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Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) in West Africa: socio-economic aspects, host phenologyand implications for management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2014

Jean-François Vayssières ,
Antonio Sinzogan ,
Appolinaire Adandonon ,
Jean-Yves Rey ,
Elhadj Oumar Dieng ,
Koumandian Camara ,
Morodian Sangaré ,
Sylvain Ouedraogo ,
N’klo Hala  and
Adama Sidibé
...Show all authors
Jean-François Vayssières*
Affiliation:
CIRAD Persyst, UPR HortSys, 34398 Montpellier, France; IITA, Biol. Contr. Unit Afr., 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected]
Antonio Sinzogan
Affiliation:
FSA, Univ. Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Rep. Benin
Appolinaire Adandonon
Affiliation:
ENSTA - Kétou, Univ. Kétou, Kétou, Rep. Benin
Jean-Yves Rey
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys; ISRA, Dakar, Senegal
Elhadj Oumar Dieng
Affiliation:
DPV, Thiaroye, Dakar, Senegal
Koumandian Camara
Affiliation:
IRAG, Foulaya-Kindia, Guinea
Morodian Sangaré
Affiliation:
IRAG, Kankan, Guinea
Sylvain Ouedraogo
Affiliation:
INERA, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
N’klo Hala
Affiliation:
CNRA La Mé, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Adama Sidibé
Affiliation:
PCDA, Bamako, Mali
Youssouf Keita
Affiliation:
FSTTB, Univ. Bamako, Bamako, Mali
Guy Gogovor
Affiliation:
DPV, Lomé, Togo
Sam Korie
Affiliation:
IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ousmane Coulibaly
Affiliation:
IITA, Cotonou, Benin
Cinthia Kikissagbé
Affiliation:
IITA, Cotonou, Benin
Alliance Tossou
Affiliation:
IITA, Cotonou, Benin
Max Billah
Affiliation:
DABCS, Univ. Legon, Accra, Ghana
Koffi Biney
Affiliation:
MOAP-POB, Accra, Ghana
Oswald Nobime
Affiliation:
IITA, Cotonou, Benin
Paterne Diatta
Affiliation:
ISRA-CDH, Univ. Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
Robert N’Dépo
Affiliation:
UFR Biosciences, Univ. Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Moussa Noussourou
Affiliation:
IER, Baguineda, Bamako, Mali
Lanciné Traoré
Affiliation:
SPVDS, Foulaya-Kindia, Guinea
Symphorien Saizonou
Affiliation:
SPVCP, Porto-Novo, Benin
Manuele Tamo
Affiliation:
IITA, Cotonou, Benin
*
* Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. Losses in West African commercial mango orchards due to fruit fly infestations have exceeded 50% by the middle of the crop season since 2005, resulting in considerable income loss for the growers. Materials and methods. In 2009, weekly monitoring of adult fruit fly species of economic significance was carried out in eight West African countries at 12 sites across five agro-ecological zones: (i) Humid Forest, (ii) Guinean savanna, (iii) Southern Sudan, (iv) Northern Sudan, and (v) Sahelian. Trapping was performed using methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate in 288 Tephri-traps, targeting Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra. Results. The data showed that B. invadens was present throughout the year in the Forest zone, abundant for 7 months, with a peak in May at the end of the mango season, C. cosyra being totally absent. In the Guinean savanna zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6-7 months, with a peak at the beginning of June coinciding with the season, with a few C. cosyra. In the Southern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6 months, with a peak in mid-June during the season, C. cosyra peaking in April. In the Northern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 5 months, with a peak at the end of June at the end of the season, C. cosyra peaking in May. In the Sahelian zone, B. invadens was abundant for 4 months, peaking in August during the season, C. cosyra peaking just before. These preliminary results showed that the exotic species, B. invadens, was present at high levels [mean peak of 378 flies per trap per day (FTD)] in all agro-ecological zones, while the native species, C. cosyra, preferred the drier zones of West Africa, with lower population levels (mean peak of 77 FTD). Conclusion. Detection trapping of male flies with parapheromones is a useful indicator of field population levels and could be used to deploy control measures (IPM package) in a timely manner when the Economic Injury Level is reached. Control strategies for these quarantine mango fruit fly species are discussed with respect to agro-ecological zones and the phenological stages of the mango tree.

Keywords

West AfricaMangifera indicafruitsexportsBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyraagroclimatic zonesplant developmental stagesAfrique occidentaleMangifera indicafruitsexportationBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyrazone agroclimatiquestade de développement végétalÁfrica OccidentalMangifera indicafrutasexportacionesBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyrazonas agroclimáticasetapas de desarrollo de la planta
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 69 , Issue 3 , May 2014 , pp. 207 - 222
Copyright
© 2014 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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