Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:12:03.874Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Infrared Study of the Intercalation of Potassium Halides in Kaolinite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

S. Yariv ,
I. Lapides ,
A. Nasser ,
N. Lahav ,
I. Brodsky  and
K. H. Michaelian
S. Yariv
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
I. Lapides
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
A. Nasser
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
N. Lahav
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
I. Brodsky
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
K. H. Michaelian
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Western Research Centre, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Suite A202, Devon, Alberta, Canada T9G 1A8
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

KCl-, KBr-, and KI-kaolinite intercalation complexes were synthesized by gradually heating potassium-halide discs of the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-kaolinite intermediate at temperatures to 330°C. Two types of complexes were identified by infrared spectroscopy: almost non-hydrous, obtained during thermal treatment of the DMSO complex; and hydrated, produced by regrinding the disc in air. The former showed basal spacings with integral series of 00l reflections indicating ordered stacking of parallel 1:1 layers. Grinding resulted in delamination and formation of a disordered “card-house” type structure. The frequencies of the kaolinite OH bands show that the strength of the hydrogen bond between the intercalated halide and the inner-surface hydroxyl group decreases as Cl > Br > I. The positions of the H2O bands imply that halide-H2O interaction decreases in the same order. Consequently, the strength of the hydrogen bond between H2O and the oxygen atom plane increases in the opposite sequence.

In the non-hydrous KCl-kaolinite complex the inner hydroxyl band of kaolinite at 3620 cm-1 is replaced by a new feature at 3562 cm-1, indicating that these OH groups are perturbed. It is suggested that Cl ions penetrate through the ditrigonal hole and form hydrogen bonds with the inner OH groups. In contrast, Br and I ions are too large to pass into the ditrigonal holes and do not form hydrogen bonds with the inner hydroxyls.

