Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:16:20.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cation ordering in cis-and trans-vacant dioctahedral smectites and its implications for growth mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

C. Marchel  and
H. Stanjek
C. Marchel*
Affiliation:
Clay and Interface Mineralogy, Aachen University, Bunsenstr. 8, 52072 Aachen, Germany RWE Dea, Industriestraβe 2, 29323 Wietze, Germany
H. Stanjek
Affiliation:
Clay and Interface Mineralogy, Aachen University, Bunsenstr. 8, 52072 Aachen, Germany
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Different types of dioctahedral smectites (nontronite, beidellite, montmorillonite) were investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Starting with the chemical composition of the octahedral sheet, the occupancies within the octahedral sheet were adjusted by computer simulations to fit the occupancies derived from FTIR. For both cis-and trans-vacant smectites the AlAl and FeFe pairs are mainly randomly distributed but seem to be aligned along OH-bonded directions. Relative to the chemical composition, AlFe pairs are enriched in cis-vacant smectites and depleted in nontronites. This behaviour can be explained by the necessity to dehydrate and hydrolyse cations when they become incorporated into the structure during crystal growth. The first and second hydrolysis steps are necessary for incorporating cations in trans-vacant smectites, whereas only the first hydrolysis step is necessary for cis-vacant smectites. The corresponding difference in energy may explain why mostly cis-vacant smectites occur in low-temperature environments.

