Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T03:28:31.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physiochemical changes in sunberry (Physalis minima L.) fruit during growth and ripening

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2011

Prakash R. Patel ,
Neeta B. Gol  and
Tadapaneni V. Ramana Rao
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. Physalis minima is a widespread, quick-growing and high fruit-yielding annual herb belonging to the family Solanaceae. However, like many other underutilized fruit-bearing plants, P. minima is poorly studied and its nutritional potential is unknown. Since the edible sunberry is said to be a rich source of vitamin C, we studied the physiochemical changes during its fruit growth and ripening. Materials and methods. The changes in the physiochemical properties, such as pH, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, chlorophylls, carotenoids, carbohydrates (reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and starch), free amino acids, total proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, ethylene, and respiration and the activities of hydrolytic enzymes (amylase and invertase), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase), and cell wall-degrading enzymes (cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase), were analyzed in the fruit of sunberry at five sequential stages, viz., the young, premature, mature, preripe and ripe stages. Results and discussion. A gradual increase in the pH and total soluble solids occurred throughout the growth and ripening of sunberry fruit, while its titrable acidity increased up to the preripe stage and thereafter declined. A decreasing trend in the chlorophylls occurred simultaneously with an increase in the quantity of carotenoids. As the sunberry fruit proceeded towards ripening, the amount of its total starch decreased, with a concomitant sharp increase in the quantity of its reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars. An increase in the quantity of free amino acids, proteins and phenols also occurred during the growth and ripening of the fruit, and the quantity of ascorbic acid increased at the mature stage. Moreover, sunberry fruit also exhibits a climacteric behavior with increased ethylene production and rate of respiration. The specific activity of amylase increased throughout the growth period of sunberry, but that of invertase decreased after maturity until ripening. The catalase and peroxidase enzymes showed higher activity, indicating better radical scavenger properties, while cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase tended to remain at lower levels. Conclusion. The fruit of P. minima are nutritive and a rich source of sugars, starch, free amino acids, proteins, total phenols and ascorbic acid. They are metabolically active, showing a high specific activity of hydrolyzing and antioxidant enzymes, while the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes is relatively low, indicating a better postharvest storage life.

Keywords

IndiaPhysalis minimafruitgrowthripeningdevelopmental stagesphysicochemical propertiesIndePhysalis minimafruitcroissancemûrissagestade de développementpropriété physicochimiqueIndiaPhysalis minimafrutocrecimientomaderamientoetapas de desarrollopropiedades fisicoquímicas
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 37 - 46
Copyright
© 2011 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Sultana, N., Hassan, M.A., Begum, M., Sultana, M., Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) – A new angiospermic record for Bangladesh, Bangladesh J. Bot. 37 (2) (2008)195–198. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Sheikha A.F., Technological, chemical and microbiological studies on some packed foods, Fac. Agric., Minufiya Univ., Egypt, 2004.
Peter K.V., Fruit crops, New India Publ., New Delhi, India, 2007, 440 p.
Usher G., A dictionary of plants used by man, Constable & Co., Lond., U.K., 1974, 619 p.
Chopra R.N., Nayar S.L., Chopra I.C., Glossary of Indian medicinal plants (including the supplement), Council Sci. Ind. Res., New Delhi, India, 1986, 36 p.
Parmar C., Kaushal M.K., Wild fruits, Kalyani Publ., New Delhi, India, 1982, pp. 62-65.
Duke J.A., Ayensu E.S., Medicinal plants of China, Ref. publ., Mich., U.S.A., 1985, 518 p.
El Sheikha, A.F., Piombo, G., Goli, T., Montet, D., Main composition of Physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) fruit juice from Egypt, Fruits 65 (4) (2010) 255–265. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutierrez, M.S., Trinchero, G.D., Cerri, A.M., Vilella, F., Sozzi, G.O., Different responses of goldenberry fruit treated at four maturity stages with the ethylene antagonist 1 methylcyclopropene, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 48 (2009) 199–205. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon., Official methods of analysis, 16th ed., Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (AOAC), Va., U.S.A., 1994.
