Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:46:27.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE MARCHANTIOPHYTA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2009

B. Crandall-Stotler ,
R. E. Stotler  and
D. G. Long
B. Crandall-Stotler
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
R. E. Stotler
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
D. G. Long
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Input from molecular phylogenetics in the past five years has substantially altered concepts of systematic relationships among liverworts. While these studies have confirmed the monophyly of phylum Marchantiophyta, they have demonstrated that many previously recognised ranks within the hierarchy are unnatural and in need of modification. Changes in the ranks of suborder and above have been proposed by various workers, but modifications in the circumscription of genera and families are still required. A comprehensive, phylogenetic classification scheme that integrates morphological data with molecular hypotheses is presented. The scheme includes diagnoses and publication citations for all names above the rank of genus. All currently recognised genera are listed alphabetically in their respective families; subfamilies are not indicated. Major modifications and novel alignments of taxa are thoroughly discussed, with pertinent references provided. Jungermanniaceae is redefined and Solenostomataceae fam. nov. is formally described to accommodate some of the genera excluded from it.

Keywords

Classification schemefamily diagnosesliverworts
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 155 - 198
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahonen, I. (2004). Molecular phylogeny of the liverwort order Porellales (Marchantiophyta, Jungermanniopsida). In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 168–202. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Ahonen, I., Muona, J. & Piippo, S. (2003). Inferring the phylogeny of the Lejeuneaceae (Jungermanniopsida): A first appraisal of molecular data. Bryologist 106: 297–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew-Began, S. E. (1991). A morphogenetic re-evaluation of Haplomitrium Nees (Hepatophyta). Bryophyt. Biblioth. 41: 1–297 + 508 figs.Google Scholar
Bischler, H. (1998). Systematics and evolution of the genera of the Marchantiales. Bryophyt. Biblioth. 51: 1–201.Google Scholar
Boisselier-Dubayle, M.-C., Lambourdière, J. & Bischler, H. (2002). Molecular phylogenies support multiple morphological reductions in the liverwort subclass Marchantiidae (Bryophyta). Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 24: 66–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bower, F. O. (1890). On antithetic as distinct from homologous alternation of generations in plants. Ann. Bot. 4: 347–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. H. (1891). On the relationships of the Archegoniata. Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 16: 323–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carothers, Z. B. (1973). Studies of spermatogenesis in the Hepaticae. IV. On the blepharoplast of Blasia. Amer. J. Bot. 60: 819–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavers, F. (1910–1911). The inter-relationships of the bryophytes. I–XI. New Phytol. 9 (1910): 81–112; 157–186; 196–234; 269–304; 341–353; 10 (1911): 1–46; 84–86. [New Phytol. Repr. 4: 1–203 (1911).]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, A. H. (1919). Thalassiophyta and the subaerial transmigration. Bot. Mem. 3: 1–95.Google Scholar
Corda, A. J. C. (1829). Genera Hepaticarum. In: Opiz, P. M. (ed.) Naturalientausch [12] Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte, pp. 643–655. Prag: C.W. Enders. [Reprinted in Ann. Bryol. 10: 9–15 (1937).]Google Scholar
Crandall-Stotler, B. & Stotler, R. (2000). Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta. In: Shaw, A. J. & Goffinet, B. (eds) Bryophyte Biology, pp. 21–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crandall-Stotler, B. J. & Stotler, R. E. (2007). On the identity of Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche (Moerckiaceae fam. nov., Marchantiophyta). Nova Hedwigia Beih. 131: 41–59.Google Scholar
Crandall-Stotler, B., Furuki, T. & Iwatsuki, Z. (1994). The developmental anatomy of Mizutania riccardioides Furuki & Iwatsuki, an exotic liverwort from southeast Asia. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 75: 243–255.Google Scholar
