Harvard Theological Review: Volume 49 -

The Sermon on the Mount and the School of Shammai
Jacob J. Rabinowitz
Published online by Cambridge University Press:

23 August 2011, p. 79
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It has been conjectured that παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας in Matthew 5:32, which reflects the view of the School of Shammai with respect to the permissibility of divorce, is an addition of the editor. It is perhaps not without significance in this connection that in the Sermon on the Mount there seems to be agreement with the view of the School of Shammai in another important respect, namely that an evil intention is tantamount to an evil act (Matthew 5:22, 28). In Mishnah, Baba Metzia 3:12, it is stated: “If one intends (חחךשב, literally, thinks) to convert a deposit to his own use, the School of Shammai says: He is liable (for its value in case it is lost or damaged). And the School of Hillel says: He is not liable until he has converted it.”

Harvard Theological Review