Wang, Z.F., Ying, T.J., Bao, B.L., Huang, X.D., Characteristics of fruit ripening in tomato mutant epi , J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. 6B (2005) 502–507. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.S., Use of dinitro salicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars, Anal. Chem. 31 (1959) 426–428. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thimmaiah S.K., Standard methods of biochemical analysis, Kalyani Publ., New Delhi, India, 1999, pp. 49–310.
Moore, S., Stein, W.H., Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids, J. Biol. Chem. 176 (1948) 367–388. Google ScholarPubMed
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1951) 265. Google ScholarPubMed
Bray, H.C., Thorpe, W., Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism, Meth. Biochem. Anal. 1 (1954) 27–52. Google ScholarPubMed
Anon., Official methods of analysis, 17th ed., Vitamins and other nutrients, chapter 45, Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (AOAC), Wash., D.C., U.S.A., 2000, pp. 16–20.
Teitel, D.C., Aharoni, Y., Barkai-Golan, R., The use of heat treatments to extend the shelf life of ‘Galia’ melons, J. Hortic. Sci. 64 (1989) 367–372. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devi P., Principles and methods in plant molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics, Agrobios, Jodhpur, India, 2001, pp. 31–72.
Mahadevan A., Sridhar R., Methods in physiological plant pathology, 3rd ed., Sivakami Publ., Chennai, India, 1986, pp. 65–66.
Mazumdar B.C., Majumder K., Methods on physico-chemical analysis of fruits, Daya Publ. House, Delhi, India, 2003, pp. 93–139.
Abu-Sarra, A.F., Abu-Goukh, A.A., Changes in pectinesterase, polygalacturonase and cellulase activity during mango fruit ripening, J. Hortic. Sci. 67 (4) (1992) 561–568. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zainon, M.A., Brady, C.J., Purification and characterization of polygalacturonase of tomato fruits, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 9 (1982) 155–169. Google Scholar
Hagerman, A.E., Austin, P.J., Continuous spectrophotometric assay for plant pectin methyl esterase, J. Agric. Food Chem. 34 (1986) 440–444. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliss C.I., Statistics in biology, statistical methods for research in the natural sciences, vol. 1, McGraw Hill Book Co., N.Y., U.S.A., 1967, 558 p.
Willis R.B.H., Mc Glasson W.B., Graham D., Lee T.H., Hall E.G., Postharvest - an introduction to the physiology and handling of fruit and vegetables, CBS Publ. Distrib., New Delhi, India, 1996, pp. 17–38.
Moneruzzaman, K.M., Hossain, A.B.M.S., Sani, W., Saifuddin, M., Effect of stages of maturity and ripening conditions on the biochemical characteristics of tomato, Am. J. Biochem. Biotech. 4 (4) (2008) 336–344. Google Scholar
Doreyappy-Gowda, I.N.D., Huddar, A.G., Effect of studies on ripening changes in mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits, J. Food Sci. 38 (2001) 135–137. Google Scholar
Tadesse, T., Hewett, E.W., Nichols, M.A., Fisher, K.J., Changes in physicochemical attributes of sweet pepper cv. Domino during fruit growth and development, Sci. Horticult. 93 (2002) 91–103. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker G.A., Introduction, in: Seymour G.B., Tayler J., Tucker G.A. (Eds.), Biochemistry of fruit ripening, Chapman & Hall, Lond., U.K., 1993, pp. 1–52.
Stanley J.K., Postharvest physiology of perishable plant products, CSB Publ. Distrib., New Delhi, India, 1998, pp. 143–256.