Crandall-Stotler, B. J., Forrest, L. L. & Stotler, R. E. (2005). Evolutionary trends in the simple thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta, Jungermanniopsida subclass Metzgeriidae). Taxon 54: 299–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crandall-Stotler, B. J., Stotler, R. E. & Long, D. G. (2008 [‘2009’]). Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta. In: Goffinet, B. & Shaw, A. J. (eds) Bryophyte Biology, 2nd edition, pp. 1–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, C. (2004). A molecular phylogeny of leafy liverworts (Jungermanniidae, Marchantiophyta). In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 61–86. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
De Roo, R. T., Hedderson, T. A. & Söderström, L. (2007). Molecular insights into the phylogeny of the leafy liverwort family Lophoziaceae Cavers. Taxon 56: 301–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duckett, J. G., Carafa, A. & Ligrone, R. (2006). A highly differentiated glomeromycotean association with the mucilage-secreting, primitive antipodean liverwort Treubia (Treubiaceae): clues to the origins of mycorrhizas. Amer. J. Bot. 93: 797–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumortier, B. C. (1822). Commentationes Botanicae. Tournay: Ch. Casterman-Dien.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumortier, B. C. (1835). Recueil d'Observations sur les Jungermanniaceés, Fascicule I. Révision des genres. Tournay: J.-A. Blanquart.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endlicher, S. (1841). Enchiridion Botanicum. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.Google Scholar
Engel, J. J. (1988). The taxonomic position of Apotomanthus (Hepaticae). Beih. Nova Hedwigia 90: 203–221.Google Scholar
Engel, J. J. & Braggins, J. E. (2005). Are Mylia and Trabacellula (Hepaticae) related? Unsuspected links revealed by cell wall morphology, with the transfer of Mylia anomala to a new genus (Leiomylia J.J. Engel & Braggins) of Jungermanniaceae. Taxon 54: 665–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J. J. & Glenny, D. (2007). Austral Hepaticae 43. Castanoclobos, a new genus of Trichocoleaceae from New Zealand. Novon 17: 424–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J. J. & Heinrichs, J. (2008). Studies of New Zealand Hepaticae. 39. Dinckleria Trevis., an older name for Proskauera Heinrichs and J.J. Engel. Cryptog. Bryol. 29: 193–194.Google Scholar
Engel, J. J. & Schuster, R. M. (1984). An overview and evaluation of the genera of Geocalycaceae subfamily Lophocoleoideae (Hepaticae). Nova Hedwigia 39: 385–463.Google Scholar
Engel, J. J. & Merrill, G. L. S. (1998). Austral Hepaticae XXV. Krunodiplophyllum Grolle and a revision of the Australasian species of Diplophyllum (Dum.) Dum. (Scapaniaceae, Jungermanniales). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 84: 241–283.Google Scholar
Evans, A. W. (1906). Hepaticae of Puerto Rico. VI. Cheilolejeunea, Rectolejeunea, Cystolejeunea, and Pycnolejeunea. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 1–25 + pl. 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, A. W. (1939). The classification of the Hepaticae. Bot. Rev. 5: 49–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrest, L. L., Crandall-Stotler, B. J. & Freire, A. V. (2003). A molecular phylogeny of the simple thalloid liverwort family Fossombroniaceae (Marchantiophyta) as inferred from the chloroplast genes rps4, trnL and rbcL. In: Bot. Soc. Amer., Abstr., Botany 2003, ‘The Annual Meeting of Four Professional Societies, Botanical Society of America, Mobile, AL’, p. 17. [Abstr.]Google Scholar
Forrest, L. L., Davis, E. C., Long, D. G., Stotler, R. E. & Crandall-Stotler, B. J. (2005). A molecular re-evaluation of diversity within Haplomitrium Nees (Marchantiophyta). In: Botany 2005. Scientific Meeting [Amer. Bryol. Lichenol. Soc.], August 13–17, 2005, Austin, Texas, p. 28. [Abstr.]Google Scholar
Forrest, L. L., Davis, E. C., Long, D. G., Crandall-Stotler, B. J., Clark, A. & Hollingsworth, M. L. (2006). Unraveling the evolutionary history of the liverworts (Marchantiophyta): Multiple taxa, genomes and analysis. Bryologist 109: 303–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, W. & Stech, M. (2005). A morpho-molecular classification of the liverworts (Hepaticophytina, Bryophyta). Nova Hedwigia 81: 55–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, W. & Stech, M. (2008). New suprageneric taxa of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and mosses (Bryophyta). Nova Hedwigia 87: 261–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuki, T. & Dalton, P. J. (2008). Vandiemenia ratkowskiana Hewson (Marchantiophyta): A revised description and reassessment of its taxonomic status. J. Bryol. 30: 48–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garbary, D. J., Renzaglia, K. S. & Duckett, J. G. (1993). The phylogeny of land plants: a cladistic analysis based on male gametogenesis. Pl. Syst. Evol. 188: 237–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goebel, K. (1910). Archegoniatenstudien. XIII. Monosolenium tenerum Griffith. Flora 101: 43–97.Google Scholar
