Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T19:15:42.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taking up space on earth: Theorizing territorial rights, the justification of states and immigration from a global standpoint

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2015

MATHIAS RISSE*
Affiliation:
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138

Abstract

The author’s 2012 book On Global Justice gives pride of place to the idea that humanity collectively owns the earth. Independently, there has been a flourishing literature on the justification of rights to territory. Central to this discussion are a Kantian and a Lockean approach. This paper recapitulates the author’s approach to humanity’s collective ownership of the earth and argues that, properly understood, both of those approaches should integrate the global standpoint constituted thereby. However, the goal here is not to amend the Kantian and Lockean approaches to territory, but to refute them. To that end the paper also argues that both approaches endorse an unacceptably strong view of the justifiability of states and should therefore be rejected. The view in On Global Justice emerges vindicated, according to which territorial rights, the justification of states and immigration all need to be theorized together, and need to be theorized from a genuinely global standpoint.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abizadeh, Arash. 2008. “Democratic Theory and Border Coercion: No Right to Unilaterally Control Your Own Borders.” Political Theory 36(1):3765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 1958. The Human Condition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Thomas. 1992. “The Territorial State.” In: Jurisprudence: Cambridge Essays, edited by Gross, H. and Harrison, R.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barclay, Harold. 1982. People without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy. London: Kahn and Averill.Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Blake, Michael. 2002. “Discretionary Immigration.” Philosophical Topics 30(2):273–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, Reinhard. 1995. “Vom Weltbürgerrecht.” In: Zum Ewigen Frieden, edited by Höffe, Otfried. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Brown, Alexander. 2009. Ronald Dworkin’s Theory of Equality: Domestic and Global Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, Allen. 1991. Secession. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen 1997. “Theories of Secession.” Philosophy and Public Affairs: 26(l):3161.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen 2004. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination. Moral Foundations for International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bull, Hedley. 1977. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Byrd, Sharon, and Hruschka, Joachim. 2010. Kant’s ‘Doctrine of Right’: A Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carens, Joseph. 1987. “Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders.” Review of Politics 49(2):251–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carens, Joseph 2013. The Ethics of Immigration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Charny, Israel, ed. 1999. Encyclopedia of Genocide. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar
Doyal, Len, and Gough, Ian. 1991. A Theory of Human Need. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert. 1994. The Civilizing Process: State Formation and Civilization. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Flikschuh, Katrin. 2000. Kant and Modern Political Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Flikschuh, Katrin 2008. “Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 36(4):375404.Google Scholar
Flikschuh, Katrin 2010. “Kant’s Sovereignty Dilemma: A Contemporary Analysis.” Journal of Political Philosophy 18(4):469–93.Google Scholar
Fortes, Meyer, and Evans-Pritchard, E. E., eds. 1940. African Political Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gans, Chaim. 2001. “Historical Rights: The Evaluation of Nationalist Claims to Sovereignty.” Political Theory 29:5879.Google Scholar
George, Henry. 1871. Our Land and Land Policy, National and State. San Francisco, CA: White and Bauer.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hart, Herbert L. A. 1982. Essay on Bentham. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Herbst, Jeffrey. 2000. States and Power in Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hobbes, Thomas. 1991. Leviathan, edited by Tuck, Richard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horton, Robin. 1985. “Stateless Societies in the History of West Africa.” In: History of West Africa, edited by Ajayi, J. F. A. and Crowder, Michael, ch 3. Burnt Mill: Longman.Google Scholar
James, Aaron. 2012. Fairness in Practice. A Social Contract for the Global Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kavka, Gregory. 1986. Hobbesian Moral and Political Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kersting, Wolfgang. 1984. Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie. Berlin: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleingeld, Avery. 2009. Land, Conflict, and Justice. A Political Theory of Territory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kleingeld, Pauline. 1998. “Kant’s Cosmopolitan Law: World Citizenship for a Global Order.” Kantian Review 2:7290.Google Scholar
Kleingeld, Pauline 2012. Kant and Cosmopolitanism. The Philosophical Ideal of World Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kren, George, and Rappoport, Leon. 1980. The Holocaust and the Crisis of Human Behavior. New York, NY: Holmes and Meyer.Google Scholar
Lewellen, Ted. 1992. Political Anthropology: An Introduction. London: Bergin and Garvey.Google Scholar
