The study examine a new view in personality disorders named Rap disorder. in the domain we compare the youngster with and without disorder. the Rap disorder people are known with unusual hair model, nihilistic and anarchistic thinking, unusual and bizzarre behavior, reading of meaningfulness poet and sings, doing immoral behavior against society norms and so on.

Method research is Causative -Comparative (Ex post facto). 200 youngster,100 with the disorder and 100 without the disorder, were randomly selected and Eysenc's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was administered on them.

Findings showed the Rap youngster are high in extroversion and emotional instability than normal youngster.

It is recommended that the appropriate behavior education specially moral and religious education can avoid tendency to this behavior disorder and reduce the bad effects of the behavior in society.

A review of available evidence indicate that crime features depend on many and variable factor. for example psychological, environmental, personality cal and so on. in psychology and psychiatry it seems personality plays important role in tendency to crime. So we aim to develop a personality profile for our crime sample. So we aim to develop a personality profile for our criminal sample.

38 male with history of crime and sent to jail were randomly selected and Eysence's Personality Questionnaire was administered on them. the questionnaire assesses personality on four dimension: Extroversion, Introversion, Neuroticism and lie detector.

Result showed the criminals have high score in Neuroticism and Extroversion and their profile shows critical situations that need treatment interventions.

It is recommended to plan psychiatric interventions to reduce level of Neuroticism in them and direct them to better and social behavior.

162 patients (only men) had been investigated. They are divided into two groups according to age and local war in which they had got taking part: first group - the participants of Afghanistan's war (84 men, middle age 46,3±1,38), and second one - the participants of local war in Chechnya (78 men, middle age 32,7±1,54).

We used Leonhard's questionnaire to reveal the character's accentuation and second edition of International headache classification to determine headache type.

It seems that 113 patients suffer from cephalgia. Another 49 was a control. During the investigation of headache syndrome structure we have shown that most often patients suffer from posttraumatic headache (PH) - 61 men, and tension-type of headache (TTH) - 33 men.

The number of men having got 18 and more in one or several scales of Leonhard's questionnaire is reliable more in the first group both for PH (85,7% and 69,2%) and TTH (85,7% and 68,9%). There were no differences between headache subgroups. But in patients from control group (without headache) the expression of personality changes did not increase during the age (69,6% in first group, 73,1% in second). So chronic pain may be a risk factor for decompensation of personality changes.

1. 1. Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.

2. 2. Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.

20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:

1. 1. Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personality Disorder.

2. 2. Obtain a measure of clinical impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness scale).

3. 3. Ascertain the presence of heritable personality traits (Dimensional Aspects of Personality Pathology Disorder-Basic Questionnaire).

4. 4. Exclude other major psychiatric disorders (Clinical Psychopathology Rating Scale).

They were administered National Adult Reading Test (NART) to estimate IQ.A battery of neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function specifically sensitive to frontal (dorsal or ventral) or temporal lobe damage were administered from Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test battery (CANTAB).

On Neuropsychological testing patients fared poorly on tests sensitive to planning and risk taking compared to controls. Patients had high mean scores on Barratt impulsiveness scale. the high scores were associated with performance on Tower of London, Bechara test and paired associated learning. Impulsivity was associated with anxiousness and rejection traits of DAPP-BQ. There was a co-relation between some basic dispositional traits of DAPP-BQ with performance on Bechara, Gambling and Paired Associated Learning tests.

Personality disordered patients show broad range of neurocognitive deficits on test s sensitive to frontal cortex.

The aim of this research is to test this question that are there specific personality characters that lead to addiction?

Method research is causative-comparative (Ex post facto). 153 addicted people and 153 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and MoKoly's Characterlogy Inventory (MCI) was administered on them.The inventory assess personality based on eight characters: sanguine, indifferent, nervous, indolent, indignant, passionate, sentimentee, amorphous.

Findings showed addicted people are much more indifferent, sanguine and passionate than nonaddicted people.

In regard to people with these characters are much more at risk, they should be trained with special plans and be cared so that tendency to addiction in them decrease or control.

To study the peculiarity of emotional and volitional spheres in preschool children with speech pathology.

250 children aged from 2 to 7 years old with speech pathology were examined. the following kinds of speech disorders were educed: impressive speech disorders - 9,2 %, expressive speech disorders - 31,2%, mixed speech disorders - 59,6 %. Due to the seriousness of the speech disorders the children were divided into 3 groups.