Goebel, K. (1930). Organographie der Pflanzen, 3rd edition. Jena: G. Fischer.Google Scholar
Gottsche, C. M., Lindenberg, J. B. G. & Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1844–1847). Synopsis Hepaticarum. Hamburg: Meissner.Google Scholar
Gradstein, S. R. & Váňa, J. (1999). On the taxonomy of Kymatocalyx and Stenorrhipis (Cephaloziellaceae). Haussknechtia Beih. 9: 155–170.Google Scholar
Gray, S. F. (1821). A Natural Arrangement of British Plants. London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy.Google Scholar
Grolle, R. (1965). Die Lebermoosgattungen Blepharidophyllum Ångstr. und Krunodiplophyllum nov. gen. (Scapaniaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 55–74.Google Scholar
Grolle, R. (1973). Lejeuneaceae Casares-Gil, Fl. Ibér., Hepát.: 703, Madrid. 1919; nom. cons. prop. Taxon 22: 504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grolle, R. & Long, D. G. (2000). An annotated check-list of the Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of Europe and Macaronesia. J. Bryol. 22: 103–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groth, H. (2005). Molecular phylogeny and morphological reconstructions of Plagiochilaceae (Jungermanniopsida) with hypotheses on biogeography and divergence times. PhD dissertation, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen.Google Scholar
Groth, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2003). Reinstatement of Chiastocaulon Carl (Plagiochilaceae), based on evidence from nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast gene rps4 sequences. Pl. Biol. 5: 615–622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groth, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2005). Maximum likelihood analyses of chloroplast gene rbcL sequences indicate relationships of Syzygiella (Jungermanniopsida) with Lophoziaceae rather than Plagiochilaceae. Cryptog. Bryol. 26: 49–57.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, J., Lindner, M. & Pócs, T. (2004). nrDNA internal transcribed spacer data reveal that Rhodoplagiochila R.M. Schust. (Jungermanniales, Marchantiophyta) is a member of Plagiochila sect. Arrectae Carl. Org. Divers. Evol. 4: 109–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrichs, J., Gradstein, S. R., Wilson, R. & Schneider, H. (2005). Towards a natural classification of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) based on the chloroplast gene rbcL. Cryptog. Bryol. 26: 131–150.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, J., Lindner, M., Groth, H., Hentschel, J., Feldberg, K., Renker, C., Engel, J. J., von Konrat, M., Long, D. G. & Schneider, H. (2006). Goodbye or welcome Gondwana? – insights into the phylogenetic biogeography of the leafy liverwort Plagiochila with a description of Proskauera, gen. nov. (Plagiochilaceae, Jungermanniales). Pl. Syst. Evol. 258: 227–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrichs, J., Hentschel, J., Wilson, R., Feldberg, K. & Schneider, H. (2007). Evolution of leafy liverworts (Jungermannniidae, Marchantiophyta): Estimating divergence times from chloroplast DNA sequences using penalized likelihood with integrated fossil evidence. Taxon 56: 31–44.Google Scholar
Hendry, T. A., Wang, B., Yang, Y., Davis, E. C., Braggins, J. E., Schuster, R. M. & Qiu, Y.-L. (2007). Evaluating phylogenetic positions of four liverworts from New Zealand, Neogrollea notabilis, Jackiella curvata, Goebelobryum unguiculatum and Herzogianthus vaginatus, using three chloroplast genes. Bryologist 110: 738–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hentschel, J., Wilson, R., Burghardt, M., Zündorf, H.-J., Schneider, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2006a). Reinstatement of Lophocoleaceae (Jungermanniopsida) based on chloroplast gene rbcL data: exploring the importance of female involucres for the systematics of Jungermanniales. Pl. Syst. Evol. 258: 211–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hentschel, J., Zündorf, H.-J., Hellwig, F. H., Schäfer-Verwimp, A. & Heinrichs, J. (2006b). Taxonomic studies in Chiloscyphus Corda (Jungermanniales: Lophocoleaceae) based on nrITS sequences and morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 262: 125–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hentschel, J., Zhu, R.