Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:20:44.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of pruning and chemical control on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera, Coccidae) in olives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

Yamna Ouguas  and
Mohamed Chemseddine
Yamna Ouguas
Affiliation:
Inst. Natl. Rech. Agron., BP 533, INRA, Marrakech Morocco
Mohamed Chemseddine
Affiliation:
Fac. Sci. Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
Get access

Abstract

Introduction In Morocco the olive growers rely totally on pesticides to control the black scale Saissetia oleae, although this technique has adverse effects on natural enemies, on product quality and on the environment. However, the pesticides are not used efficiently because of ignorance of the developmental cycle of the insect, and of the periods of vulnerable instar presence. We studied these two parameters. Next, we tested the efficacy of the pesticide and we studied the effect of pruning on the scales as an alternative to chemicals. Materials and methods The seasonal trend of the black scale was studied in two olive orchards near Essaouira, in the west of Morocco, during 2005 and 2006. One of these orchards was subject to chemical treatment in 2007, while two new orchards were selected to study the effect of pruning on the scales. The evolution of crawler and nymph density on different olive tree organs was followed in order to discover their preferences for these different organs. Results and discussion The seasonal trend study showed the presence of one generation of S. oleae per year and the tendency to colonise young organs rather than old ones. The optimum of mobile instar population coincided with the beginning and the end of July. On the organs of the chemically-treated samples, numbers of crawlers and nymphs were highly reduced. The results showed a small-scale infestation in pruned trees compared with the unpruned trees (control). Conclusion. Though the chemical control has good results, pruning remains very efficient and can help improve the control of the black scale populations without harming the environment

Keywords

MoroccoOlea europaeainsect controlSaissetia oleaepopulation dynamicschemical controlpruningMarocOlea europaealutte anti-insecteSaissetia oleaedynamique des populationslutte chimiquetailleMarruecosOlea europaeacontrol de insectosSaissetia oleaedinámica de poblacionescontrol químicopoda
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , May 2011 , pp. 225 - 234
Copyright
© 2011 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

