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Grey Oxisol from the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a conceptual challenge to the soil classification system?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

A. C. Silva ,
E. Murad ,
J. D. Fabris ,
S. De Souza ,
M. J . Mendes Pires ,
M. C. Pereira ,
A. O. Guimarães ,
H. Vargas  and
J . D. Ardisson
A. C. Silva
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
E. Murad*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
J. D. Fabris
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
S. De Souza
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
M. J . Mendes Pires
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
M. C. Pereira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39803-371 Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
A. O. Guimarães
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), 28013-600 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
H. Vargas
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), 28013-600 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
J . D. Ardisson
Affiliation:
Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The upper Jequitinhonha Valley is located within the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional mountain range in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The topography is flat or gently undulating with large flat areas known as chapadas (‘high plains’) that are dissected by rivers forming swamps known locally as veredas (‘paths’). The present study is concerned mainly with a representative toposequence in the watershed of the Lagoa do Leandro vereda, a swamp near the city of Minas Novas on a chapada of the highlands of the Alto (Upper) Jequitinhonha region.

The soils of this sequence were studied by a variety of physical and chemical techniques, including Mössbauer, electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoacoustic (PAS) spectroscopies, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and carbon isotope data. Mössbauer spectra of the silt fraction of a grey Xanthic Haplustox (Munsell 10YR 3/2) from the Lagoa do Leandro vereda, referred to here as a ‘Grey Haplustox’ (‘LAC’), proved the existence of Fe2+- and Fe3+-bearing components. Photoacoustic spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Fe2+, as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy, probably in an octahedrally coordinated site, but the principal optical absorption bands are due to different Fe3+ sites. A ferrimagnetic contribution and three other paramagnetic lines attributed to Fe3+ and Ti3+ were demonstrated by means of ESR. The ESR and PAS results are thus in agreement with the chemical composition and Mössbauer spectroscopy, allowing a detailed characterization of the mineralogy of this silt.

Carbon isotope data indicate the climate to have varied during the past: awetter climate in the Pleistocene, with drier phases in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, and again a more humid climate 1200 years ago. δ13C data indicate the C3 scrubland vegetation to have occupied the bottom of the vereda in the past (Bispo & Silva, 2014).

Greyish Oxisols that consist chiefly of phyllosilicate minerals of the kaolinite group (which are usually associated with binary oxides and hydroxides) are of common occurrence in tropical soils resulting from leaching and precipitation. Such Oxisols of greyish appearance and similar mineralogy have been described elsewhere from Brazil and, for example, from India. Such soils are therefore proposed here as a new hierarchical level of the Soil Classification System.

Keywords

Soil mineralsMagnetizationMössbauer spectroscopyESRPASXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , September 2015 , pp. 431 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015

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