Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T11:04:09.155Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Violencia en el lugar de trabajo: una encuesta del personal de enfermería

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Dorota Merecz ,
Joanna Rymaszewska ,
Agnieszka Mościcka ,
Andrzej Kiejna  and
Joanna Jarosz-Nowak
Dorota Merecz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología del Trabajo, Instituto Nofer de Medicina Ocupacional, Lodz, Polonia
Joanna Rymaszewska
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Formación Médica de Graduados, Universidad Médica de Wroclaw, Ul Pasteura 10, 50-367 , Wroclaw, Polonia
Agnieszka Mościcka
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología del Trabajo, Instituto Nofer de Medicina Ocupacional, Lodz, Polonia
Andrzej Kiejna
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Formación Médica de Graduados, Universidad Médica de Wroclaw, Ul Pasteura 10, 50-367 , Wroclaw, Polonia
Joanna Jarosz-Nowak
Affiliation:
Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad de Tecnología de Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Polonia
Get access

Resumen

Antecedentes.

– En el sector sanitario, el personal de enfermería es uno de los grupos más expuestos a la violencia en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, no es obvio que el personal de enfermería psiquiátrica (PEP) esté más expuesto a la agresión y el agotamiento laboral (burnout).

Objetivos.

– Determinar la naturaleza y los efectos de los actos agresivos hacia el personal de enfermería en los servicios psiquiátricos y otros servicios médicos en Polonia.

Metodos.

– Se distribuyó diversos cuestionarios (Escala de Estrés en el Trabajo, Cuestionario de Salud General, Inventario de Agotamiento Laboral de Maslach, Escala de Satisfacción Laboral) entre miembros del personal de enfermería psiquiátrica (PEP, n = 78) y no psiquiátrica (PENP, n = 335). Se alcanzó una tasa de respuesta del 92,6%.

Resultados.

– Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el PEP y el PENP con respecto a sus experiencias de violencia. El incidente comunicado con más frecuencia era el abuso verbal, seguido por las amenazas y la agresión física. Los pacientes eran los autores de manera significativamente más frecuente en las salas psiquiátricas que en las otras salas. El nivel de agresión entre el personal no variaba significativamente entre los grupos, ni tampoco el nivel de satisfacción laboral y de absentismo.

Conclusión.

– La frecuencia de los actos violentos y el estrés relacionado con ellos señala la gran necesidad del desarrollo de programas preventivos para abordar la cuestión de la violencia en el trabajo.

Keywords

ViolenciaLugar de trabajoPersonal de enfermeríaAgotamiento Laboral (Bumout)
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , February 2007 , pp. 17 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

