Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 May 2007
The science case for an ELT covers a very wide range of topics fromthe study of exo-planets to fundamental parameters of theUniverse. Here the case is summarised, and areas where an Antarctic sitewould provide advantages or limitations are considered. Simple scalingarguments are used to suggest that a “Moderately Extremely LargeTelescope” (or “MELT”) of order 15–20 m diameter in Antarctica wouldbe capable of carrying out some (but not all) of theobservations currently envisaged for a $\sim $40 m class ELT at atemperate site. It is suggested that any such Antarctic telescopeshould be dedicated to a small number of specific science goals,chosen to complement ELTs at temperate sites.