Srinivasa, P.C., Baskaran, R., Ramesh, M.N., Prashanth, K.V.H., Tharanathan, R.N., Storage studies of mango packed using biodegradable chitosan film, Eur. Food Res. Technol. 215 (2002) 504–508. Google Scholar
Kittur, F.S., Saroja, N., Habibunnisa Tharanathan R.N., Polysaccharide-based composite coating formulations for shelf-life extension of fresh banana and mango, Eur. Food Res. Technol. 213 (2001) 306–311. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudachikar, V.B., Kulkarni, S.G., Prakash, M.N.K., Vasantha, M.S., Prasad, B.A., Ramana, K.V.R., Physico-chemical changes during maturity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety Neelum, J. Food Sci. Technol. 38 (2001) 540–542. Google Scholar
Moneruzzaman, K.M., Hossain, A.B.M.S., Sani, W., Saifuddin, M., Alenazi, M., Effect of harvesting and storage conditions on the post harvest quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Roma VF, Aust. J. Crop Sci. 3 (2) (2009) 113–121. Google Scholar
Patel, P.R., Rao, T.V.R., Physiological changes in relation to growth and ripening of khirni [Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard] fruit, Fruits 64 (4) (2009) 139–146. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rana, V.S., Rana, N.S., Studies on fruit growth and organic metabolites in developing kiwifruit, Indian J. Plant Physiol. 8 (2003) 138–140. Google Scholar
Dalal, K.B., Salunkhe, A.A., Boe, Olsen L.E., Certain physiological and biochemical changes in developing tomato fruits, J Food Sci. 30 (1965) 504–508. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenkel, C., Klein, I., Dilley, D.R., Protein synthesis in relation to ripening of pome fruits, Plant Physiol. 43 (1968) 1146–1153. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hulme, A.C., Rhodes, M.C.J., Galliard, T., Wooltrotan, L.S.C., Metabolic changes in excised fruit tissue. IV. Changes occurring in discs of apple peel during the development of respiration climacteric, Plant Physiol. 43 (1968) 1154 –1161. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilley D.R., Hulme A.C., Enzymes, in: Hulme A.C. (Ed.), Biochemistry of fruits and their products, vol. 1, Acad. Press, Lond., U.K., 1970, pp. 159–178.
Macheix J.J., Fleuriet A., Billet J., Fruit phenolics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., U.S.A., 1990, pp. 24–31.
Kumar, S., Goswami, A.K., Phenol content and peroxidase system in developing apple fruits, Indian J. Hortic. 42 (1985) 184–188. Google Scholar
Nawaz, M.A., Ahmad, W., Ahmad, S., Khan, M. M., Role of growth regulators on preharvest fruit drop, yield and quality in Kinnow mandarin, Pak. J. Bot. 40 (5) (2008) 1971–1981. Google Scholar
Trinchero, G.D., Sozzi. G.O., Cerri A.M., Vilella F., Fraschina A.A., Ripening-related changes in ethylene production, respiration rate and cell-wall enzyme activity in goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.), solanaceous species, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 16 (1999) 139–145. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasil, O.G., Rossi, C., Changes in activity of some enzymes involved in banana ripening, Phyton 39 (1980) 99–105. Google Scholar
Rhodes, M.J.C., Wooltortem, L.S.C., The respiratory climacteric in apple fruit, Phytochem. 6 (1967) 1–12. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leopold A.C., Kriedemann P.E., Plant growth and development, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., N.Y., U.S.A., 1975, 545 p.
Selvaraj, Y., Changes in enzymes activity in ripening pineapple fruit, Indian. J. Hortic. 50 (4) (1993) 310–317. Google Scholar
Whiting G.C., Sugars, in: Hulme A.C. (Ed.), Biochemistry of fruits and their products, vol. 1, Acad. Press, Lond., U.K., 1970, pp. 1–16.
Hobson G.E., Factors in texture changes during fruit ripening, Proc. 2nd Aust. Postharvest Hortic. Conf. Gatton Coll., Univ. Qld., Aust., Lawes, Australia, 1993, pp. 405–408.