discussed below. (Additional information essential to understanding and properly using category-specific isolation precautions is contained in the preceding section, Techniques for Isolation Precautions, and in Table A, Category-Specific Isolation Precautions.)

Strict Isolation is an isolation category designed to prevent transmission of highly contagious or virulent infections that may be spread by both air and contact.

1. Private room is indicated; door should be kept closed. In general, patients infected with the same organism may share a room.

2. Masks are indicated for all persons entering the room.

3. Gowns are indicated for all persons entering the room.