Puccinia Prostii, Moug., a micro-Puccinia developing pycnidia and teleutospores only, was first recorded for this country by Massee (1913), who stated that it occurred on cultivated tulips; but neither the date nor the locality is mentioned. Saccardo (1888) and Sydow (1904) state that the fungus occurs in Italy and France on two species of Tulipa, T. sylvestris, Linn., and T. Celsiana, DC. (T. australis, Link.).

A copy of Mr Marrat's paper “On the Fossil Ferns in the Ravenhead Collection” having come into my hands, I was led to visit the Liverpool Free Public Museum in 1886, and again in 1887, with the object of examining this interesting collection, and while doing so I received every assistance from Mr Thomas J. Moore, the Curator, and Mr F. P. Marrat, to whom I take this opportunity of expressing my indebtedness for the many kindnesses I received while studying the Ravenhead plants. I have further the pleasure of acknowledging the privilege accorded me by the Museum Committee, through the kind offices of the Rev. H. H. Higgins, which allowed me to have a number of specimens sent to Stirling, where I could more advantageously examine them than in the Museum, where the literature of the subject is limited.

In a recent publication on the cyclic variations of the vascular architecture of the uterus of the guinea-pig (1940) we recorded that antimesometric hypersemia is a regular and essential characteristic of the uterine changes which occur during heat, and commented on its significance as a factor influencing antimesometric implantation in this animal.

A natural sequel to this work was to acquire additional evidence for our conclusions by the experimental production of antimesometric hyperæmia in the uterus of the spayed guinea-pig following treatment by injection of ovarian hormones; such evidence to be of value demands that the antimesometric hyperæmia so produced should be comparable to that of normal heat.

The present paper is the third of a series of researches on the anatomy of the lower Dicotyledons undertaken with the object of seeing what, if any, aid anatomy might give in determining the point of origin of the so-called Monocotyledons. It deals more especially with the anatomical and histological peculiarities of the stem of the Calycanthaceæ.

Documented evidence of fungi associated with Mesozoic ferns is exceedingly rare. Three different types of fungal remains occur in a portion of a small, permineralised fern stem of uncertain systematic affinities from the Triassic of Germany. Exquisite preservation of all internal tissues made it possible to map the spatial distribution of the fungi in several longitudinal and transverse sections. Narrow, intracellular hyphae extend through the entire cortex, while wide hyphae are concentrated in the cortical intercellular system adjacent to the stele and leaf traces. Hyphal swellings occur in the phloem and adjacent cortex, while moniliform hyphae (or chains of conidia) are present exclusively in parenchyma adjacent to the stele. No host response is recognisable, but host tissue preservation suggests that the fern was alive during fungal colonisation. The highest concentration of fungal remains occurs close to the stele and leaf traces, suggesting that the fungi either utilised the vascular tissues as an infection/colonisation pathway or extracted nutrients from these tissues. This study presents the first depiction of fungal distribution throughout a larger portion of a fossil plant. Although distribution maps are useful tools in assessing fungal associations in relatively small, fossil plants, preparing similar maps for larger and more complex fossils would certainly be difficult and extremely arduous.

Petrological investigations of granite commonly reveal multiple periods of growth punctuated by resorption for many of the constituent minerals. Complementary to such textures are mineral compositional heterogeneity manifested by zoning or grain to grain variability. These features ultimately reflect changes in the intensive parameters or activities of components during melt solidification. Such complexities of granite crystallisation can be simultaneously modelled in a reaction space constructed from the set of linearly independent reactions describing the equilibria among all phases and components in the system of interest.

The topology of the linearly independent reactions that define the reaction space for garnetmuscovite-biotite granites yields the following insights: (1) there is no one unique reaction that produces or consumes aluminous minerals (e.g. garnet); (2) minerals can alternate as reactants or products in different reactions accounting for textures indicating multiple periods of crystallisation separated by resorption; (3) mineral compositions are regulated by the reaction(s) producing them and vary as the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) producing them varies; (4) resorption of early crystallising garnet is likely to reflect decreasing pressure, presumably during magma ascent; (5) late crystallisation of garnet, at the expense of biotite, reflects an increase in melt aluminosity and does not necessarily require high Mn activities for the melt and (6) increasing melt H2O, at H2Oundersaturated conditions, favours the formation of biotite–muscovite granite.

Application of the reaction space method to other granite types holds considerable promise for elucidating reactions that regulate mineral assemblages and compositions during crystallisation.

Mr J. Innes Wilson of Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, during the whaling-season of 1916–17 paid a visit to the South Shetland Islands and Palmer Archipelago. He collected specimens of rocks and minerals from Deception Island, Roberts Island, Trinity Island, and the coast bordering the Gerlache Channel, which were transmitted to the Colonial Office by the Governor, Sir William Douglas Young. It is with the kind permission of the Undersecretary of State for the Colonies that I am allowed to submit some account of Mr Innes Wilson's interesting and important collection.

