Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T22:47:01.547Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RETHINKING MODELS OF MINORITY POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

Inter- and Intra-group Variation in Political “Styles”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2019

Sunmin Kim
Sunmin Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Dartmouth College
*
*Corresponding author: Sunmin Kim, Deaprtment of Sociology, Dartmouth College, 306D Blunt Hall, 20 N Park St. Hanover, NH. 03755. Email:[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Political science research has repeatedly identified a strong correlation between high socio-economic status and political participation, but this finding has not been as robust for racial and ethnic minorities. As a response, the literature on minority political participation has produced a series of different models for different groups by adding group-specific variables to the standard SES model. In assigning a single model per group, however, the literature tends to overlook intra-group differences as well as inter-group commonalities, thereby effectively reifying the concept of race and ethnicity. Using survey data from Los Angeles, this article develops a different approach aimed at detecting intra-group differences as well as inter-group commonalities through a recognition of political “styles.” First, using latent class analysis (LCA), I identify a set of recurring configurations of individual dispositions (education, political knowledge…) and political acts (voting, protest…) that define different political styles. Then I examine the distribution of these political styles across racial and ethnic groups. The results reveal three novel findings that were invisible in the previous studies: 1) all groups feature a considerable degree of intra-group difference in political styles; 2) each group retains other political styles that cannot be captured by a single model; and 3) there are commonalities of political styles that cut across racial and ethnic boundaries. Overall, this article presents a model for quantitative analysis of race and ethnicity that simultaneously captures intra-group differences and inter-group commonalities.

