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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 November 2011
I review what can be learned from studying nearby galaxies about the star formation process. The main interest of these galaxies is that they pose a different regime of star formation and physical conditions than are available in the Milky Way. I discuss how the tracers that we have for determining the star formation efficiency are affected by low metallicity and more bursty star formation in dwarf galaxies. The reduced shielding of the ISM hugely affects the structure of the ISM, in particular the applicability of CO to trace the dense molecular clouds where star formation may occur. I also discuss how the dust emission maybe affected.