A new genus of pentameride brachiopod, Costilamnulella, described herein from the middle Ashgill of Sweden, is particularly interesting in that the ventral valve possesses both an interarea and a palintrope. Brachiopods normally have one or the other, but both structures do occur amongst the pentamerides, e.g. in Clorinda, Anastrophia and Brevilamnulella. The presence of these structures in three separate pentameride families indicates the persistence of the more primitive condition of an interarea whilst the more advanced palintrope is becoming established. Costilamnulella is interpreted as a restricted side line of the main development of the more widely occurring Brevilamnulella, which survived the end-Ordovician event and may have shared its ancestry with the ubiquitous Clorinda.

The limestone to be described occurs in two separate areas (fig. 1)—one in Lower Deeside around Banchory, another in Middle Deeside around Aboyne. The whole of the Banchory and a large part of the Aboyne outcrops provide limestone types in a high grade of regional metamorphism (the associated schists contain sillimanite). In the latter outcrop the limestone has undergone thermal metamorphism at the contacts with Newer Granite intrusions. Many of the resulting hornfelses have suffered hydrothermal alterations with development of prehnite and zeolites. Newer Granite pegmatites, intruded at the time of hornfelsing, share in this hornfelsing and later hydrothermal modifications. In addition, they exercise exopneumatolytic and exohydrothermal metamorphism. Quite local metamorphisms take place at hornblende-schist and Older Granite contacts.

The specimens here described were collected by Professor J. W. Gregory in Angola, and belong to the series described in the paper by him on the geology of that country.

The horizon of the beds from which the limestone was obtained is Albian.

The specimens are of a yellowish pisolitic limestone. In hand specimens the weathered surface has a warty appearance—the diameter of each knob being about 1 cm. A fractured surface shows circular forms varying in size and having decided concentric markings. These concentric markings are, however, less evident in microscopic sections, and this is probably due to the effects of preservation. A similar case has been described by Mr H. Yabe, where the genus Metasolenopora is affected in this way. These circular forms make up the greater part of the rock, and are cemented together by a fine calcareous paste in which are fragments of shell and quartz grains, with occasional grains of other minerals, such as felspar and muscovite. The specimens of limestone examined varied to some extent in texture, some being more compact, and even slightly siliceous, but the contained organisms are present in similar amounts regardless of the texture of the rock.

Understanding the effects of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the British Isles is essential for the assessment of past and future sea-level trends. GIA has been extensively examined in the literature, employing different research methods and observational data types. Geological evidence from palaeo-shorelines and undisturbed sedimentary deposits has been used to reconstruct long-term relative sea-level change since the Last Glacial Maximum. This information derived from sea-level index points has been employed to inform empirical isobase models of the uplift in Scotland using trend surface and Gaussian trend surface analysis, as well as to calibrate more theory-driven GIA models that rely on Earth mantle rheology and ice sheet history. Furthermore, current short-term rates of GIA-induced crustal motion during the past few decades have been measured using different geodetic techniques, mainly continuous GPS (CGPS) and absolute gravimetry (AG). AG-measurements are generally employed to increase the accuracy of the CGPS estimates. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) looks promising as a relatively new technique to measure crustal uplift in the northern parts of Great Britain, where the GIA-induced vertical land deformation has its highest rate. This literature review provides an in-depth comparison and discussion of the development of these different research approaches.

This study aims to evaluate the tectonic activities of the Vark basin, located in the great basin of Dez River in northwestern Iran, using geomorphologic indices combined with the geographical information system technique. Some geomorphic indices were used to achieve this aim. In this regard, the indices of stream length (SL), drainage asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor ratio (Vf), basin shape (Bs), and mountain sinuosity (Smf) were estimated to reach an average index of relative tectonics (Iat), indicating the intensity classes of tectonic activity. The mean SL, Hi, Vf, and Bs values were estimated as 2273, 0.55, 0.45, and 1.75, respectively, regarding the active class of tectonic activity. Therefore, considering the Af and Smf indices with values of 27 and 1.14, the basin was categorised as having semi-active conditions. The overall Iat, with a value of 1.33, represented the very high class (1.0 < Iat < 1.5) of tectonic activity. Hence, by calculating the index of relative active tectonics, the study area is observed as the intensive class concerning tectonic movements. Overall, the mean values of the Iat for all sub-basins were calculated as 1.50, 1.17, and 1.83, revealing the very high and high classes of active tectonics in the basin. The results obtained on tectonic activity were further confirmed during field observations by examining the structurally complex joints, folds, slips, faults, and fractures of the area, which reflect the dynamic nature of the regional tectonics.

