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What is the role of conventional antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive episodes with Mixed Features Specifier?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2016

Gianni L. Faedda  and
Ciro Marangoni
Gianni L. Faedda*
Affiliation:
Lucio Bini Mood Disorders Center, New York, New York, USA
Ciro Marangoni
Affiliation:
Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
*
*Address for correspondence: Gianni L. Faedda, Lucio Bini Mood Disorders Center, 245 E. 50th St., New York, NY 10022, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

The newly introduced Mixed Features Specifier of Major Depressive Episode and Disorder (MDE/MDD) is especially challenging in terms of pharmacological management. Prior to the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the symptoms of the mixed features specifier were intradepressive hypomanic symptoms, always and only associated with bipolar disorder (BD).

Intradepressive hypomanic symptoms, mostly referred to as depressive mixed states (DMX), have been poorly characterized, and their treatment offers significant challenges. To understand the diagnostic context of DMX, we trace the nosological changes and collocation of intradepressive hypomanic symptoms, and examine diagnostic and prognostic implications of such mixed features.

One of the reasons so little is known about the treatment of DMX is that depressed patients with rapid cycling, substance abuse disorder, and suicidal ideation/attempts are routinely excluded from clinical trials of antidepressants. The exclusion of DMX patients from clinical trials has prevented an assessment of the safety and tolerability of short- and long-term use of antidepressants. Therefore, the generalization of data obtained in clinical trials for unipolar depression to patients with intradepressive hypomanic features is inappropriate and methodologically flawed.

A selective review of the literature shows that antidepressants alone have limited efficacy in DMX, but they have the potential to induce, maintain, or worsen mixed features during depressive episodes in BD. On the other hand, preliminary evidence supports the effective use of some atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of DMX.

Keywords

Antidepressantbipolar disordermajor depressionmixed featuresmixed states
Type
Opinions
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 22 , Issue 2: Theme: Mixed features in major depressive episodes , April 2017 , pp. 120 - 125
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2016 

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