Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T20:11:09.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of mineral nutrients and freezing-thawing on peach susceptibility to bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

Tiesen Cao ,
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick ,
Kenneth A. Shackel  and
Theodore M. DeJong
Tiesen Cao*
Affiliation:
Dep. Agric. Food Nutr. Sci., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [email protected]
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, Davis, 95616, USA
Kenneth A. Shackel
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci./Pomol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Theodore M. DeJong
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci./Pomol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
*
∗Correspondence and reprints
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. Bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is a devastating disease of stone fruit worldwide. The effects of mineral nutrients and freezing-thawing on bacterial canker susceptibility were evaluated using potted peach trees in an attempt to understand predisposing factors in bacterial canker of stone fruit. Materials and methods. A split-plot experimental design with randomized complete block main plots (i.e., inoculations associated with freezing-thawing or nonfrozen pretreatments) and subplots of trees with the seven treatments (i.e., solutions deficient in N, P, K, Ca, Mg or Fe, respectively, and a full nutrient control) was adopted to study the effect of mineral deficiency and freezing-thawing on peach susceptibility to bacterial canker. Results and discussion. Phosphorus deficiency was the only treatment to significantly decrease lesion length that developed after inoculation with P. syringae pv. syringae, compared with the control trees that received full nutrients. Nitrogen and potassium deficiency treatments significantly decreased bark nitrogen and potassium concentrations accordingly, but had no clear effect on lesion sizes. Inoculation during freezing-thawing cycles significantly increased lesion length. In another independent experiment, nitrogen deficiency significantly increased the number of P. syringae pv. syringae leaf scar infections, but the subsequent infection was limited to a few millimeters. Nitrogen-deficient trees, which had higher [carbon / nitrogen] ratios, developed lesion sizes equivalent to trees provided with full nutrients. Collectively, these data suggest that, in the absence of other major predisposing factors (i.e., low soil pH or ring nematodes), mineral nutrients may play a minor role in the susceptibility of peach to bacterial canker.

