Physicians discover more and more patients with Hypertension (HTN) whose blood pressure (BP) values during work appear to be higher than those values during free time. This form of HTN is called ‘HTN at work’ (Stork at al., 1992).

To evaluate the specifics of psychophysiological mechanisms of stress reaction in patients with HTN at work, as compared with patients with essential HTN.

170 patients with EAH, stage 1-2 took part in the study. Among them 85 patients with HTN at work (mean age is 44.7±4.3years) and 85 patients with essential HTN (mean age is 47.4±4.5 years). The research was carried out with the implication of methods of psychological experiment, psychological testing, and methods of physiological data registration.

Patients with HTN at work, were characterized by reliably greater increase of Systolic BP (on the average by 16 and 4 mmHg respectively) as a reaction to emotional stress. The BP increase in this group was revealed in combination with a lowering of the level of anxiety, gradual decrease of catecholamines' level in urine and renin and angiotensin-1 in blood plasma during the experiment, the fluctuant aspirations' level, and scarcity of behavioral manifestations accompanied by an abundant variety of facial expressions. This psychophysiological combination is an indicator of repression of emotions, chronic stress and psychophysiological exhaustion.

Repression of emotions come as a significant pathogenetic factor in genesis of psychosomatic syndrome among patients with HTN at work, as opposed to patients with essential HTN.

Suicide is a global issue among the elderly, but few studies have explored the experiences of suicide ideation in older Asian psychiatric outpatients.

The purposes of this study were to explore triggers of suicide ideation among older first onset cases in psychiatric outpatients in Taiwan and their reasons for not executing suicide.

Older psychiatric outpatients (N=24) were recruited by convenience from one medical centre and one regional hospital in northern Taiwan. Data were collected in individual interviews using a semi-structured guide and analysed by content analysis.

Suicide ideation was triggered by illness and physical discomfort, conflicts with family members/friends, illness of family members, death of family members/friends, and loneliness. Participants’ reasons for not executing suicide were family members’ and friends’ support, receiving treatment, finding a way to shift their attention, fear of increasing pressure on one’s children, religious beliefs, and not knowing how to execute suicide.

Understanding these identified triggers of suicide ideation may help psychiatrists open a channel for conversation with their elderly clients and more readily make their diagnosis. Understanding these identified protective factors against executing suicide can help psychiatrists not only treat depression, but also enhance protective factors for their clients.

It is well-known that depression is one of the significant risk factors for suicidality, but alone it is not sufficient.

Research has shown that the correlation between depression and suicidality became non-significant when hopelessness was statistically controlled, and that it is psychache that directly leads to suicide and mediates the effects of depression and hopelessness. We therefore explored depression, hopelessness and psychache (DHP) as a predictors of suicidality in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders (PDs).

To identify patients at risk of suicidality.

The study sample consisted of 59 patients diagnosed with a PDs (schizophrenia spectrum and delusional disorders), mean age of 35.25 years (SD 8.25). Assessment instruments included the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Beck Hopelessness Scale and The Psychache Scale.

There was a positive correlation between DHP and intensity of suicidality and factors of suicidal motivation and preparation. Regression analysis indicates that DHP contribute to 45,9% of the variance of intensity of suicidality (F=17,433, df=3, p 0,01), to 32.9% of the variance of suicidal motivation (F = 10.479, df = 3, p 0,01), and to 57.1% of the variance of suicidal preparation (F = 26.775, df = 3, p 0,01). Depression was the only significant predictor of intensity of suicidality and suicidal motivation, with hopelessness as the only significant predictor of suicidal preparation.

In patients diagnosed with PDs, depression was a significant predictor of intensity of suicidality and suicidal motivation, and hopelessness was a significant predictor of suicidal preparation.

Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident was the greatest technological disaster in history. There is evidence that the accident has had a significant long-term impact on psychological well-being of the affected population. In particular, the rate of suicidal behavior has increased dramatically among the exposed population. At the same time, little epidemiological information about parasuicidal individuals is available.