The Coal Measures of the South Wales Coal Field fall into three well-marked divisions:—

I. The Upper Pennant or Upper Penllergare Series.

II. The Lower Pennant Series.

III. The White Ash Series.

In 1885 I paid a visit to this Coal Field, with the object of studying its Fossil Flora, hoping by this means to ascertain the relative position of the Welsh Coal Measures to those of the other Coal Fields of Britain.

The highly specialised features of the Compositæ leave little room for doubt that the family is an advanced one, and it is not without significance that the vast majority of its species should be herbaceous plants; shrubby species are infrequent, while trees are of the rarest occurrence. The markedly herbaceous habit is further emphasised if attention is confined to the large and widespread genus Senecio, comprising over 2000 species, for, although they include plants of very diverse habit, few attain to tree dimensions, or possess a well-developed, perennial, woody trunk. Herbs or shrubs account for 99 per cent, of the species, the former greatly predominating. The remainder comprises a small group of about 20 species, which have assumed the arborescent habit.

That there must be a medium forming a continuous material communication throughout space to the remotest visible body is a fundamental assumption in the undulatory Theory of Light. Whether or not this medium is (as appears to me most probable) a continuation of our own atmosphere, its existence is a fact that cannot be questioned, when the overwhelming evidence in favour of the undulatory theory is considered; and the investigation of its properties in every possible way becomes an object of the greatest interest. A first question would naturally occur, What is the absolute density of the luminiferous ether in any part of space? I am not aware of any attempt having hitherto been made to answer this question, and the present state of science does not in fact afford sufficient data. It has, however, occurred to me that we may assign an inferior limit to the density of the luminiferous medium in interplanetary space by considering the mechanical value of sunlight as deduced in preceding communications to the Royal Society from Pouillet's data on solar radiation, and Joule's mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit.

Plant miospore assemblages obtained from eight beds of the Foulden sequence, ranging from Bed 1 to Bed 17, are basically similar to each other in stratigraphical significance. The presence of Convolutispora circumvallata, Crassispora trychera and Schopfltes claviger and the absence of Lycospora pusilla suggest assignment to the Schopfites claviger-Auroraspora macra (CM) Biozone. This indicates the Courceyan Stage of the British Dinantian and the late Tournaisian (Tn3) of the Belgian Series. Comparable miospore assemblages have been described from Cementstone Group localities elsewhere in Berwickshire, East Lothian, Ayrshire and northern England. Preservation, and lack of marine palynomorphs and scolecodonts, suggest non-marine deposition. The presence of vitrinite fragments and megaspores as well as miospore tetrads suggests little transport before deposition.

It is held by many that the body temperature shows certain fixed diurnal and seasonal variations which cannot be accounted for by the action of the various influences, such as muscular exercise, ingestion of food, sleep, etc., which are known to affect the rate of heat production and heat loss. These variations are believed to be associated with corresponding changes in the tissue activities, and to a large extent to be independent of environmental conditions.

Some time ago, at the request of Professor Ewart, I undertook an examination of the skull and visceral skeleton of the Greenland shark, Læmargus microcephalus. This I readily consented to do, not only because no attempt had yet been made to describe these structures in this shark, but because they claim careful consideration in view of the recent work by Professor Ewart on the cranial nerves of Elasmobranchs.

In this paper I shall endeavour, without entering into too much detail, to point out some of the more salient features of the skull and visceral skeleton of Læmargus, and to compare them with those of other Elasmobranchs where that seems necessary.

I have made preparations of the above-named structures from the heads of several specimens of Læmargus. The sharks from which the heads were taken were of various sizes, the smallest being about six feet in length, and the largest twelve. As might have been expected, the skeletal parts of these heads are very similar to each other, but I have noticed among the few specimens I have examined points of difference, which make me wish I had a larger number of preparations at my disposal, to enable me to decide the more usual conditions.

Oxroadopteris parvus gen. et sp. nov. is described from a single incomplete curved stem, 12 cm long and 8 mm diameter, having a cylindrical exarch protostele and sparganum outer cortex. Attached are 8 incomplete bifurcate petioles in probably 2/5 phyllotaxy. Each petiole has a swollen base with sclerotic nests. Petiole lengths increase upwards. Each petiolar trace is small, U-shaped in cross-section, bipolar, and divides to form similar smaller bundles in two secondary rachises.

The greater part of Kintyre is composed of metamorphic rocks. For the study of these rocks it is convenient to divide the peninsula into three separate areas as follows:—

A. Northern Kintyre.

B. The south-western corner of the peninsula.

C. A triangular area stretching from Campbeltown Loch southward (fig. 1).

A. With the exception of a few isolated patches of Palæozoic sandstones, conglomerates, and lavas, and igneous rocks of several ages, Northern Kintyre is composed of sedimentary schists and grits, metamorphic limestones, and schistose igneous rocks which, as a rule, are associated with the limestones.