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Can Topical and Nonabsorbable Antimicrobials Prevent Cross-Transmission of Resistant Strains in ICUs?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Christian Brun-Buisson  and
Patrick Legrand
Christian Brun-Buisson*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Intensive Care, Hôpital Henri Mondor and Université Paris-XII, Créteil, France
Patrick Legrand
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology, Hôpital Henri Mondor and Université Paris-XII, Créteil, France
*
Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 Ave Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France
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Abstract

Topical antimicrobials may complement traditional infection control measures and hasten the control of an outbreak. When a suitable nonabsorbable antimicrobial regimen can be found, its use during outbreaks caused by Enterobacteriaceae colonizing the digestive tract appears especially attractive, whether the infection occurs via primary endogenous colonization or exogenous colonization. In the latter circumstance, however, topical antimicrobials are not a substitute for isolation precautions and careful handwashing, which remain insufficiently adhered to in ICUs. Topical antimicrobials should be used as part of a global strategy in which isolation precautions remain of primary importance. It is likely, but unproven by well-designed studies, that nasal decontamination of patient carriers during outbreaks due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be useful to control the outbreak. In this instance, however, skin and wound disinfection appears as an essential complementary measure, and careful attention should be given to extranasal sites of colonization with MRSA, where resistance to the topical agent can emerge. Whatever the circumstances and setting, prolonged use of topical antimicrobials during protracted outbreaks is less effective and carries a major risk of resistance to the topical agent(s) used against the outbreak strains. In such circumstances, careful microbiologic monitoring of colonization is mandatory.

Type
From the Third International Conference on the Prevention of Infection
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 15 , Issue 7 , July 1994 , pp. 447 - 455
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1994

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