This study was design to extend our understanding of suicidal behavior by examining urban-rural differences in the sociodemographic and mental health characteristics of male suicide attempters in the region affected by Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

We interviewed 243 male suicide attempters (166 urban residents (UR) and 77 rural residents (RR)) received treatment at Gomel regional psychiatric hospital (Belarus).

The most important risk factors identified were younger age (18-29), being single (71.4% of RR and 70.5% of UR), being unemployed (37.7% of RR and 38.6% of UR), having mental disorders (100% of RR and 98.2% of UR), having previous suicide attempts (19.5% of RR and 16.9% UR). The most frequent diagnoses were mental disorders due to psychoactive substances use (76.6% of RR and 71.1% of UR). The prevalence of alcohol dependence was higher among RR compared with UR (50.6% vs. 45.8%). Consumption of alcohol at the time of the parasuicidal act was reported more commonly by RR than by UR (61.0% vs. 56%).

These findings are consistent with previous research indicating a causal role for mental health problems and alcohol abuse in suicidal behavior.

The presence of mental illness has been found to be one of the major predictors of suicidality. Further, a lifetime history of suicide attempts increase the risk of death by suicide.

Suicidality differs among diagnostic groups, with the strongest association being with mood disorders, but also with schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. Accordingly, we explored the differences in suicidality among various diagnostic groups.

To identify a diagnostic group with the highest risk of suicidality.

The study sample consisted of 122 patients categorized into three diagnostic groups: those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n=56), those with mood disorders (n=40) and those with anxiety disorders (n=26), mean age of 37.38 years. Assessment instruments included the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the semistructured questionnaire for suicidal behaviour (lifetime history and method of suicide attempts).

The three groups statistically differed with regard to lifetime suicide attempts (p ?0.01). More patients with mood (42.5%) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (35.7%) reported lifetime suicide attempts compared to patients with anxiety disorders (0%). In all groups, self-poisoning was the most common method for suicide attempts. There was a significant difference among the diagnostic groups in the intensity of suicidal motivation (p<0.05), but not in the intensity of overall suicidality (p>0.05) and suicidal preparation (p> 0.05). Patients with mood disorders scored higher on the intensity of suicidal motivation compared to patients with schizophrenia spectrum.

The risk of lifetime suicide attempts was highest in patients with mood disorders, as well as intensity of suicidal motivation.

According to the OMS the average of suicides has increased in the last 50 years in 60 %, especially in the countries of development. It is nowadays one of three principal reasons of death between young women from 15 to 34 years. The OMS and the AIPS (international association of the prevention of the suicide) think that the factor more predisponente is the depression, but there are great others that increase the tendency to the suicide, as the Bipolar Disorders, abuse of drugs, schizophrenia, precedents of psychiatric disease, socio-economic and educational poor contexts or a physical weak health.

-Learn about the socio-demographic characteristics that defines the population that are treated in the emergency service of the CHUA (University Hospital of Albacete).

-To assess the existence of a possible profile of common suicide risk in patients who died by suicide.

-Retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study of the socio-demographic characteristics, as well as analysis of the data of both psychiatric and forensic clinical history of patients and individuals who had accomplished the suicide in the province of Albacete during 2011.

Are described the different variables partner demographic (mean age, sex, marital status, prior pathology…) of the studied population

-Data from this study would know the profile of patients with increased suicide risk in order to perform preventive interventions appropriate in order to avoid suicide consummated in patients who come asking for urgent psychiatric help.

-New extended and comparative studies that also reduce suicide mortality are required.

People who attempt suicide often display cognitive impairments, particularly poor cognitive control. Could poor cognitive control contribute to high suicide rates in old age? A component of cognitive control, cognitive inhibition – active suppression of task-irrelevant processing – is very sensitive to aging and has been linked to attempted suicide. We investigated cognitive inhibition in older high-lethality suicide attempters, closely resembling suicide victims, as well as low-lethality attempters, and control groups with and without depression and suicidal ideation.