[1]Ametz, JE, Ametz, BB, Petterson, IL. Violence in the nursing profession: occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses. Work Stress 1996;2:119-27.Google Scholar
[2]Bali, J, Pike, G. Bullying, harassment and assault: preliminary findings from the RCN Working Well 2000 Survey. London: Royal College of Nursing; 2001.Google Scholar
[3]Budd, T. Violence at work: new findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey. Home Office Occasional Paper. London: Home Office, UK: Government; 2001.Google Scholar
[4]Bureau of Labour Statistics. National census of fatal occupational injuries in 2000. Washington, DC: US Department of Labour; 2001.Google Scholar
[5]Di Martino, V. Relationship of work stress and workplace violence in the health sector. Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Geneva: ILO ICN WHO PSI; 2002.Google Scholar
[6]Di Martino, V, Hoel, H, Cooper, CL. Preventing violence and harassment in the workplace. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; 2003.Google Scholar
[7]Farrell, GA. Aggression in clinical settings: nurses’ views. J Adv Nurs 1997;25:501-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[8]Farrell, GA. Aggression in clinical settings: nurses’ views—a followup study. J Adv Nurs 1999;29:532-41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9]Goldberg, D, Williams, P. A user guide to the general health questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-NELSON Publishing Company Ltd.; 1991.Google Scholar
[10]Goumay, K. The recognition, prevention and therapeutic management of violence in mental health care. London: Health Service Department, University College London; 2001.Google Scholar
[11]Graydon, J, Kasta, W, Khan, P. Verbal and physical abuse of nurses. Can J Nurs Adm 1994;4:70-89.Google Scholar
[12]Holden, RJ. Aggression against nurses. Aust Nurses J 1985;3:44-8.Google Scholar
[13]International Labour Organization. Violence on the job a global problem. Geneva: ILO; 1998.Google Scholar
[14]Kivimaki, K, Elovainio, M, Vathera, J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occup Environ Med 2000;57:656-60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[15]Makowska, Z, Merecz, D. Ocena zdrowia psychicznego na podstawie badan kwestionariuszami Dawida Goldberga. [Assessment of mental health basad on David Goldberg questionnaires]. Lodz: Instytut Medycyny Pracy; 2001.Google Scholar
[16]Mayhew, C, Chappell, D. Occupational violence: types, reporting pattems and variations between health sectors. Working Paper Series no. 139, Discussion Paper no. 1. Taskforce on Prevention and Management of Violence in the Health Workplace. Sydney: NSW Department of Health; 2001.Google Scholar
[17]Mayhew, C, Chappell, D. ‘Intemal violence (or bulling) and the health workforce.’ Discussion Paper 3. Sydney: University of New South Wales; 2001.Google Scholar
[18]Merecz, D, Makowska, Z. The impact of personality and work perception on wellbeing. Comparison analysis of the influence of these factors in women and men. In: Lehtinen, S, Taskinen, H, Rantanen, J, editors. People and work. Research reports 20. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; 1998. p. 158-64.Google Scholar
[19]Merllié, D, Paoli, P. Ten years of working conditions in the European Union. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; 2001.Google Scholar
[20]National Audit Office. A safer place to work: protecting NHS Hospital and Ambulance Staff from violence and aggression. London: NAO; 2003.Google Scholar
[21]Nolan, P, Soares, J, Dallander, J, Thompson, S, Ametz, B. A comparative study of the experiences of violence of English and Swedish mental health nurses’. Int J Nurs Stud 2001;38:419-26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22]Nowicka, M, Kolasa, W. [Being faced with an aggressive client—psychological consequences for employees] W obliczu agresywnego patenta— konsekwencje psychologiczne dia pracowników. Med Pr 2001;1:1-5.Google Scholar
[23]O’Connell, B, Young, J, Brooks, J, Hutchings, J, Lofthouse, J. Nurses’ perceptions of the nature and frequency of aggression in general ward settings and high dependency areas. J Clin Nurs 2000;4:602-10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24]Owen, C, Tarantello, C, Jones, M, Tennant, C. Violence and aggression in psychiatric units. Psychiatr Serv 1998;11:1452-7.Google Scholar
[25]Pasikowski, T. Polska adaptacja kweshonariusza Maslach Burnout Inventory. [Polish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory] In: Sęk, H, ed. Wypalenie Zawodowe. Przyczyny, mechanizmy, zapobieganie. [Burnout at work. Reasons, mechanisms, prevention.] Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; 2000.Google Scholar
[26]Perrone, S. Violence in the workplace. Research and Public Policy series no. 22. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology; 1999.Google Scholar
[27]Quine, L. Workplace bullying in NHS community trust: staff questionnaire survey. BMJ 1999;318:228-32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[28]Richards, J. Management of workplace violence victims. Geneva: ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI; 2003.Google Scholar
[29]Scott, H. Violence against nurses and NHS staff is on the increase. Br J Nurs 2003;7:396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[30]Warchol, G. Workplace violence, 1992-96: Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. Pub NCJ 168634. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 1998.Google Scholar
[31]Whittington, R. Attitudes toward patient aggression amongst mental health nurses in the ‘zero tolerance’ era: associations with burnout and length of experience. J Clin Nurs 2002;6:819-25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[32]Woronowicz, B. Wypadki przy pracy spowodowane agresywnymi zachowaniami pacjentow szpitali psychiatrycznych. Pol Tyg Lek 1986;10:305-9.Google Scholar
[33]Wynne, R, Clarkin, N, Cox, T, Griffiths, A. Guidance on the prevention of violence at work. Brussels: European Commission; 1997.Google Scholar