Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:03:23.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time-of-flight neutron diffraction studies of clay-fluid interactions under basin conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

N. T. Skipper ,
G. D. Williams ,
A. V. C. de Siqueira ,
C. Lobban  and
A. K. Soper
N. T. Skipper*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
G. D. Williams
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
A. V. C. de Siqueira
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
C. Lobban
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
A. K. Soper
Affiliation:
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Neutron diffraction experiments can provide an extremely high-resolution structural picture of clay-fluid systems. Here we describe the application of time-of-flight neutron scattering to hydrated clays, including discussion of issues such as isotopic labelling, sample containment, and data analysis. Recent studies of hydrated vermiculites under ambient conditions are used as an example. We then describe a new high-pressure/high-temperature sample environment that is being used to study clay-fluid interactions, in situ under hydrostatic sedimentary basin conditions. This environment enables us to approximate conditions encountered during burial, at depths of up to 10 km.

Keywords

time-of-flightneutron diffractionclay-fluid interactionssedimentary basin conditions
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 1 , March 2000 , pp. 283 - 290
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cebula, D.J., Thomas, R.K., Middleton, S., Ottewill, R.H. & White, J.W. (1979), Neutron diffraction from claywater systems. Clays Clay Miner. 27, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colten, V.A. (1986) Hydration states of smectite in NaCl brines at elevated pressures and temperatures. Clays Clay Miner. 34, 34–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enderby, J.E., Cummings, S., Herdman, G.J., Neilson, G.W., Salmon, P.S. & Skipper, N. (1987) Diffraction and the study of aqua ions. J. Phys. Chem. 91, 91–5851.Google Scholar
Finney, J. & Steigenberger, U. (1997) Neutrons for the Future. Physics World, 10(12), 27-32.Google Scholar
Hall, P.L., Astill, D.M. & McConnell, J.D.C. (1986) Thermodynamic and structural aspects of the dehydration of smectites in sedimentary rocks. Clay Miner. 21, 21–633.Google Scholar
Hawkins, R.K. & Egelstaff, P.A. (1980) Interfacial water structure in montmorillonite from neutron diffraction experiments. Clay Clay Miner. 28, 28–19.Google Scholar
Howells, W.S. (1980) A Diffractometer for Liquid and Amorphous Materials at the SNS. Internal Report RL-80-017, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK.Google Scholar
Huang, W.-L., Bassett, W.A. & Wu, T.-C. (1994) Dehydration and hydration of montmorillonite at elevated temperatures and pressures monitored using synchrotron radiation. Am. Miner. 79, 79–683.Google Scholar
Koster van Groos, A.F. & Guggenheim, S. (1984) The effect of pressure on the dehydration reaction of interlayer in Na Montmorillonite. Am. Miner. 69, 69–872.Google Scholar
Lovesey, S.W. (1984) Theory of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. (editor) (1987) Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals. Monograph 6, Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
North, F.K. (1990) Petroleum Geology. Unwin Hyman, Boston.Google Scholar
Powell, D.H., Tongkhao, K., Kennedy, S.J. & Slade, P.G. (1997) A neutron diffraction study of interlayer water in sodium Wyoming montmorillonite using a novel difference method. Clay Clay Miner. 45, 45–290.Google Scholar
Powell, D.H., Fischer, H.E. & Skipper, N.T. (1998) The structure of Interlayer Water in Li-montmorillonite studied by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution. J. Phys. Chem. 102, 102–10899.Google Scholar
Skipper, N.T., Soper, A.K & McConnell, J.D.C. (1991) The structure of interlayer water in vermiculite. J. Chem. Phys. 94, 94–5751.Google Scholar
Skipper, N.T., Smalley, M.V. & Soper, A.K. (1994) Neutron diffraction study of calcium vermiculite: hydration of calcium ions in a confined environment. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 98–942.Google Scholar
Skipper, N.T., Smalley, M.V., Williams, G.D., Soper, A.K. & Thompson, C.H. (1995) Direct measurement of the electric double-layer structure in hydrated lithium vermiculite clays by neutron diffraction. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 99–14201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, G.D., Skipper, N.T., Smalley, M.V., Soper, A.K. & King, S.M. (1996) Structure of alkyl ammonium solutions in vermiculite clays. Faraday Disc. 104, 295.Google Scholar
Williams, G.D., Soper, A.K, Skipper, N.T. & Smalley, M.V. (1998) High resolution structural study of interfacial fluids in vermiculite clays. J. Phys. Chem. B102, 8945.Google Scholar
Windsor, C. (1981) Pulsed Neutron Scattering. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Wu, T.-C., Bassett, W.A., Huang, W.-L., Guggenheim, S. & Kooster van Groos, A.F. (1997) Montmorillonite under high H2O pressures: stability of hydrate phases, rehydration hysteresis, and the effect of interlayer cations. Am. Miner. 82, 82–69.Google Scholar