Keywords

CMS Clay KGa-1Infrared SpectraIntercalation ComplexesKaolinitePotassium Halide-Kaolinite ComplexesX-ray Diffractograms
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , February 2000 , pp. 10 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Costanzo, P.M. and Giese, R.E. Jr., 1990 Ordered and disordered organic intercalates of 8.4A, synthetically hydrated kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals 38 160–170 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanzo, P.M. and Giese, R.E. Jr. and Lipsicas, M., 1984 Static and dynamic structure of water in hydrated kaolinites. I. The static structure. Clays and Clay Minerals 32 419–428 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csicsery, S.M., 1984 Shape-selective catalysis in zeolites. Zeolites 4 202–213 10.1016/0144-2449(84)90024-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, C.T. Sposito, G. Bocian, D.F. and Birge, R.R., 1984 Vibrational spectroscopic study of interlamellar ka-olinite-dimethylsulfoxide complex. Journal of Physical Chemistry 88 5959–5964 10.1021/j150668a043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L., 1978 Reactions of salts with kaolinite at elevated temperatures I. Clay Minerals 13 221–235 10.1180/claymin.1978.013.2.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L. Huard, E. and Prost, R., 1991 Disorder induced by de-intercalation of DMSO from kaolinite. Clay Minerals 26 245–253 10.1180/claymin.1991.026.2.08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinckley, D.N., 1963 Variability in crystallinity values among the kaolin deposits of the coastal plain of Georgia and South Carolina. Clays and Clay Minerals 11 229–235 10.1346/CCMN.1962.0110122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapides, I. Yariv, S. and Lahav, N., 1994 Interaction between kaolinite and caesium halides. Comparison between intercalated samples obtained from aqueous suspensions and by mechanochemical techniques. International Journal of Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying 1 79–91.Google Scholar
Lapides, I. Yariv, S. and Lahav, N., 1995 The intercalation of CsF in kaolinite. Clay Minerals 30 287–294 10.1180/claymin.1995.030.4.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapides, I. Lahav, N. Michaelian, K.H. and Yariv, S., 1997 X-ray study of the thermal intercalation of alkali halides into kaolinite. Journal of Thermal Analysis 49 1423–1432 10.1007/BF01983701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ledoux, R.L. and White, J.L., 1964 Infrared studies of the hydroxyl groups in intercalated kaolinite complexes. Clays and Clay Minerals, Proceedings of the 13th National Conference Wisconsin Madison 289–315.Google Scholar
Ledoux, R.L. and White, J.L., 1966 Infrared studies of hydrogen bonding interaction between kaolinite surfaces and intercalated potassium acetate, hydrazine, formamide and urea. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 21 127–152 10.1016/0095-8522(66)90029-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipsicas, M. Raythatha, R. and Giese, R.E. Jr. and Costanzo, P.M., 1986 Molecular motions, surface interactions, and stacking disorder in kaolinite intercalates. Clays and Clay Minerals 34 635–644 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, A.Y., 1986 The size of molecules. Chemical Society Review 15 449–474 10.1039/cs9861500449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaelian, K.H. Yariv, S. and Nasser, A., 1991 Study of the interactions between caesium bromide and kaolinite by photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69 749–754 10.1139/v91-110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaelian, K.H. Friesen, W.I. Yariv, S. and Nasser, A., 1991 Diffuse reflectance infrared spectra of kaolinite and kaolinite/alkali halide mixtures. Curve-fitting of the OH stretching region. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69 1786–1790 10.1139/v91-262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaelian, K.H. Lapides, I. Lahav, N. Yariv, S. and Brodsky, I., 1998 Infrared study of the intercalation of kaolinite by caesium bromide and caesium iodide. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 204 389–393 10.1006/jcis.1998.5577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olejnik, S. Aylmore, L.A.G. Posner, A.M. and Quirk, J.P., 1968 Infrared spectra of kaolin mineral-dimethylsulfoxide complexes. Journal of Physical Chemistry 72 241–249 10.1021/j100847a045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raupach, M. Barron, P.F. and Thompson, J.G., 1987 Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and X-ray powder diffraction study of dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylselenoxide intercalates with kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals 35 208–219 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, B.L., 1972 Selective sorption and fixation of cations by clay minerals: A review. Clays and Clay Minerals 20 93–100 10.1346/CCMN.1972.0200208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J.G. Unwins, P.J.R. Whittaker, A.K. and Mackinnon, I.D.R., 1992 Structural characterisation of kaolinite: NaCl intercalate and its derivatives. Clays and Clay Minerals 40 369–380 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J.G. Gabbitas, N. and Unwins, P.J.R., 1993 The intercalation of kaolinite by alkali halides in the solid state: A systematic study of the intercalates and their derivatives. Clays and Clay Minerals 41 73–86 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tunney, J. and Detellier, C., 1994 Preparation and characterization of an 8.4 Å hydrate of kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals 42 473–476 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, A. Thielepape, W. Orth, H., Heller, L. and Weiss, A., 1966 Neue Kaolin-ite-Einlagerungsverbindungen Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Jerusalem 277–293.Google Scholar
Yariv, S., 1975 Infrared study of grinding kaolinite with alkali metal chlorides. Powder Technology 12 131–138 10.1016/0032-5910(75)80005-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yariv, S., 1975 Some effects of grinding kaolinite with potassium bromide. Clays and Clay Minerals 23 80–82 10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yariv, S. Mendelovici, E. Villalba, R. and Miller, B., 1982 The study of the interaction between cesium chloride and kaolinite by thermal methods Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Thermal Analysis Chichester John Wiley Sons 533–540.Google Scholar
Yariv, S. Nasser, A. Deutsch, Y. and Michaelian, K.H., 1991 Study of the interaction between cesium bromide and kaolinite by differential thermal analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis 37 1373–1388 10.1007/BF01913475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yariv, S. Nasser, A. Michaelian, K.H. Lapides, I D Y and Lahav, N., 1994 Thermal treatment of the kaolin-ite/CsCl/H20 intercalation complex. Thermochimica Acta 234 275–285 10.1016/0040-6031(94)85151-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar