Authors must consider making public their data except in valid situations for ethical reasons. In accordance with the principles of open science, we ask that authors deposit their data in a publicly available repository. For authors of quantitative empirical articles, including simulations and experimental work, this comprises the data, code book or description of the variables included in the dataset, and specific code used to generate their results upon acceptance of the manuscript. For authors of qualitative empirical work – such as research based on interviews, participant observations or archival work – the same recommendation holds. However, we acknowledge that: (1) there are no clear standards of how qualitative data should be made public; and (2) some types of research do not lend themselves easily to data archiving and/or involve complex legal and ethical relationships with human subjects.
Research transparency