Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T22:44:47.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ecotourism and Birds in Coastal New Jersey: Contrasting Responses of Birds, Tourists, and Managers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Joanna Burger
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
Michael Gochfeld
Affiliation:
Professor, Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Larry J. Niles
Affiliation:
Director, Endangered and Non-game Species Program, Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, New Jersey 08625, and Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.

Extract

People of diverse cultures appreciate and observe wildlife. With the increase in the importance of economic, social, and aesthetic, values of wildlife comes the responsibility for wise management and use of these resources to ensure biodiversity and the continued wellbeing of the populations. We describe several ways in which ecotourists affect the behaviour, reproductive success, and population levels, of breeding and migratory birds in New Jersey — a heavily industrialized, coastal US state with a dense human population. We use several case-studies to illustrate the effects of ecotourists on birds: heronries, breeding Least Terns (Sterna antillarum), foraging Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) during the breeding season, migrant shorebirds and gulls at Caven Point and Delaware Bay, and migrant hawks at Cape May.

Type
Main Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Budowski, G. (1976). Tourism and environmental conservation: conflict, coexistence, or symbiosis? Environmental Conservation, 3, pp. 2731, 2 figs.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. (1979). Resource partitioning: nest site selection in mixed species colonies of herons, egrets and ibises. Amer. Midi. Natl., 101, pp. 191210, 6 figs and 6 tables.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. (1984). Colony stability in Least Terns. Condor, 86, pp. 61–7, fig. and 5 tables.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. (1986). The effect of human activity on shorebirds in two Coastal bays in Northeastern United States. Environmental Conservation, 13, pp. 123–30 (11 figs and 3 tables).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. (1987). Physical and social determinants of nest site selection in Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) in New Jersey. Condor, 89, pp. 811–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. (1988). Effect of demolition and beach clean-up on birds on a coastal bay. Estuaries, 27, pp. 97108.Google Scholar
Burger, J. (1989). Least Tern populations in coastal New Jersey: monitoring and management of a regionally-endangered species. J. Coast. Research., 5, pp. 801–11.Google Scholar
Burger, J. (1990 a). Least Tern and Black Skimmer Survey 1990. Report to NJ Department of Environmental Protection (Endangered and Non-game Species Program), Trenton, NJ, USA: 14 pp.Google Scholar
Burger, J. (1990 b). Foraging Behavior and Habitat Use of Piping Plover in New Jersey. Report to NJ Department of Environmental Protection (Endangered and Non-game Species Program), Trenton, NJ, USA: 19 pp.Google Scholar
Burger, J. (1991). Foraging behavior and the effect of human disturbance on the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). J. Coastal Research, 7, pp. 3952.Google Scholar
Burger, J. & Galli, A. (1987). Factors affecting distribution of gulls (Larus spp.) on two New Jersey coastal bays. Environmental Conservation, 14, 5965 (8 figs and 4 tables).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1981). Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating Herring and Great Black-backed Gulls. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 95, pp. 676–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1983). Behavioural responses to human intruders of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) with varying exposure to human disturbance. Behavioral Proc, 8, pp. 327–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1990). The Black Skimmer: Social Dynamics of a Colonial Species. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, NY, USA: xvi + 355 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1991 a). Vigilance and feeding behavior in large feeding flocks of Laughing Gulls, Larus atricilla, on Delaware Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 32, pp. 207–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1991 b). Human activity influence and diurnal and nocturnal foraging of Sanderlings (Calidris alba). Condor, 93, pp. 259–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1991 c). Human disturbance and birds: tolerance and response distance of resident and migrant species in India. Environmental Conservation, 18, pp. 158–65 (fig. and 7 tables).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, J. & Olla, B.L. (Eds) (1984). Behavior of Marine Organisms: Shorebirds: Migration and Foraging Behavior. Plenum Press, New York, NY, USA: xiv + 329 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Clark, K. & Niles, L. (1986 a). Use of Three Delaware Bay Beaches by Migrant Shorebirds. Report to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Endangered and Non-game Species Program), Trenton, New Jersey, USA: 41 pp.Google Scholar
Clark, K. & Niles, L. (1986 b). Raptor Management on Higbee Beach Wildlife Management Area, Cape May, NJ (Abst.). In Ann. Meet. Raptor Res. Found., Gainesville, Florida, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Cooke, A.S. (1980). Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas. Biological Conservation, 18, pp. 85–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunne, P. & Clark, W.S. (1977). Fall Hawk Movement at Cape May Point, N.J., 1976 (Occ. Paper 130, New Jersey Audubon 3, pp. 114–24).Google Scholar
Filion, F.L., Parker, S. & Duwors, E. (1988). The Importance of Wildlife to Canadians. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: 46 pp.Google Scholar
Gustafson, M. (1986). Fall passerine banding project. Peregrine Observer, 8(1), pp. 79.Google Scholar
Humphrey, P.S., Livezey, B.C. & Siegel-Causey, D. (1987). Tameness of birds of the Falkland Islands, an index and preliminary results. Bird Behavior, 7, pp. 6772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, C.D. jr, Niles, L.J. & Wessel, J. (1990). Survey of Colonial Nesting Waterbirds on the Atlantic Coast of New Jersey, 1989. Report to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Endangered and Non-game Species Program), Trenton, New Jersey, USA: 18 pp.Google Scholar
Kell, W. & Niles, L. (1984). Higbee Beach Wildlife Management Area Management Plan. Unpublished plan submitted to Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, New Jersey, USA: 47 pp.Google Scholar
Kenchington, R.A. (1989). Tourism in the Galapagos Islands: the dilemma of conservation. Environmental Conservation, 16, pp. 227–32 and 235, illustr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerlinger, P. (1989). Flight Strategies of Migrating Raptors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA: xi + 375 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Krohn, W.B., Rieffenberger, J.C. & Ferrigno, F. (1977). Fall migration of woodcock at Cape May, New Jersey. J. Wildl. Manage., 41, pp. 104–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehman, P. (1989). Point / counterpoint: Yellow Rails: birding ethics and the law. Birding, 21, pp. 305–8.Google Scholar
Lemmetyinen, R. (1971). Nest defense behavior of Common and Arctic Terns and its effect on the success achieved by predators. Ornis Fenn., 48, pp. 1324.Google Scholar
Lemmetyinen, R. (1972). Nest defense behaviour in the Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) towards stuffed nest predators on Spitsbergen. Rep. Kevo Subarctic Res. Stat., 9, pp. 2831.Google Scholar
Niles, L.J. & Clark, K.E. (1989). Prey management for migrating raptors. Pp. 154–61 in Proc. Northeast Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. Natl. Wildl. Fed., Washington, DC USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. (1973). A species-meaningful analysis of habituation. Pp. 141–62 in Habituation (Eds Peeke, H.V.S. & Herz, M.J.). Academic Press, New York, NY, USA: 290 pp., illustr.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
US Department of the Interior (1989). 1985 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-associated Recreation. US Dept of the Interior, US Fish and Wildl. Serv., Washington, DC, USA: vi + 81 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Usher, M.B., Pitt, M. & Deboer, G. (1974). Recreational pressures in the summer months on a Nature Reserve on the Yorkshire Coast, England. Environmental Conservation, pp. 43–9 (4 figs and 8 tables).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedner, D. & Kerlinger, P. (1990). Economics of birding: a national survey of active birders. American Birds, 44, pp. 209–13.Google Scholar
Westergaard, B. (1987). New Jersey: A Guide to the State. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: xi + 407 pp., illustr.Google Scholar