102 participants aged 60+ (17 psychiatrically healthy control subjects, 38 depressed control subjects, 16 suicide ideators, 14 low-lethality suicide attempters, and 17 high-lethality suicide attempters) underwent comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessments. They completed the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Color-Word Interference Test, a validated modification of the Stroop test.

High-lethality suicide attempters demonstrated a distinct pattern of cognitive inhibition deficits. Compared to psychiatrically healthy control subjects and non-suicidal depressed patients, high-lethality attempters took longer to complete inhibition trials, even after accounting for potential confounding factors (age, education, MMSE score, information processing speed, and accuracy). Compared to non-suicidal depressed and healthy control subjects, low-lethality suicide attempters committed more uncorrected errors; however, this difference was not specific to the inhibition condition.

Older suicide attempters are a cognitively heterogeneous group. Poor cognitive control in high-lethality attempters may undermine their ability to solve real-life problems, precipitating a catastrophic accumulation of stressors. Meanwhile, low-lethality attempters’ poor performance may reflect a careless approach to the task or faulty monitoring.

The research wasdesigned to study the contemporary patterns of suicidal behavior in patientswith depressive disorders.

Itwas conducted comprehensive examination of 155 patients of both genders, aged 18–35 years with anestablished diagnosis of depressive disorders which contained various forms ofsuicidal behavior.

Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety andDepression Scale, Biochemical tests.

Symptoms of phobia andanxiety which correlated with affective disorders (dysthymia, recurrent depressive episode) and posttraumatic stress disorder in menpotentiated the risk of suicidal behavior.

The results of biochemical tests showed that patients withsuicidal behavior have an increase of the concentration of serotonin in theblood, reducing the level of melatonin in the plasma and the decrease of therate of excretion of adrenaline and norepinephrine in the night and dayperiods.

In patients with high levels of depression according to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depressionand other scales of depression were found the maximum increase of the concentration of serotonin inthe blood and the lowest level of melatonin in the plasma.

It can be concluded thatthe neuroendocrine regulation of suicidal behavior is triggered by a reductionof melatonin, which lead to a decrease of catecholamine excretion.

The present study allowed us todevelop a comprehensive pathogenetic based complex system of correction ofsuicidal behavior during the acute stress reactions, which includes thecombined use of medication and psychotherapy .

About 90% of persons who commit suicide suffer from mental illness. The risk is particularly high in depression, psychosis, agitation, severe anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypochondriasis and borderline personality disorder.

Aim of our study was to found connection between self-stigma, and level of suicidality in neurotic spectrum disorders. It is a cross-section study of inpatients with pharmacoresistant patients hospitalized at the psychotherapeutic ward of the Department of psychiatry, University hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.

. Data were gathered from 198 probands. Patients were diagnosed according ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria. There were used ISMI, BDI-II, objective and subjective CGI, Morin sleep scale, DES and MADRS item 10 (suicidality) for the assessment. Level of self-stigma highly significantly correlated with suicidality in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders.

More attention should be paid to issue of self-stigma throughout neurotic patients, especially those with suicidal thoughts and tendencies.

feeling of hopelessness (Beck depressive triad) may be a manifestation of depression, as well as predictor of suicidal behavior.

investigation of factors of hopelessness and loneliness in teenagers.

Beck Hopelessness Inventory (A. Beck), The UCLA loneliness scale D.W. Russell (version 3). Participants were 1499 schoolchildren (840 female and 659 male) aged from 14 to 18 years (medium age 15.7 years). 763 teens were surveyed before leaving for summer camp, 738 during the school year. 279 of 739 adolescents live in rural areas, 460 in Moscow.

A comparative analysis by gender, the time of the study and place of residence was conducted. Mean rates for Beck hopelessness and loneliness scale Russell were higher in the group of students than in the group of summer camp children (4.9, 4.0, P <.001 and 26.2, 23.07 P <.001). Girls were tend to “believe in their future” less than boys and feel more lonely and misunderstood. Teenagers living in rural areas were more likely to believe that they have “no hope for now and there is no reason to believe that they will in the future” (P <.025).

onset of feelings of hopelessness and loneliness during the school year, especially in undergraduates, due to the tightening of requirements for the graduation exams, increased pre-examination stress. Therefore we suggest the development of the system for preventing manifestations of hopelessness and loneliness, taking into account children’s age, gender and socio-demographic data.

