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XIII.—Contributions to the Craniology of the People of the Empire of India.— Part IV.: Bhīls, Frontier Tribes of Burma, Pakôkku Tribes, South Shan Tribes, Tibetans.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2012
Extract
In continuation of my studies on the Craniology of the people of the Empire of India, of which three parts have already been published in the Transactions of the Society, I propose in Part IV. to give an account of the Bhīls, a wild tribe occupying the jungle in some districts of Central India; also skulls of some of the frontier tribes of Burma from the Chin Hills to the South Shan States, with some supplementary observations on the skulls of Tibetans. The skulls are preserved in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh.
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- Research Article
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- Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , 1913 , pp. 705 - 734
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- Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1913
References
page 705 note * Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1875, part 1, p. 347, vol. xliv.
page 706 note * Trans. Roy. Asiatic Soc., 1. 88.
page 706 note † Census of India, p. 162, 1901; and more fully in the Ethnographical Survey of the Central India Agency, Monograph No. 2, “Jungle Tribes of Malwa,” Lucknow, 1909, with numerous plates.
page 707 note * The groups and subgroups are the arrangement in the Catalogue of Crania in the Anatomical Museum.
page 708 note * Reports of Pathological Laboratory of Lunacy Department, vol. i., part iii., 1908, Sydney.
page 708 note † The nasio-malar index is obtained by the formula
Index below l06 is platyopic, flat-faced profile; pro-opic, projecting profile, above 110; mesopic, between 106 and 110.
page 709 note * See ProfessorWaldeyer's, memoir, Der processus retromastoideus, etc., Berlin, 1909Google Scholar, and my memoir on the Skeleton of the Aborigines of Tasmania, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlvii, p. 413, pl. i. fig. 4, 1910.
page 709 note † See my memoir, “Craniology of People of Scotland,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl., part iii., 1903.
page 709 note ‡ 
page 709 note § 
page 709 note ║ Partially in Challenger Report, Zoology, part xxix., 1884. More fully in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlv., p. 304, 1906, and p. 817, 1907; vol. xlvi. p. 399, 1908; vol. xlvii, p. 419, 1910. In the memoir on the natives of Madras, 1906, I compared these measurements and proportions with those obtained from the crania of several other races.
page 710 note * Zool., Challenger Exp., part xxix. p. 126, 1884.
page 711 note * For the reasons given in my previous memoirs I use the term metriocephalic, expressing moderate relative height, in preference to that of orthocephalic employed by many craniologists.
page 711 note † Revue d'Anthropologie, 1875 and 1876.
page 712 note * Natural History Review, October 1862.
page 712 note † Bericht ueber die Zusammenkunft einiger Anthropologen, Leipzig, 1861.
page 712 note ‡ Thesaurus Craniorum, 1867; Supplement, 1875; also in Crania Britannica.
page 712 note § Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. i. p. 60.
page 712 note ║ “Variations of the Human Skull,” Trans. Roy. Soc., London, 1869.
page 712 note ¶ Zool. Challenger Exp., part xxix., 1884.
page 713 note * Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlv. p. 302, 1906; also p. 816, 1907; vol. xlvi. p. 396, 1908; vol. xlvii. p. 418, 1910.
page 713 note † In my paper on Pithecanthropus erectus, Journ. of Anat. and Phys., vol. xxix., 1895, I suggested the nasiotentorial plane of section.
page 715 note * Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlvi., part ii., 1908, and vol, xlvii., part iii., 1910.
page 718 note * Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlvii, p. 448, 1910.
page 719 note * Upper Burma and Shan States Gazetteer, vol. i. part i., p. 3, Rangoon, 1900.
page 720 note * Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxix., 1899.
page 720 note † Upper Burma and Shan States Gazetteer, part i., vol. i., Rangoon, 1900.
page 722 note * See my memoir, “The Craniology of the People of Scotland,” in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl. p. 599, 1903.
page 722 note † Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxix., part iii., 1899.
page 723 note * The term Myelat, i.e. Middle Country, is applied to Pakôkku and neighbouring districts, which form the middle part of Burma, at the limits of Upper and Lower Burma. The population of Pakôkku is stated (Gazetteer, vol. B) as about 360,000 in 1901, of which the Burmese numbered 341,360, the Chins 6535, the Taungthas 5701.
page 723 note † Hill Tribes of Chittagong, 1869.
page 727 note * I wish to express my thanks to Captain Macgregor and Captain Augustine not only for the skulls but for the notes which accompanied them; also for drawing my attention to the Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, in which I have been able to obtain additional information regarding the distribution, appearance and habits of the people whose skulls had been collected.
page 728 note * Report on Administration of Shan States, 1889, 1890, and 1892–93.
page 730 note * See my memoir, “Craniology of People of Scotland,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl., part iii., 1903.
page 731 note * Report on the Expedition to Western Yunan via Bhamô, Calcutta, 1871.
page 731 note † Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlv., part ii., p. 288, 1906.
page 731 note ‡ Idem, vol. xlv., part iii., p. 812, 1907.
page 732 note * No. 5 in the Museum Catalogue, also sent by Lieut. Bailey from Gyantse, is only a skull-cap; it had probably formed the half of a praying drum. It was said to be a Khamba; from its length and breadth the skull to which it had belonged was probably dolichocephalic. See Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlv. p. 815, 1907.