The educed disorders develop in the following psychopathological syndromes: neurotic, autism-like, hyperdynamic. in 62% of children with impressive speech disorders the autism-like syndrome was marked, and in 38 % both the autism-like and the hyperdynamic syndromes. in 74 % of children with expressive speech disorders the hyperdynamic syndrome was marked and in 26 % the neurotic syndrome. All the 3 syndromes were educed in children with mixed speech disorders however if in the structure of speech disorder a sensorial component prevailed then the autism-like syndrome was found. with the predominance of a motor component there were both hyperdynamic and neurotic syndromes. Direct dependence of intensity of these syndromes on seriousness of speech disorders was educed.

The results of the research show, that children with speech pathology at preschool age have already the disorders of emotional and volitional spheres which influences the development of the personality of a child and contributes to the reinforcement of negative forms of reaction.

In Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), pharmacotherapy is used for the treatment of specific BPD pathology facets, such as cognitive-perceptual, affective, or impulsivity symptoms. Due to the polymorphic phenomenology of the disorder, different classes of drugs are used, e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers.

To evaluate the up-to-date evidence of drug treatment efficacy for BPD.

A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials was done. All randomised comparisons of drug vs. placebo, drug vs. drug, or drug vs. a combination of drugs in adult BPD patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria, associated pathology, i.e., depression and anxiety, general measures of overall psychopathology severity and mental health status, tolerability, and adverse effects. with support of the Cochrane Collaboration, a thorough search was conducted to identify both published and unpublished trials. the findings were scrutinized by two reviewers independently.

Twenty-six trials were included, investigating first- and second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Findings indicate beneficial effects for all classes of drugs investigated, and suggest mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotic agents as first-line treatments for BPD due to their efficacy in the treatment of different domains of BPD and associated pathology. However, psychotherapeutic treatment should clearly be targeted at predefined specific symptoms.

Growing evidence points to the conclusion that biological factors do predispose some individuals towards violent behavior. Contemporary research suggests that serotonin is a neurotransmitter associated with expressed aggression, challenging the concept of a person's knowledge of right or wrong and the free will to choose between the two.

Thorough research of the main databases (Medline, Embase, Psychinfo), and web search engines such as Goggle, Lycos for relevant studies, agencies and organizations, interested in neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT), aggression, hostility, violence and violent behaviour issues.

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the modulation of aggression in animals and humans. the 5-HT system seems to be involved in either the performance or the termination of aggressive behaviours. So although an association with serotonin and aggression appears to be present, it isn't clear the way of this association or the expression of the interplay of the genes with the individuals’ environment. Genes and environment appears to be in a dynamic interplay that concludes in the observed behaviour.

A longstanding dogma that aggression and serotonergic activity are inversely related has to be abandoned in light of many new findings. Trait and state aggression are differentially regulated by the 5-HT system and different 5-HT receptors seem to be involved. We are still far from understanding the complex role played by the serotonergic system in the modulation of a complex set of behaviors like aggression.

To evaluate prevalence rate of suicidal ideation among Italian elderly and to investigate possible socio-demographic and psychopathological features of suicide attempters in a population-based study.

461 subjects (mean age 85 years; 52.9% women; 49.2% widow) were interviewed using the Revised Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders in the Elderly. the presence of suicidal ideation was assessed by the Scale for Suicide Ideation. the association between suicidal ideation and its correlates was analysed by Logistic Regression Model estimating Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95%CI).

Eighteen (3,8%) persons refused to answer to questions concerning suicide thoughts. Only one participant declared to have attempted suicide (a 92 years-old men, widow, living on his own and complaining about depressive feelings). Overall suicidal ideation prevalence was 7.3%: wish to die (3.8%) and not worth living (13%). Gender, age, education, marital and socio-economic status were similar in subjects with and without suicidal ideation. Subjects with suicidal ideation had fewer family contacts, were less satisfied of their general health status and had a higher number of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, when all these conditions were tested in the same model, only depressive symptoms were still significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR, 95%CI=9.6, 3.3-27.9).

The worldwide aging of the population deserves attention to psycho-geriatric medicine. Study on suicide in late-life are of interest to detect elderly at risk and to emphasize this increasing phenomenon.

Diogenes syndrome is the combination of severe self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal, a tendency to hoard excessively, and refusal of help, in elderly patients.

To report a case of Diogenes’ syndrome underlying the impact of pathological hoarding behaviour in the quality of life of the patient. to discuss the pathological hoarding behaviour (syllogomania) in the context of this specific behavioural disorder.

Case study and review of the literature.

The subject of this case study is a 78-year-old man with Diogenes syndrome. Hoarding behaviour is the major presentation symptom in this case, along with domestic squalor and social withdrawal. He has marked obsessive personality traits, no insight for his morbid condition and an attitude of refusal of treatment.