-L., Long, D. G., Davison, P. G., Schneider, H., Gradstein, S. R. & Heinrichs, J. (2007a). A phylogeny of Porella (Porellaceae, Jungermannniopsida) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 45: 693–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hentschel, J., Paton, J. A., Schneider, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2007b). Acceptance of Liochlaena Nees and Solenostoma Mitt., the systematic position of Eremonotus Pearson and notes on Jungermannia L. s.l. (Jungermanniidae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 268: 147–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hentschel, J., Feldberg, K., Zündorf, H.-J., Hellwig, F. H., Schneider, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2007c). The systematic position of Pachyglossa and Clasmatocolea (Jungermanniopsida: Lophocoleaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences and morphology. Taxon 56: 1136–1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He-Nygrén, X. (2007). Multi-gene phylogeny supports single origin of jungermannioid perigynium. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 450–462.Google Scholar
He-Nygrén, X. & Piippo, S. (2003). Phylogenetic relationships of the generic complex Chiloscyphus–Lophocolea–Heteroscyphus (Geocalycaceae, Hepaticae): Insights from three chloroplast genes and morphology. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40: 317–329.Google Scholar
He-Nygrén, X., Ahonen, I., Juslén, A., Glenny, D. & Piippo, S. (2004). Phylogeny of liverworts – beyond a leaf and a thallus. In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 87–118. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
He-Nygrén, X., Juslén, A., Ahonen, I., Glenny, D. & Piippo, S. (2006). Illuminating the evolutionary history of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) – Towards a natural classification. Cladistics 22: 1–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heslewood, M. M. & Brown, E. A. (2007). A molecular phylogeny of the liverwort family Lepidoziaceae Limpr. in Australasia. Pl. Syst. Evol. 265: 193–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilkiu-Borges, A. L. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Echinocolea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae). Nova Hedwigia 80: 45–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, H. (1958). The family Plagiochilaceae of Japan and Formosa. I. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 19: 25–59.Google Scholar
Jussieu, A. L. de (1789). Genera Plantarum. Paris: Herissant & Barrois.Google Scholar
Klinggräff, H. E. M. von (1858). Die höheren Cryptogamen Preussens. Königsberg: W. Koch.Google Scholar
Kuwahara, Y. (1966). The family Metzgeriaceae in North and South East Asia, Pacific Oceania, Australia and New Zealand. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 34: 191–239.Google Scholar
Kuwahara, Y. (1978). Synopsis of the family Metzgeriaceae. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 44: 351–410.Google Scholar
Leitgeb, H. (1877). Untersuchungen über die Lebermoose. III. Die Frondosen Jungermannieen. Jena: O. Deistung's Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum, vol. 2. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii.Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Jia, Y., Wang, W., Chen, Z.-D., Davis, E. C. & Qiu, Y.-L. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships of two endemic genera from east Asia: Trichocoleopsis and Neotrichocolea (Hepaticae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 459–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, D. G. (2006). New higher taxa of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta – Marchantiopsida). Edinburgh J. Bot. 63: 257–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magill, R. E. (ed.) (1990). Glossarium Polyglottum Bryologiae. Monographs in Systematic Botany 33. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D. H., Prado, J., Silva, P. C., Skog, J. E., Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J. (eds) (2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Liechtenstein: Gantner Verlag, Ruggell [Regnum Veg. vol. 146].Google Scholar
Mizutani, M. (1961). A revision of Japanese Lejeuneaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 24: 115–302.Google Scholar
Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1833). Naturgeschichte der Europäischen Lebermoose, vol. 1. Berlin: August Rücker.Google Scholar
O'Hearn, A. & Crandall-Stotler, B. J. (2007). New findings on the apical organization and biology of the liverwort Pleurozia. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 100(Suppl.): 31–32. [Abstr.]Google Scholar
Pócs, T. (2006). Contributions to the bryoflora of Australia. II. On the Australasian ‘Tuyamaelloideae’ (Lejeuneaceae), with the description of Austrolejeunea occidentalis. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 99: 185–195.Google Scholar
