Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T22:29:50.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cigarette smoking in long-term schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

R.K.R. Salokangas ,
T. Honkonen ,
E. Stengård ,
A.-M. Koivisto  and
J. Hietala
R.K.R. Salokangas*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Psychiatric Clinic, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku Psychiatric Clinic, 20520Turku, Finland
T. Honkonen
Affiliation:
Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250Helsinki, Finland
E. Stengård
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, 33014Tampere, Finland
A.-M. Koivisto
Affiliation:
Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, 33101Tampere, Finland
J. Hietala
Affiliation:
Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku Psychiatric Clinic, 20520Turku, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 2 3131 740; fax: +358 2 3132 730. E-mail address: [email protected] (R.K.R. Salokangas).
Get access

Abstract

Purpose

Cigarette smoking is a great health problem and prevalent among subjects with schizophrenia. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and associations of cigarette smoking in patients with long-term schizophrenia.

Methods

Seven hundred and sixty schizophrenia patients were interviewed and their cigarette smoking was recorded.

Results

Smoking was more prevalent men than in women patients. In logistic regression analysis, male gender, duration of illness (DUI) from 10 to 19 years, being divorced or separated, lower education and high daily doses of neuroleptics (DDN) associated significantly with regular smoking. Heavy smoking associated, in men, with hospital treatment.

Conclusions

In schizophrenia patients, smoking is associated with long DUI, high DDN and institutional care. Interventions for cessation and/or reduction of cigarette smoking should be a part of the treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