Locke, John. 1988. Two Treatises of Government, edited by Laslett., PeterCambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Meisels, Tamar. 2005. Territorial Rights. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 1995. On Nationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, David 2011. “Property and Territory: Locke, Kant, and Steiner.” Journal of Political Philosophy 19(1):90109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, David 2012. “Territorial Rights: Concept and Justification.” Political Studies 60(2):252–68.Google Scholar
Moore, Margaret. 2012. “Natural Resources, Territorial Right, and Global Distributive Justice.” Political Theory 40(1):84107.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher. 1998. An Essay on the Modern State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nine, Cara. 2008. “Superseding Historic Injustice and Territorial Rights.” Critical Review of Social and Political Philosophy 11(1):787.Google Scholar
Nine, Cara 2012. Global Justice and Territory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivecrona, Karl. 1974. “Locke’s Theory of Appropriation.” Philosophical Quarterly 24:220–34.Google Scholar
Passmore, John. 1974. Man’s Responsibility for Nature: Ecological Problems and Western Traditions. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Peden, Joseph. 1977. “Property Rights in Celtic Irish Law.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 1(2):8195.Google Scholar
Pennock, Roland, and Chapman, John, eds. 1978. Anarchism: Nomos XIX. New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven. 2012. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York, NY: Penguin.Google Scholar
Pogge, Thomas. 2002. World Poverty and Human Rights. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1999. The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Reiss, Hans. 1970. Kant: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ripstein, Arthur. 2009. Force and Freedom. Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Risse, Mathias. 2012. On Global Justice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Risse, Mathias 2013. “Review of Cara Nine, Global Justice and Territory.” Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 17 May <https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/40059-global-justice-and-territory/>..>Google Scholar
Risse, Mathias Forthcoming. “On the Significance of Humanity’s Collective Ownership of the Earth for Immigration.” Currently available as HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP14-009, February 2014.Google Scholar
Rothbard, Murray. 1996. For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto. San Francisco, CA: Fox and Wilkes.Google Scholar
Rummel, R. J. 1994. Death by Government. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Scott, James. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, James 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed. An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sidgwick, Henry. 2005. The Elements of Politics. London: Elibron Classics.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. John. 2001a. “On the Territorial Rights of States.” Philosophical Issues 11:300–26.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. John 2001b. Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, Quentin. 1989. “The State.” Ch 5 in Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, edited by Ball, T., Hanson, R., and Farr, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sreenivsan, Gopal. 1995. The Limits of Lockean Rights in Property. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Steiner, Hillel. 1996. “Territorial Justice.” In: National Rights, International Obligations, edited by Caney, Simon, George, David, and Jones, Peter, 139–49. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Stilz, Anna. 2009. “Why Do States Have Territorial Rights?International Theory 1(2):185213.Google Scholar
Stilz, Anna 2011. “Nations, States, and Territory.” Ethics 121(3):572601.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1990. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992. Cambridge: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tuck, Richard. 1999. The Rights of War and Peace. Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tully, James. 1993. An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Valdez, Inés. 2012. “Perpetual What? Injury, Sovereignty and a Cosmopolitan View of Immigration.” Political Studies 60(1):95114.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 1988. The Right to Private Property. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy 1993. “Special Ties and Natural Duties.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 22:330.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy 1992. “Superseding Historic Injustice.” Ethics 103:428.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael. 1970. Obligations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wellman, Christopher. 2005. A Theory of Secession: The Case for Political Self-Determination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wellman, Christopher 2008. “Immigration and Freedom of Association.” Ethics 119:109–41.Google Scholar
Winthrop, Robert. 1869. The Life and Letters of John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts-Bay Company at their Emigration to New England, 1630. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Wolff, Jonathan. 1996. “Anarchism and Skepticism.” In: For and Against the State: New Philosophical Readings, edited by Sanders, John and Narveson, Jan, 99119. London: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Ypi, Lea. 2014. “A Permissive Theory of Territorial Rights.” European Journal of Philosophy 22(2):288312.Google Scholar