Potemkin, A. D. (1999). Circumscription of the family Scapaniaceae, with segregation of the new family Diplophyllaceae (Hepaticae). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 36: 271–283.Google Scholar
Potemkin, A. D. (2002). Phylogenetic system and classification of the family Scapaniaceae Mig. emend. Potemkin (Hepaticae). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39: 309–334.Google Scholar
Raddi, G. (1808). Di alcune specie nuove e rare di piante crittogame ritrovate nei contorni di Firenze. Atti Accad. Sci. Siena 9: 230–240.Google Scholar
Raddi, G. (1818). Jungermanniografia Etrusca. [Preprinted from:] Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Mem. Fis. 18 [1820]: 14–56.Google Scholar
Reiner-Drehwald, M. E. (2005). On Amphilejeunea and Cryptogynolejeunea, two small genera of Lejeuneaceae (Jungermanniopsida), and two common neotropical Lejeunea species. Nova Hedwigia 81: 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiner-Drehwald, M. E. & Goda, A. (2000). Revision of the genus Crossotolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 89: 1–54.Google Scholar
Renzaglia, K. S., Duff, R. J., Ligrone, R., Shaw, J., Mishler, B. D. & Duckett, J. G. (2007). Bryophyte phylogeny: Advancing the molecular and morphological frontiers. Bryologist 110: 179–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salone, V., Rüdinger, M., Polsakiewicz, M., Hoffmann, B., Groth-Malonek, M., Szurek, B., Small, I., Knoop, V. & Lurin, C. A. (2007). A hypothesis on the identification of the editing enzyme in plant organelles. FEBS Lett. 581: 4132–4138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiffner, V. (1893). Hepaticae (Lebermoose) In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K., Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien I(3), pp. [3]–141. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. [Preprint published September 1893.]Google Scholar
Schill, D. B., Long, D. G., Moeller, M. & Squirrell, J. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships between Lophoziaceae and Scapaniaceae based on chloroplast sequences. In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 141–149. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
[Schljakov, R. N.] (1972). [On the higher taxa of liverworts – class Hepaticae s. str.] [Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad)] 57: 496–508. [Names and titles transliterated and translated from the Russian; In Russian, English summary.]Google Scholar
[Schljakov, R. N.] (1975). [Hepatics: Morphology, Phylogeny, Classification]. [Leningrad: Russian Acad. Sci.] [Names and titles transliterated and translated from the Russian; In Russian.]Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1960). Studies on Hepaticae. II. The new family Chaetophyllopsidaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 23: 68–76.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1966). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian, vol. I. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1967). A note on the genus Gymnocolea Dum. Bryologist 70: 111–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1969). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian, vol. II. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1971). Studies of antipodal Schistochilaceae and Scapaniaceae. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 14: 609–660.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1974a). Studies on antipodal Hepaticae XI. The Chaetophyllopsidaceae: Their taxonomy, phylogeny and phytogeographic affinities. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 17: 163–180.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1974b). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian, vol. III. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1984). Evolution, phylogeny and classification of the Hepaticae. In: Schuster, R. M. (ed.) New Manual of Bryology, vol. 2, pp. 892–1070. Nichinan: Hattori Botanical Laboratory.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1992). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian, vol. V. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1996). Studies on antipodal Hepaticae. XII. Gymnomitriaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 80: 1–147.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (1999). Studies on Jungermanniidae. IV. On Scapaniaceae, Blepharidophyllaceae and Delavayellaceae. J. Bryol. 21: 123–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuster, R. M. (2002). Austral Hepaticae. Part II. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 119: 1–606.Google Scholar