Keywords

Cigarette smokingHospital careNeuroleptic medicationSchizophreniaGender
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , June 2006 , pp. 219 - 223
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brown, S, Birtwistle, J, Roe, L, Thompson, CThe unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 1999;29:697–701.10.1017/S0033291798008186CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, S, Inskip, H, Barraclough, BCauses of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiat 2000;177:212–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, P.B.S.Tobacco smoking, genes, and dopamine. Lancet 1998;352:84–86.10.1016/S0140-6736(98)85006-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Court, JA, Lloyd, S, Thomas, N, Piggott, MA, Marshall, EF, Morris, CMet al.Dopamine and nicotinic receptor binding and the levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain related to tobacco use. Neuroscience 1998;87:63–78.10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00088-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalack, GW, Becks, L, Hill, E, Pomerleau, OF, Meador-Woodruff, JHNicotine withdrawal and psychiatric symptoms in cigarette smokers with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:195–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leon, J, Dadvand, M, Canuso, C, White, AO, Stanilla, JK, Simpson, GMSchizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital. Am. J. Psychiatry 1995;152:453–455.Google ScholarPubMed
Decina, P, Caracci, G, Sandik, R, Berman, W, Mukherjee, S, Scapicchio, PCigarette smoking and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Biol. Psychiatry 1990;28:502–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diwan, A, Castine, M, Pomerleau, C.-S., Meador-Woodruff, JH, Dalack, GWDifferential prevalence of cigarette smoking in patients with schizophrenic vs. mood disorders. Schizophr. Res. 1998;33:113–118.10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00045-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doll, R, Peto, R, Wheatley, K, Gray, RMortality in relation to smoking: 40 years’ observation on British doctors. BMJ 1994;309:901–911.10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott, J, Spitzer, RL, Fleis, JL, Cohen, JThe Global Assessment Scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1976;33:766–771.10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, TP, Ziedonis, DM, Feingold, A, Pepper, WT, Satterburg, CA, Winkel, Jet al.Nicotine transdermal patch and atypical antipsychotic medications for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:1835–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glassman, AHCigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness. Am. J. Psychiatry 1993;150:546–553.Google ScholarPubMed
Goff, DC, Henderson, DC, Amica, BSCigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects. Am. J. Psychiatry 1992;149:1189–1194.Google ScholarPubMed
Helakorpi, S, Uutela, A, Prättälä, R, Berg, A.-M., Puska, PSuomalaisen aikuisväestön terveyskäyttäytyminen, kevät 1997 (Health behaviour of Finnish adult population; in Finnish). Helsinki: Kansanterveyslaitoksen julkaisuja B10; 1997.Google Scholar
Herran, A, de-Santiago, A, Sandoya, M, Fernandez, MJ, Diez-Manrique, JF, Vazquez-Barquero, JLDeterminants of smoking behaviour in outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2000;41:373–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honkonen, T, Saarinen, S, Salokangas, R.K.R.Deinstitutionalization and schizophrenia in Finland II: discharged patients and their psychosocial functioning. Schizophr. Bull. 1999;25:547–555.10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033400CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, JR, Hatsukami, DK, Mitchell, JE, Dahlgren, LAPrevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 1986;143:993–997.Google ScholarPubMed
Itkin, O, Nemets, B, Einat, HSmoking habits in bipolar and schizophrenic outpatients in southern Israel. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2001;62:269–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iversen, LLSmoking harmful to the brain. Nature 1996;382:206–207.10.1038/382206a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jann, M, Saklad, SR, Ereshefsky, L, Richards, AL, Harington, CA, Davis, CMEffects of smoking on haloperidol and reduced haloperidol plasma concentrations and haloperidol clearance. Psychopharmacol 1986;90:468–470.10.1007/BF00174062CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarvik, ME, Schneider, NGNicotine. In: Lowinson, JH, Ruiz, P, Millman, RB, editors. Substance Abuse: a comprehensive textbook, 2nd ed Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1992.Google Scholar
Laaksonen, M, Uutela, A, Vartiainen, E, Jousilahti Pekka, , Helakorpi, S, Puska, PDevelopment of smoking by birth cohort in the adult population in eastern Finland 1972–1997. Tob. Control 1999;8:161–168.10.1136/tc.8.2.161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, ED, Simon, BBNicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 1998;138:217–230.10.1007/s002130050667CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lohr, JB, Flynn, KSmoking and schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1992;8:93–102.10.1016/0920-9964(92)90024-YCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, RREffects of smoking on drug action. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1977;22:749–756.10.1002/cpt1977225part2749CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peto, R, Lopez, AD, Boreham, J, Thun, M, Heath, C Jr., Doll, RMortality from smoking worldwide. Br. Med. Bull. 1996;52:12–21.10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salokangas, R.K.R., Honkonen, T, Stengård, EDischarged schizophrenia patients in the community—implications for service development. A follow-up study of schizophrenia patients discharged from Finnish mental hospitals in 1982, 1986, 1990 and 1994. Psychiatria Fennica 2001;32(Suppl. 2):111–122.Google Scholar
Salokangas, R.K.R., Saarijärvi, S, Taiminen, T, Lehto, H, Niemi, H, Ahola, Vet al.Effect of smoking on neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1997;23:55–60.10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00083-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salokangas, R.K.R., Saarinen, SDeinstitutionalisation and schizophrenia in Finland: discharged patients and their care. A follow-up study of schizophrenic patients discharged from Finnish mental hospitals in 1982, 1986 and 1990. Schizophr. Bull. 1998;24:457–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salokangas, R.K.R., Stengård, E, Honkonen, T, Koivisto, A.-M., Saarinen, SSairaalasta yhteiskuntaan. (From Hospital to the Community; Finnish report). Helsinki: STAKES, Raportteja 248; 2000.Google Scholar
Salokangas, R.K.R., Vilkman, H, Ilonen, T, Taiminen, T, Bergman, J, Haaparanta, Met al.High levels of dopamine activity in the basal ganglia of cigarette smokers. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:632–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strand, J.-E., Nybäck, HTobacco use in schizophrenia: a study of cotinine concentrations in the saliva of patients and controls. Eur. Psychiatry 2005;20:50–54.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziedonis, DM, Kosten, TR, Glazer, WM, Frances, RJNicotine dependence and schizophrenia. Hosp Com Psychiatry 1994;45:204–206.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.