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Rapid Antibacterial Activity of 2 Novel Hand Soaps: Evaluation of the Risk of Development of Bacterial Resistance to the Antibacterial Agents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Ingrid M. Geraldo ,
Allan Gilman ,
Milind S. Shintre  and
Shanta M. Modak
Ingrid M. Geraldo
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
Allan Gilman
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
Milind S. Shintre
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
Shanta M. Modak*
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
*
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Surgery, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 ([email protected].)
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Abstract

Objective.

To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of and risk of organisms developing resistance to 2 novel hand soaps: (1) a soap containing triclosan, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (TPB soap); and (2) a soap containing farnesol, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (FPB soap). Tests also included soaps containing only triclosan.

Design.

The risk of emergence of resistant bacterial mutants was investigated by determining the susceptibility changes after repeated exposure of bacteria to the drugs and soaps in vitro. The effectiveness of the soaps was evaluated using an in vitro tube dilution method, a volunteer method (the ASTM standard), and 2 pig skin methods.

Results.

The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of triclosan against Staphylococcus, aureus increased 8- to 62.5-fold, whereas those of TPB and FPB (both alone and in soap) were unchanged. In vitro, TPB and FPB soaps produced higher log10 reductions in colony-forming units of all tested organisms (4.95-8.58) than did soaps containing triclosan alone (0.29-4.86). In the test using the pig skin and volunteer methods, TPB soap produced a higher log10 reduction in colony-forming units (3.1-3.3) than did the soap containing triclosan alone (2.6-2.8).

Conclusion.

The results indicate that TPB and FPB soaps may provide superior rapid and broad-spectrum efficacy with a lower risk of organisms developing resistance than do soaps containing triclosan alone. Pig skin methods may be used to predict the efficacy of antibacterial soaps in the rapid disinfection of contaminated hands. Hand washing with TPB and FPB soaps by healthcare workers and the general population may reduce the transmission of pathogens, with a lower risk of promoting the emergence of resistant organisms.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 29 , Issue 8 , August 2008 , pp. 736 - 741
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2008

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