Shaw, A. J. & Renzaglia, K. S. (2004). Diversity and diversification of bryophytes. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 1557–1581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimamura, M., Mineyuki, Y. & Deguchi, H. (2003). A review of the occurrence of monoplastidic meiosis in liverworts. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 94: 179–186.Google Scholar
So, M. L. (2002). Metzgeria (Hepaticae) in Australasia and the Pacific. New Zealand J. Bot. 40: 603–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stafleu, F. A., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hiepko, P., Linczevski, I. A., McVaugh, R., Meikle, R. D., Rollins, R. C., Ross, R., Schoff, J. M. & Voss, E. G. (1978). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Adopted by the Twelfth International Botanical Congress, Leningrad, July 1975. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema [Regnum Veg. vol. 97].Google Scholar
Stotler, R. E. & Crandall-Stotler, B. J. (2008). Correct author citations for some upper rank names of liverworts (Marchantiophyta). Taxon 57: 289–292.Google Scholar
Tsubota, H. & Deguchi, H. (2004). Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Jungermanniidae based on rbcL sequences, with special reference to Mizutania riccardioides. In: Gradstein, S. R., Heinrichs, J. & Wilson, R. (orgs.) Bryophylogeny 2004. 10–12 September. Second International Symposium on Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, p. 7. Göttingen: Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences. [Abstr.]Google Scholar
Váňa, J. (1973). Studien über die Jungermannioideae (Hepaticae). 1. Allgemeine Charakteristik. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 181–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Váňa, J. (1976). Studien über die Jungermannioideae (Hepaticae). 10. Nardia. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 367–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Váňa, J. (1996). Notes on the Jungermanniineae of the world. Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 67: 99–107.Google Scholar
Váňa, J. (1999). Notes on the genus Marsupella s. lat. (Gymnomitriaceae, Hepaticae) 1–10. Infrageneric taxa. Bryobrothera 5: 221–229.Google Scholar
Váňa, J. & Gremmen, N. (2005). Hepatics of Heard Island. Cryptog. Bryol. 26: 79–90.Google Scholar
Wheeler, J. A. (2000). Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of the Marchantioid liverwort radiation. Bryologist 103: 314–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickett, N. J. & Goffinet, B. (2008). Origin and relationships of the myco-heterotrophic liverwort Cryptothallus mirabilis Malmb. (Metzgeriales, Marchantiophyta). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 156: 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R., Gradstein, S. R., Heinrichs, J., Groth, H., Ilkiu-Borges, A. & Hartmann, F. A. (2004). Phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae: A cladistic analysis of chloroplast gene rbcL sequences and morphology with preliminary comments on the mitochondrial nad4-2 spacer region. In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 189–202. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Wilson, R., Gradstein, S. R., Schneider, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2007a). Unravelling the phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae (Jungermanniopsida): Evidence for four main lineages. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 453: 270–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R., Heinrichs, J., Hentschel, J., Gradstein, S. R. & Schneider, H. (2007b). Steady diversification of derived liverworts under Tertiary climatic fluctuations. Biol. Lett. 3: 566–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winkler, S. (1969). Systematisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über die marsupialen Lebermoose der Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Kolumbien. Mitt. Inst. Colombo-Aleman Invest. Ci. ‘Punta de Betin’ 3: 59–76.Google Scholar
Yatsentyuk, S. P., Konstantinova, N. A., Ignotov, M. S., Hyvönen, J. & Troitsky, A. V. (2004). On phylogeny of Lophoziaceae and related families (Hepaticae, Jungermanniales) based on trnL-trnF intron-spacer sequences of chloroplast DNA. In: Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V. & Magill, R. (eds) Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes, pp. 150–167. Monographs in Systematic Botany 98. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Zhu, R.-L. & Cheng, X. F. (2008). The status of Amblyolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae) from Ecuador and Guadeloupe. Syst. Bot. 33: 617–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, R.-L. & Grolle, R. (2003). On the genus Capillolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) from the East African Islands. Syst. Bot. 28: 467–470.Google Scholar