The literature reveals high comorbidity of Diogenes syndrome with psychiatric and somatic disorders. Some authors raise the possibility that obsessive-compulsive disorder may be the cause of hoarding rubbish in those cases of Diogenes syndrome in which hoarding exists and cannot be better explained by other psychopathology. other authors hypothesise Diogenes syndrome as a reaction to stress in elderly people with certain personality characteristics or as the end stage of a personality disorder. the ethiopathogeny of Diogenes syndrome remains unclear and there is no consensus about diagnostic criteria. It is a relevant area for future research, contributing for a better comprehension of the differential diagnosis of pathological hoarding behaviour and late life psychopathology.

Although anxiety disorders prevalence and incidence decline in later life, anxiety is a major health problem for the elderly. Epidemiology, neurobiology, and treatment of anxiety disorders are poorly studied in the geriatric population. Nevertheless, anxiety has a high impact on functional status and health-related quality of life.

To underline the significant impact of anxiety in the elderly. to discuss the sub-diagnosis and sub-treatment of late-life anxiety and subclinical symptoms.

Literature Review. MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches for peer-reviewed studies, published between 1998 and 2008, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms anxiety, anxiety disorders and old age.

There are few studies in the literature addressing this topic. Late-life anxiety has a high prevalence and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, functional impairment, poorer quality of life and significant societal costs. Clinical studies show that most cases of anxiety disorders in late life are undetected and under-treated. Intervention research in late-life anxiety disorders is lacking.

It is extremely important and urgent a more efficacious assessment and management of anxiety disorders in the elderly. It is also fundamental an increased attention to subtreshold anxiety, which will allow an earlier intervention and prevention of new cases of anxiety disorders. Well designed interventions will be capable of reducing the burden, morbidity and incidence of late-life anxiety.

Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) are common in clinical practice. the clinical significance of these subjective complaints among older individuals is not well understood.

To study and discuss the association between SMC and MCI, underlining the importance of an adequate clinical assessment of SMC in the elderly.

Review of the literature.

There is no consistent definition of SMC in the literature. Some prospective studies showed an association with objective memory impairments, conceptualizing SMC as a Pre-Mild Cognitive Impairment. SMC are also currently considered to be a core feature of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies showed conflicting results concerning the association between SMC and MCI.

The understanding of the predictive value of SMC in cognitive decline is still poorly understood. It is important to define criteria aimed to increase specificity of memory complaints, allowing an earlier identification of populations with higher risk of MCI. Future research on this complex association is important to identify SMC individuals at increased risk of conversion to MCI and dementia.

The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between mild cognitive impairment (MCI), educational status and intellectual activity in elderly patients.

The study comprises 40 elderly patients diagnosed with MCI. the diagnosis of MCI was established applying to all patients MMSE (Mini Mental State Evaluation). Also a Clock Drawing Test (CDT) was applied. A MMSE score between 28-21points was considered as MCI.

We consider that a patient has intellectual activities if he performs at least one of the following: reading a book or a newspaper, solving puzzles or mind games.

The exclusion criteria were: patients with moderate and severe cognitive impairment and patients with no educational level.

The average of age was 69.65 years. the average of MMSE score was 24.65 points. the correlation between MMSE and CDT is significant at the 0.01 level. the MMSE and CDT scores are smaller as the educational level is lower. 3 subjects have fourth grade education, 17 subjects have eighth grade education, 16 subjects have high-school education and 4subjects have college education. the patients with small scores at cognitive evaluation have no intellectual activity in the present. the intellectual activity is in direct relationship with high educational level; patients with high-school and college education are performing intellectual activities in the present.

Patients with actual intellectual activity have the highest MMSE and CDT scores.

Intellectual activities are protective factors against cognitive impairment.

This paper represents the screening part of a grant PNCDI2 41-057/2007 from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research.

To describe and then compare the admissions of elderly in the last decade, to see if there have been significant changes regarding both the diagnosis and the number of admissions.

Medical records of patients over 70 years admitted in an acute psychiatric unit in the course of 1997 and 2007 have been reviewed. the number of admissions in elderly patients is compared to the number of admissions in any age. Diagnosis in the elderly between 1997 and 2007 is also compared.

In the last decade the percentage of patients over 70 who enter our unit has increased. with regard to their diagnoses, depressive disorders and the "others" category have decreased, increasing, however, the bipolar disorder, dementia and other psychoses.

Since the population pyramid tends towards older ages, it seems logical that the number of admissions in elderly patients increase, as it has been shown in our research.

The fall in the diagnosis of “others” and the rise of diagnosis such as Dementia, Bipolar disorders and other psychosis might be due to a better diagnosis of these pathologies.