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European Energy Union? Caught between securitisation and ‘riskification’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2017

Andrew Judge Open the ORCID record for Andrew Judge [Opens in a new window]  and
Tomas Maltby Open the ORCID record for Tomas Maltby [Opens in a new window]
Andrew Judge*
Affiliation:
School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow
Tomas Maltby
Affiliation:
Department of Political Economy, King’s College London
*
* Correspondence to: Dr Andrew Judge, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Building, Bute Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RT, United Kingdom. Author’s email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Fears about the security of supplies have been central to debates about the development of an integrated EU energy policy over the past decade, leading to claims that energy has been ‘securitised’. Previous analyses have found, however, that although shared security concerns are frequently used as justification for further integration, they can also serve as a rationale for Member States to resist sharing sovereignty. Transcending this apparent paradox would require not just agreement about whether energy supplies are security concerns, but also agreement about what kind of security concern they are. In this article, we examine whether such an agreement could emerge through a comparative analysis of constructions of gas security in the UK and Poland. Utilising a framework that draws from both the philosophical and sociological wings of Securitisation Studies, we demonstrate that although gas has been elevated on the security agendas of both states, the specific logic of insecurity – securitisation or riskification – underpinning these constructions differs substantially, and is conditioned by distinct modes of governance in each Member State. This, we contend, limits the potential for further integration of EU energy policies in the context of the European Commission’s proposals for an ‘Energy Union’.

Keywords

Energy SecuritySecuritisationEU EnergyEnergy Governance
Type
Research Article
Information
European Journal of International Security , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , July 2017 , pp. 179 - 202
Copyright
© British International Studies Association 2017 

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References

1 Hereafter referred to as the Commission.

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148 Eurostat, ‘Energy Dependence’Google Scholar.

149 ERO, National Report, p. 13 Google Scholar.

150 Polish Government, ‘Energy Statistics 2004, 2005’, Central Statistical Office (October 2006), p. 173 Google Scholar.

151 Polish Government, ‘Energy 2016’, Central Statistical Office (16 June 2016), p. 8 Google Scholar.

152 Polish Government, ‘Energy Policy of Poland until 2030’, Ministry of Economy (2009)Google Scholar.

153 ERO, ‘National Report’, pp. 10–11 Google Scholar.

154 Ibid., p. 57.

155 Adam Grzeszak cited in Wisniewski, Jaroslaw Google Scholar, ‘Towards a Common Understanding of Energy Security? An Analysis of Elite Discourses in the UK, Poland and Germany’ (PhD Thesis, King’s College London, 2014), p. 137.

156 Directive 2009/73/EC.

157 Further research is required to examine this claim in other Member States, and in particular to examine how the dynamics of securitisation and riskification may play out in systems that do not align so clearly with the state-led/market-led distinction we have utilised in this article. This could also explore aspects of the process of constructing energy security that we have not been able to examine in this article, such as the role of practices in contributing to the process of securitisation/riskification.

158 Commission, European Energy Security Strategy, COM(2014)330, Brussels: European Commission (28 May 2014), available at: {http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0330&qid=1407855611566} accessed 11 April 2017.