Suicide attempts are extremely prevalent and associated with many risk factors that vary with age and gender, occur in combination, and may change over time. The aim of the present study was to describe gender differences among psychiatric ER users at the AOU Maggiore della Carità Hospital in Novara for attempted suicide with regard to intentions and methods of attempting.

Determinants of ER psychiatric consultations were studied prospectively during the period 2008-2014 at the 'Maggiore” Hospital in Novara. Comparison of qualitative data was performed by means of the ×2 test. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.

We have already gathered data from more than 2000 ER psychiatric consultations. Preliminary results suggest that suicide attempts are more common in females than in males, although through the years there seems to be a trend towards increase of attempts even in males. Surprisingly, suicide attempts are found to be more common in employed subjects than in unemployed ones. Reasons for self-harming are associated with relational problems rather than psychiatric symptoms. Drugs poisoning seems to be the preferred suicide method.

The results described above should be considered as preliminary, as data collection and statistical analyses are still ongoing. Anyway, the possible correlation between employment and suicide attempt, and the growing frequency of attempts in males seem to be particularly interesting. Implications will be discussed.

Recent evidence suggests that electrodermal reactivity could be useful in identifying individuals with high suicide risk.

To evaluate the relevance of electrodermal oriented reactivity for the discrimination of high suicide risk cases among major depressive disorder patients.

60 adult major depressive disorder patients (as diagnosed by using the ICD-10 criteria) were included, of which 30 were identified as having a significant suicide risk by using the Paykel Suicide Scale. Electrodermal reactivity was tested by using the EDOR test.

No statistical significant difference was identified, although a certain tendency was obvious.

The use of electrodermal reactivity tests seems promising in identifying individuals with high suicide risk.

Cognitive impairment is a major factor influencing the severity and prognosis of major depression. On the other hand, the impossibility of finding solutions and support is characteristic for individuals with suicidal behavior. Therefore, the comparative investigation of cognitive functioning in suicidal and non-suicidal major depression disorder patients seems to be justified.

To evaluate weather suicidal major depressive disorder patients show a specific pattern of cognitive impairment as compared to non-suicidal major depressive disorder patients.

60 adult major depressive disorder patients (as diagnosed by using the ICD-10 criteria) were included, of which 30 were identified as having a significant suicide risk by using the Paykel Suicide Scale. Cognitive functioning (working memory and executive functions) was assessed by using the CogTest battery.

Both working memory and executive function performance were lower in suicidal patients, with problem solving being the most prominent marker related to suicide risk.

Severe problem solving deficiency might be a marker of suicide risk in major depressive disorder patients.

Suicidal behavior includes attempted suicide and completed suicide, both generally preceded by suicidal ideation. Whereas suicidal ideation corresponds to the thoughts and cognitions about the end of life itself, the suicide attempt may culminate in suicide.

Suicide is associated with frustrated needs, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, ambivalent conflict between survival and unbearable stress, with a gradual taper of options and a perceived need for increased escape.

However, 90% of all those who commit or attempt suicide suffer from mental disorder. Suicide risk in psychiatric patients is 3-12 times higher than in mentally healthy individuals. There is an increased risk in depressive disorder. This stresses the need to be alert for other diseases, such as psychotic and anxiety disorders, substance dependence and some personality disorders (borderline, histrionic and antisocial type).

Suicidal behaviors can be reduced through knowledge about the issue, namely prevention. Different groups (family, social, cultural and professional) can play in a synergy of preventative efforts. Global Action Plan for Mental Health 2013 – 2020 the World Health Assembly, requires all 194 Member States to reduce their rates of suicide by 10% by 2020.