Keywords

USAPrunus persicaplant diseasescankersPseudomonas syringaenutrient deficiencieslesionsÉtats-UnisPrunus persicamaladie des planteschancrePseudomonas syringaecarence en substance nutritivelésionEUAPrunus persicaenfermedades de las plantasnecrosis cancerosaPseudomonas syringaedeficiencias nutritivaslesiones
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 66 , Issue 6 , November 2011 , pp. 441 - 452
Copyright
© 2011 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Dowler, W.M., Weaver, D.J., Isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonads from apparently healthy peach trees, Phytopathology 65 (1975) 233–236. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennelly, M.M., Cazorla, F.M., de Vicente, A., Ramos, C., Sundin, G.W., Pseudomonas syringae diseases of fruit trees: Progress toward understanding and control, Plant Dis. 91 (2007) 4–17. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
English, H., DeVay, J.E., Lilleland, O., Davis, J.R., Effect of certain soil treatments on the development of bacterial canker in peach trees, Phytopathology 51 (1961) 65. Google Scholar
Melakeberhan, H., Jones, A.L., Sobiczewski, P., Bird, G.W., Factors associated with the decline of sweet cherry trees in Michigan: nematodes, bacterial canker, nutrition, soil pH, and winter injury, Plant Dis. 77 (1993) 266–271. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwick, S.M., Yeager, J.T., Weis, K.G., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Little, E.L., Westerdah, B.B., Relationship between nitrogen fertilization and bacterial canker in ‘French’ prune, HortScience 32 (1997) 520. Google Scholar
Klement, Z., Rozsnyay, D.S., Arsenijevic, M., Apoplexy of apricots. II. Relationship of winter frost and the bacterial canker and die-back of apricots, Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9 (1974) 35–46. Google Scholar
Weaver, D.J., Interaction of Pseudomonas syringae and freezing in bacterial canker on excised peach twigs, Phytopathology 68 (1978) 1460–1463. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Lownsbery, B.F., Moody, E.H., Ring nematodes increase development of bacterial cankers in plums, Phytopathology 65 (1975) 556–559. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lownsbery, B.F., English, H., Noel, G.R., Schick, F.J., Influence of Nemaguard and Lovell rootstocks and Macroposthonia xenoplax on bacterial canker of peach, J. Nematol. 9 (1977) 221–224. Google ScholarPubMed
Cao, T., Duncan, R.A., McKenry, M.V., Shackel, K.A., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., The interaction between nitrogen fertilized peach trees and the expression of syrB, a gene involved in syringomycin production in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Phytopathology 95 (2005) 581–586. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, T., McKenry, M.V., Duncan, R.A., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Shackel, K.A., Influence of ring nematode infestation and calcium, nitrogen, and indoleacetic acid applications on peach susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Phytopathology 96 (2006) 608–615. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weaver, D.J., Wehunt, E.J., Effect of soil pH on susceptibility of peach to Pseudomonas syringae, Phytopathology 65 (1975) 984–989. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayler, R.J., Kirkpatrick, B.C., The effect of copper sprays and fertilization on bacterial canker in ‘French’ prune, Can. J. Plant Pathol. 25 (2003) 406–410. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, F.H., Wormald, H., Bacterial canker of plum trees in relation to nutrition. Experimental results in sand cultures, Annu. Rep. East Malling Res. Stn. 1935, Sect. III (1936) 146–152. Google Scholar
Daniell, J.W., Chandler, W.A., The effect of iron on growth and bacterial canker susceptibility of peach seedlings, HortScience 11 (1976) 402–403. Google Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Bussi, C., Importance of water consumption on calcium content and protection of peaches predisposed to bacterial dieback by growing in acid soils, Acta Hortic. 254 (1989) 291–296. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Bussi, C., Influence of water availability and soil calcic amendment on susceptibility of apricot to bacterial canker, Acta Hortic. 384 (1993) 607–611. Google Scholar
Wilson, E.E., Factors affecting development of the bacterial canker of stone fruits, Hilgardia 12 (1939) 259–298. Google Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Berger, J.F., Bussi, C., La sensibilité du pêcher au dépérissement bactérien en France : incidence de certaines caractéristiques du sol et de l’irrigation. Relations avec la nutrition, Agronomie 7 (1987) 483–495. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spotts, R.A., Facteau, T.J., Cervantes, L.A., Chestnut, N.E., Incidence and control of Cytospora canker and bacterial canker in a young sweet cherry orchard in Oregon, Plant Dis. 74 (1990) 577–580. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underwood, T., Jaffee, B.A., Verdegaal, P., Norton, M.V.K., Asai, W.K., Muldoon, A.E., McKenry, M.V., Ferris, H., Effect of lime on Criconemella xenoplax and bacterial canker in two California orchards, J. Nematol. 26 (1994) 606–611. Google ScholarPubMed
Klement, Z., Rozsnyay, D.S., Báló, E., Pánczél, M., Prileszky, G., The effect of cold on development of bacterial canker in apricot trees infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 24 (1984) 237–246. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Ingress and spread of Pseudomonas in stems of peach and apricot promoted by frost-related water-soaking of tissues, Plant Dis. 73 (1989) 854–855. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigouroux A., Role of frost and stem water content on the development of bacterial canker in acclimated stone fruit trees, in: Rudolph K., Burr T.J., Mansfield J.W., Stead D., Vivan A., von Kietzell J. (Eds.), Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordr., Neth., 1997, pp. 97–102.
Cao, T., Sayler, R.J., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Bostock, R.M., Shackel, K.A., Influence of stem diameter, water content and freezing-thawing on bacterial canker development in excised stems of dormant stone fruit, Phytopathology 89 (1999) 962–966. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeVay, J.E., Lukezic, F.L., Sinden, S.L., English, H., Coplin, D.L., A biocide produced by pathogenic isolates of Pseudomonas syringae and its possible role in the bacterial canker disease of peach trees, Phytopathology 58 (1968) 95–101. Google Scholar
King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44 (1954) 301–307. Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, N., Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction, Nature 178 (1956) 703. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lelliott, R.A., Belling, E., Hayward, A.C., A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonads, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29 (1966) 470–489. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoagland, D.R., Arnon, D.I., The water culture method for growing plants without soil, Calif. Agric. Exp. Sta., Circulation 347 (1950) 1–32. Google Scholar
Pella, E., Elemental organic analysis. Part 1. Historical developments, Am. Lab. 22 (1990) 116–125. Google Scholar
Pella, E., Elemental organic analysis. Part 2. State of the art, Am. Lab. 22 (1990) 28–32. Google Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Bacterial canker of peach: Effect of tree winter water content on the spread of infection through frost-related water soaking in stems, J. Phytopathol. 147 (1999) 553–559. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosse, J.E., Bacterial canker of stone-fruits. II. Leaf scar infection of cherry, J. Hortic. Sci. 31 (1956) 212–224. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffland, E., van Beusichem, M.L., Jeger, M.J., Nitrogen availability and susceptibility of tomato leaves to Botrytis cinerea, Plant Soil 210 (1999) 263–272. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosse, J.E., The leaf scar as an avenue of infection for the cherry bacterial canker organism, Pseudomonas mors-prunorum Wormald, Nature 168 (1951) 560–561. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosse, J.E., Bacterial canker of stone-fruits. III. Inoculum concentration and time of inoculation in relation to leaf-scar infection of cherry, Ann. Appl. Biol. 45 (1957) 19–35. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J.R., English, H., Factors related to the development of bacterial canker in peach, Phytopathology 59 (1969) 588–595. Google Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Observations de contaminations tardives des plaies pétiolaires du pêcher par Pseudomonas mors-prunorum f. sp. persicae Prunier, Luisetti, Gardan, Ann. Phytopathol. 8 (1976) 111–115. Google Scholar