De Lotto, G., On the black scales of southern Europ (Homoptera: Coccoidae: Coccidae), J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 39 (1976) 147–149. Google Scholar
Bibolini S., Contributo alla conoscenza delle cocciniglie dell’olivo: Saissetia oleae Bern. (Homoptera: Cocc.), Entomologica 1 (4) (1958) 95 p.
Argyriou, L.C., Studies on the morphology and biology of the black scale Saissetia oleae Bernard in Greece, Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. 5 (1963) 353–377. Google Scholar
Sekkat A., Saissetia oleae Bern. Cochenille noire de l’olivier (Homop., Lecanidae), Maladies et ravageurs des plantes cultivées au Maroc, Rabat, Maroc, 1976.
Elhormiti, M., Laraichi, M., Note sur la biologie de Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) dans la région de Moulay Idriss du Zerhoun, Al Awamia 57 (1979) 73–82. Google Scholar
Laraichi, M., Note sur Saissetia oleae (Olivier), Bull. Prot. Cult., 7 (1980) 11–14. Google Scholar
Hilal, A., Étude bioécologique de Saissetia oleae (Bern.) dans la région d’Ouazzane, Cah. Rech. Agron. 40 (1984) 56–66. Google Scholar
Belhamdounia S., Contribution à l’étude bio écologique des principaux ravageurs de l’olivier dans la plaine de Tadla, Fac. Sci. Semlalia, thèse, Marrakech, Maroc, 1993, 141 p.
Orphanides, G.M., Control of Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Cyprus through establishment of Metaphycus barletti and M. helvolus (Hym.: Encyrtidae), Entomophaga 38 (2) (1993) 235–239. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paparatti B., Lecanidae, Saissetia oleae Olivier, in: Arambourg Y., Traité d’entomologie oléicole, Cons. Oléic. Int., Juan Bravo (Ed.), Madrid, Espagne, 1986.
Dosba F., Khadari B., Intérêt pour le bassin méditerranéen de la certification des plants d’olivier : différentes étapes d’une mise en œuvre, in : Sémin. Int. Oléic. : Acquis de recherche et contraintes du secteur, 14–16 mars 2002, Marrakech, INRA-Maroc, Maroc, 2005.
Walali L.D.M., Multiplication de l’olivier et production de plants certifiés, in : Sémin. Int. Oléic.: Acquis de recherche et contraintes du secteur, 14–16 mars 2002, Marrakech, INRA-Maroc, Maroc, 2005.
BaMhamed, T., Chemseddine, M., Selective toxicity of some pesticides to Pullus mediterraneus Fabr. (Col., Coccinellidae), a predator of Saissetia oleae Bern. (Hom. Coccioidae), Agric. For. Entomol. 4 (2002) 173–178. Google Scholar
Ba Mhamed, T., Chemseddine, M., Assessment of temperature effects on development and fecundity of Pullus mediterraneus (Col., coccoidae), J. Appl. Entomol. 125 (2001) 527–531. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panis A., Modalités d’emploi des auxiliaires contre les cochenilles farineuses et lecanines, Bull. Techn. Inf. (BTI/Minist. Agric.) (1978) 332–333.
Panis A., Évaluation des pertes de récolte en oléiculture : exposé des méthodes utilisables pour la cochenille noire et la fumagine, Sous-réseau “ Protection Olivier ”, FAO, Rome, Italie, 1980.
Cozzi, G., Stornelli, C., Moretti, A., Logrieco, A., Porcelli, F., Field evaluation of Fusarium larvarum formulations in the biocontrol of Saissetia oleae on olive in Apulia, Acta Hortic. 586 (2001) 811–814. Google Scholar
Kennet, C.E., Occurrence of Metaphycus bartletti Annecke and Mynhardt, a South African parasite of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae; Homoptera: Coccidae), Pan- Pacif. Entomol. 56 (1980) 107–110. Google Scholar
Argov, Y., Rossler, Y., Biological control of the Mediterranean black scale, Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Israel, Entomophaga 38 (1) (1993) 89–100. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent C., Goettel M.S., Lazarovits G., Biological control: A global perspective, Cabi publ., Wallingford, UK, 2007.
Bailey, K.L., Boyetchkoa, S.M., Längleb, T., Social and economic drivers shaping the future of biological control: A Canadian perspective on the factors affecting the development and use of microbial bio pesticides, Aust. N. Z. Biocontrol Conf. 52 (3) (2009) 221–229. Google Scholar
Bedker, P.J., O’Brien, J.G., Mielke, M.E., Arboricultural pruning methodologies, Arborist News 3 (4) (1994) 33–38. Google Scholar
Daane, K.M., Caltagirone, L.E., Biological control in California olive orchards: cultural practices affect biological control of black scale, Calif. Agric, 43 (1989) 9–11. Google Scholar
Civantos, M., Développement de la lutte intégrée dans les oliveraies espagnoles, Olivae 59 (1995) 75–81. Google Scholar
Tena, A., Soto, A., Vercher, R., Garcia-Marí, F., Density and structure of Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) populations on citrus and olives: Relative importance of the two annual generations, Environ. Entomol. 36 (4) (2007) 700–706. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anon., Agriculture raisonnée : l’oléiculture française tournée vers la protection sanitaire raisonnée, Afidol (Assoc. Fr. Interprof. Olive), Olivae 86 (2001) 43–45.
Regis, S., Pour la santé de l’olivier : la lutte intégrée, une méthode plus écologique, Olivae 91 (2002) 45–51. Google Scholar
Saunyama, I.G.M., Knapp, M., Effect of pruning and trellising of tomatoes on red spider mite incidence and crop yield in Zimbabwe, Afr. Crop Sci. J. 11 (4) (2003) 269–277. Google Scholar
Liu, C.Z., Yan, L., Wei, L.X., Zhang, F., Qian, X.J., Effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa, J. Appl. Ecol. 19 (3) (2008) 691–694. Google Scholar
Onillon, J.C., Lutte biologique et intégrée dans les vergers de citrus en zone méditerranéenne, Biocontrol 33 (4) (1987) 481–494. Google Scholar
Pearce, S., Zalucki, M.P., Does the cutting of lucerne (Medicago sativa) encourage the movement of arthropod pests and predators into the adjacent crop? Aust. J. Entomol. 44 (3) (2005) 219–225. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaboussou, F., Sur le processus de multiplication des acariens au Maroc, Fruits 336 (1970) 1–4. Google Scholar
Daane, K.M., William, L.E., Manipulating vineyard irrigation amount to reduce insect pest damage, Ecol. Appl. 13 (6) (2003) 1650–1666. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, A., Chau, A., Heinz, M., Reducing fertilization for cut roses: Effect on crop productivity and twospotted spider mite abundance, distribution, and management, J. Econ. Entomol. 102 (5) (2009) 1896–1907. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Civantos, M., Développement de la lutte intégrée dans les oliveraies espagnoles, Olivae 59 (1995) 75–81. Google Scholar
Anon., Index phytosanitaire Maroc, Assoc. Maroc. Prot. Plantes (Ed.), Rabat, Maroc, 2009.