Suicidal behaviors include in its etiologic origins a set of sociological, psychological, biological and genetic factors in an explosive cocktail. Characterization of this problem will make it possible to detect specific interventions, to help with the lines of preventive orientation. Awareness and careful information of the population is imperative to the success of adequate and targeted prevention.

In Portugal there are no national epidemiologic registers on the prevalence/incidence of suicidal ideation and attempts. Although there is no evidence that suicide is higher in University students than in other people of the same age, it is a cause of premature death.

To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of suicidality in university students

549 University students (80.1% females) filled in a booklet of questionnaires that included the Suicidal Behaviour Section of the Diagnostic Interview of Genetic Studies (Azevedo et al, 1993; Nurnberger et al., 1994), which was slight modified.

0.4% reported lifetime poor psychological health and 1.3% reported lifetime hospitalizations due to emotional/behavioural problems. Lifetime thoughts of death, lifetime active suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicidal attempts were described by 20.4%, 11.9% and by 2.3% of the students, respectively. Regarding the more severe lifetime suicide attempt (N=15) the method used was predominantly self-poisoning (medication) (9/13), 40% (6/15) were hospitalized after this attempt, 53.3% (8/15) reported death wishes when the act was performed, and 60% (9/15) considered that death could be the consequence of the act. During last month suicidal ideation occurred in 1.9% of the students. During the last two weeks suicidal ideation without planning was found in 2.2% and 0.2% refereed they are going to attempt suicide if they will have an opportunity.

In university students recent, frequent and severe suicide ideation might occur. Results highlighted the need for suicidality prevention/early intervention and that Health University Care Services should screen systematically suicidal ideation.

'Body- Art” and dissociative episodes are associated with a higher risk for self harm and suicide attempts (SA) in adolescents. Evidence of these associations in adults are lacking.

we investigate the association between body-art, SA and dissociative episodes in a sample of adult psychiatric in-patients. AIMS: to investigate and further describe the relationship between these issues.

all subjects aged more than 18 hospitalized for a SA in the Psychiatric Clinic of Genova (February 2013- 2014) were recruited. For each of them an age- and sex- matched control hospitalized for reasons other than SA was enrolled. Each of them completed SCID I, II; ISS; DES. A semistructured interview about the body-art, the method used in the SA, the presence of family TS was conducted.

positive association between body-art, more previous SA and dissociative episodes. 75% of patients with more than one body-art had a diagnosis in both axis and repeated SA. No association between axis II diagnosis and dissociative episodes. Positive association between violent methods in SA and dissociative episodes, but not with body art.

our results support in adults evidence from previous literature concerning adolescents. The results can be understood in the light of recent epigenetic evidence and of the altered pain threshold in suicidal people.

The altered perception of the body mind bond could be an important target for prevention and treatment strategies of suicidal patients. Further studies are needed to better investigate these associations in adult population.

Suicide rates are implicit indicators of how effective social, religious and medical services address personal and economic crisis.

The assessment of suicide risk factors and patterns in a Romanian sample.

To identify the most relevant suicide risk factors in the present context.

The study included all suicide cases autopsied at Timisoara Institute of Legal Medicine from 2009 to 2012. The following data were analyzed: socio-demographic records, blood alcohol levels and the number of committed suicides.

The study included 310 (81% men and 19% women) individuals who committed suicide, with ages ranging between 13 and 93 years. In women, the mean age was 52.34 years (std.dev. = 19.1), while in men was 49.4 (std.dev. = 17.4). The most common suicide method regardless of age, sex and residence area was hanging (68.3%). The greatest number of suicides was found in the 40-60 age group / adults (47%), followed by the 20-40 age group / young adults (26.7%) and over 60 years / seniors (26.1%). The percentage of suicides under 20 years old / adolescents was 3.5 %. There was a statistically significant difference (t = 2.06; p < 0.05) regarding alcohol blood levels between adults (0.8‰) and seniors (0.4‰), but not when compared with adolescents (0.56‰), or young adults (0.6 ‰). The average percentage of suicides committed under alcohol influence was 40% regardless of age group.

In the studied sample adults have the highest suicidal risk and alcohol is an important risk factor.