Keywords

RaceMinority PoliticsPolitical ParticipationLatent Class AnalysisIIMMLA
Type
State of the Art
Information
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , Fall 2019 , pp. 489 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © Hutchins Center for African and African American Research 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, Andrew (2001). Time Matters: On Theory and Method. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Achen, Christopher (2002). Toward A New Political Methodology: Microfoundations and ART. Annual Review of Political Science, 5: 423–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbour, Brian, and Hayes, Danny (2005). Voter Turnout in the California Recall: Where Did the Increased Come from? American Politics Research, 33(2): 187–215.10.1177/1532673X04272430CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldassarri, Delia, and Goldberg, Amir (2014). Neither Ideologues nor Agnostics: Alternative Voters’ Belief System in an Age of Partisan Politics. American Journal of Sociology, 120(1): 45–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belew, Katherine (2018). Bring the War Home: The White Power Movements and Paramilitary America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobo, Lawrence, and Gilliam, Franklin Jr. (1990). Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment. The American Political Science Review, 84(2): 377–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonikowski, Bart (2017). Nationhood as Cultural Repertoire: Collective Identities and Political Attitudes in France and Germany. In Skey, Michael and Antonsich, Marco (Eds.), Everyday Nationhood: Theorising Culture, Identity and Belonging after Banal Nationalism, pp. 147–174. London: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/978-1-137-57098-7_8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonikowski, Bart, and DiMaggio, Paul (2016). Varieties of American Popular Nationalism. American Sociological Review, 81(5): 949–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Boutyline, Andrei, and Vaisey, Stephen (2017). Belief Network Analysis: A Relational Approach to Understanding the Structure of Attitudes. American Journal of Sociology, 122(5): 1371–1447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, Henry, Verba, Sidney, and Schlozman, Key (1995). Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation. The American Political Sciplence Review, 89(2): 271–294.10.2307/2082425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers, Loveman, Mara, and Stamatov, Peter (2004). Ethnicity as Cognition. Theory and Society, 33: 31–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Wendy Tam (1999) Naturalization, Socialization, Participation: Immigrants and (Non-) Voting. The Journal of Politics, 61: 1140–1155.Google Scholar
Chung, Angie (2007). Legacies of Struggle: Conflict and Cooperation in Korean American Politics. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Cathy (2010). Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the Future of American Politics. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, Michael (1994). Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa (1997). Manifesto for Relational Sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 103(2): 281–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Desmond, Matthew (2015). The Racial Order. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogelson, Robert (1967). Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850–1930. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Fourcade, Marion, Schofer, Evan, and Lande, Brian. (2016). Political Space and Space of Polities: Doing Politics across Nations. Poetics, 55: 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, William (1997). The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban Growth in Los Angeles. Point Arena, CA: Solano Press.Google Scholar
García Bedolla, Lisa (2005). Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Glazer, Nathan, and Moynihan, Daniel (1970). Beyond Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Greeley, Andrew (1974). Political Participation Among Ethnic Groups in the United States: A Preliminary Reconnaissance. American Journal of Sociology, 80(1): 170–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, Amir (2011) Mapping Shared Understanding Using Relational Class Analysis: The Case of the Cultural Omnivore Reexamined. American Journal of Sociology, 116(5): 1397–1436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Leo (1974). The Analysis of Systems of Qualitative Variables When Some of the Variables Are Unobservable. Part I: A Modified Latent Structure Approach. American Journal of Sociology, 79(5): 1179–1259.10.1086/225676CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagenaars, Jacques, and Halman, Loek (1989). Searching for Ideal Types: Potentialities of Latent Class Analysis. European Sociological Review , 5(1): 81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagenaars, Jacques. (1993). Loglinear Models with Latent Variables. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hero, Rodney (1992). Latinos and the U.S. Political System: Two-Tiered Pluralism. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Jennifer, and Weaver, Vesla (2015). Is the Significance of Race Declining in the Political Arena? Yes, and No. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(8): 1250–1257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphries, Melissa, Muller, Chandra, and Schiller, Kathryn (2013). The Political Socialization of Adolescent Children of Immigrants. Social Science Quarterly , 94(5): 1261–1282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jang, Seung-jin (2009). Get Out of Behalf of Your Group: Electoral Participation of Latinos and Asian Americans. Political Behavior, 31(4): 511–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones-Correa, Michael (1998). Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, Moon-kie (2006). Reworking Race: The Making of Hawaii’s Interracial Labor Movement. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Junn, Jane, and Masuoka, Natalie (2008) Asian American Identity: Shared Racial Status and Political Context. Perspectives on Politics, 6(4): 729–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junn, Jane (1999). Participation in Liberal Democracy: The Political Assimilation of Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(9): 1417–1438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasinitz, Philip, Mollenkopf, John, Waters, Mary, and Holdaway, Jennifer (2008). Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Keyssar, Alexander (2001). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Knight, Carly, and Brinton, Mary (2017). One Egalitarianism or Several? Two Decades of Gender-Role Attitude Change in Europe. American Journal of Sociology, 122(5): 1485–1532.10.1086/689814CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurashige, Scott (2008). The Shifting Grounds of Race: Black and Japanese Americans in the Making of Multiethnic Los Angeles. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Taeku (2009). Between Social Theory and Social Science Practice: Towards a New Approach to the Survey Measurement of Race. In Abdelal, Rawi (Ed.), Measuring Identity, pp. 113–144. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Taeku (2008). Race, Immigration, and the Identity-to-Politics Link. Annual Review of Political Science, 11: 457–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lie, John, and Abelmann, Nancy (1995). Blue Dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles Riots. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Leighley, Jan, and Vedlitz, Arnold (1999). Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation: Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations. The Journal of Politics, 61(4): 1092–1114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marschall, Melissa. (2001). Does The Shoe Fit: Testing Models of Participation for African-American and Latino Involvement in Local Politics. Urban Affairs Review, 37(2): 227–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, John Levi, and Yeung, Kin-To (2003). The Use of Conceptual Category of Race in American Sociology, 1937–1999. Sociological Forum, 18(4): 521–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohr, John (1997). The Duality of Culture and Practice: Poverty Relief in New York City, 1888–1917. Theory and Society, 26(2/3): 305–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohr, John (1998). Measuring Meaning Structures. Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 345–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mollenkopf, John, Champeny, Ana, Sonenshein, Raphael, and Drayse, Mark (2006). Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration in the 2005 Mayoral Election in Los Angeles and New York. Working Paper, 2007-07. Berkeley Institute of Urban and Regional Development.Google Scholar
Omi, Michael, and Winant, Howard (1994). Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ragin, Charles (2000). Fuzzy-Set Social Science. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, Karthick (2005). Democracy in Immigrant America: Changing Demographics and Political Participation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rumbaut, Rubén G., Bean, Frank D., Chávez, Leo R., Lee, Jennifer, Brown, Susan K., DeSipio, Louis, and Zhou, Min (2004). Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles (IIMMLA) [Computer file]. ICPSR22627-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2008-07-01. doi:10.3886/ICPSR22627Google Scholar
Rumbaut, Ruben (2008) The Coming of the Second Generation: Immigration and Ethnic Mobility in Southern California. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 620(1): 196–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, Leland (1998). Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb. Urbana-Champagne, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Gabriel (2006). The Role of Group Consciousness in Political Participation Among Latinos in the United States. American Political Research, 34(4): 427–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schildkraut, Deborah (2005). The Rise and Fall of Political Engagement Among Latinos: The Role of Identity and Perceptions of Discrimination. Political Behavior, 27(3): 285–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scholzman, Kay Lehman, Verba, Sidney and Brady, Henry (2012). The Unheavenly Chorus: Unequal Political Voice and the Broken Promise of American Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Shingles, Richard (1981). Black Consciousness and Political Participation: The Missing Link. The American Political Science Review, 75(1): 76–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sides, Josh (2003). L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sonenshein, Raphael (1993). Politics in Black and White: Race and Power in Los Angeles. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Bureau of the Census (2015). Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060 <http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf> (accessed November 11, 2016).+(accessed+November+11,+2016).>Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney, Lehman Schlozman, Kay, and Brady, Henry (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney, and Nie, Norman (1972). Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Vermunt, Jeroen, and Magidson, Jay (2002). Latent Class Cluster Analysis. In Hagenaars, Jacques and McCutcheon, Allan (Eds.), Applied Latent Class Analysis, pp. 89–106. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vermunt, Jeroen (2010). Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches. Political Analysis, 18: 450–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Janelle (2006). Democracy’s Promise: Immigrants and American Civic Institutions. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Janelle, Ramakrishnan, Karthick, Lee, Taeku, and Junn, Jane (2011). Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities. New York: The Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Xu, Jun (2005). Why Do Minorities Participate Less?: The Effects of Education, Immigration, and Electoral Process on Asian American Voter Registration and Turnout. Social Science Research, 34: 682–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Kim supplementary material

Appendix

Download Kim supplementary material(File)
File 114.3 KB