Keywords

dioctahedral smectitecation orderingFTIRtrans-vacantcis-vacant
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 105 - 115
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, S. (1975) Cation ordering and pseudosymmetry in layer silicates. American Mineralogist, 60, 175–182.Google Scholar
Bauer, A., Velde, B. & Gaupp, R. (2000) Experimental constraints on illite crystal morphology. Clay Minerals, 35, 587–597.Google Scholar
Besson, G. & Drits, V.A. (1997) Refined relationships between chemical composition of dioctahedral finegrained mica minerals and their infrared spectra within the OH stretching region. Part I: Identification of the OH stretching bands. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 158–169.Google Scholar
Besson, G., Drits, V.A., Daynyak, L.G. & Smoliar, B.B. (1987) Analysis of cation distibution in dioctahedral micaceous minerals on the basis of IR spectroscopy data. Clay Minerals, 22, 465–478.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. (1980) Order-disorder in clay mineral structures. Pp. 125–195 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification (G. Brindley & G. Brown, editors). Mineralogical Society Monograph No. 5, Mineralogical Society, London,Google Scholar
Calvet, R. & Prost, R. (1971) Cation migration into empty octahedral sites and surface properties of clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 19, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G.E. (2008) Do bentonites have contradictory characteristics? An attempt to answer unanswered questions. Clay Minerals, 43, 515–529.Google Scholar
Cuadros, J. (2002) Structural insights from the study of Cs-exchanged smectites submitted to wetting-and- drying cycles. Clay Minerals, 37, 473–486.Google Scholar
Cuadros, J., Sainz-Diaz, C., Ramirez, R. & Hernández-Laguna, A. (1999) Analysis of Fe segregation in the octahedral sheet of bentonitic illite-smectite by means of FT-IR, 27Al MAS NMR and reverse Monte Carlo simulations. American Journal of Science, 299, 289–308.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A., Dainyak, L., Muller, F., Besson, G. & Manceau, A. (1997) Isomorphous cation distribution in celadonites, glauconites and Fe-illites determined by infrared, Mossbauer and EXAFS spectroscopies. Clay Minerals, 32, 153–179.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A., Lindgreen, H., Salyn, A.L., Ylagan, R. & McCarty, D.K. (1998) Semiquantitative determination of trans-vacant and cis-vacant 2:1 layers in illites and illite-smectites by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 83, 1188–1198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A., McCarty, D. & Zviagina, B.B. (2006) Crystalchemical factors responsible for the distribution of octahedral cations over trans and cis sites in dioctahedral 2:1 layer silicates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54, 131–152.Google Scholar
Eslinger, E., Highsmith, P., Albers, D. & DeMayo, B. (1979) Role of iron in the conversion of smectite to illite in bentonites of the Disturbed Belt, Montana. Clays and Clay Minerals, 27, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C. (1974) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals, Monograph 4. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Fischer, W.R. & Schwertmann, U. (1975) The formation of hematite from amorphous iron(III) hydroxide. Clays and Clay Minerals, 23, 33–37.Google Scholar
Gates, W. (2008) Cation mass-valence sum (CM-VS) approach to assigning OH-bending bands in dioctahedral smectites. Clay and Clay Minerals, 56, 10–22.Google Scholar
Goodman, B.A., Russell, J.D., Fraser, A.R. & Woodhams, F.W.D. (1976) A Mössbauer and IR spectroscopic study of the structure of nontronite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 24, 53–59.Google Scholar
Grauby, O., Petit, S. & Decarreau, A. (1991) Distribution of Al-Fe-Mg in octahedral sheets of synthetic smectites: Study of three binary solid-solutions. Proceedings of the 7th EuroClay Conference, 441–446.Google Scholar
Grim, R.E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Google Scholar
Güven, N. (1988) Smectites. Pp 497–559 in: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (S. Bailey, editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, volume 19. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Güven, N. (2001) Mica structure and fibrous growth of illite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 189–196.Google Scholar
Güven N., , Hower, W.F. & Davies, D.K. (1980) Nature of authigenic illites in sandstone reservoirs. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 50, 761–766.Google Scholar
Huggett, J.M. & Cuadros, J. (2005) Low temperature illitisation of smectite in the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of the Isle of Wight (Hampshire basin), UK. American Mineralogist, 90, 1192–1202.Google Scholar
Kaufhold, S., Dohrmann, R., Ufer, K., Kleeberg, R. & Stanjek, H. (2011) Termination of swelling capacity of smectites by Cutrien exchange. Clay Minerals, 46, 411–420.Google Scholar
Klinkenberg, M., Dohrmann, R., Kaufhold, S. & Stanjek, H. (2006) A new method for the identification of Wyoming bentonites. Applied Clay Science, 33, 195–206.Google Scholar
Komadel, P., Madejová, J. & Stucki, J.W. (1995) Reduction and reoxidation of nontronite: questions of reversibility. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 105–110.Google Scholar
Komadel, P., Madejová, J., Laird, D.A., Xia, Y. & Stucki, J.W. (2000) Reduction of Fe(III) in griffithite. Clay Minerals, 35, 625–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwahara, Y., Uehara, S. & Aoki, Y. (2001) Atomic force microscopy study of hydrothermal illite in Izumiyama pottery stone from Arita, Saga Prefecture, Japan. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 300–309.Google Scholar
Lindqvist, B. (1962) Polymorphic phase changes during heating of dioctahedral layer silicates. Geoliska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 84, 224–229.Google Scholar
Madejová, J. & Komadel, P. (2001) Baseline studies of The Clay Minerals Society source clays: Infrared methods. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 410–432.Google Scholar
Madejová, J. & Komadel, P. (2005) Information available from infrared spectra of the fine fractions of bentonites. Pp. 65–98 in: The Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Clay Minerals and Layered Double Hydroxides (J.T. Kloprogge, editor). CMS Workshop Lectures, volume 13. The Clay Minerals Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEwan, D.M.C. (1980) Montmorillonite minerals. Pp. 143–207 in: X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals (G. Brindley & G. Brown, editors). Mineralogical Society Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Madejová, J., Komadel, P. & Cicel, B. (1994) Infrared study of octahedral site populations in smectites. Clay Minerals, 29, 319–326.Google Scholar
Manceau, A., Lanson, B., Drits, V.A., Chateigner, D., Gates, W.P., Wu, J., Huo, D. & Stucki, J.W. (2000) Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites. American Mineralogist, 85, 133–152.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. & Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1997) X-Ray Diffraction and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Muller, F., Besson, G., Manceau, A. & Drits, V.A. (1997) Distribution of isomorphous cations within octahedral sheets in montmorillonite from Camp-Bertaux. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24, 159–166.Google Scholar
Murad, E., Cashion, J.D. & Brown, L.J. (1990) Magnetic ordering in Garfield nontronite under applied magnetic fields. Clay Minerals, 25, 261–269.Google Scholar
Palin, E.J., Dove, M.T., Hernández-Laguna, A. & Sainz-Díaz, C.I. (2004) A computational investigation of the Al/Fe/Mg order-disorder behaviour in the dioctahedral sheet of phyllosilicates. American Mineralogist, 89, 164–175.Google Scholar
Parkhurst, D.L. & Appelo, C.A.J. (2000) User's guide to PHREEQC (version 2.6) – A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, onedimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. Technical report, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259.Google Scholar
Russell, J.D. & Fraser, A.R. (1994), Infrared methods. Pp. 11–67 in: Clay Mineralogy: Spectroscopic and Chemical Determinative Methods (Wilson, M., editor). Chapman & Hall, London.Google Scholar
Sainz-Díaz, C.I., Cuadros, J. & Hernández-Laguna, A. (2001) Analysis of cation distribution in the dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by using inverse Monte Carlo methods. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 445–454.Google Scholar
Slonimskaya, M.V., Besson, G., Dainyak, L.G., Tchoubar, C. & Drits, V.A. (1986) Interpretation of celadonites and glauconites in the region of OH stretching frequencies. Clay Minerals, 21, 377–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, J.S. (1993) Experimental determination of the rates of precipitation of authigenic illite and kaolinite in the presence of aqueous oxalate and comparison to the K/Ar ages of authigenic illite in reservoir sandstones. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 191–208.Google Scholar
Small, J.S, Hamilton, D.L. & Habesch, S. (1992) Experimental simulation of clay precipitation in reservoir sandstones 2: Mechanism of illite formation and controls on morphology. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 62, 520–529.Google Scholar
Stanjek, H. & Marchel, C. (2008) Linking the redox cycles of iron oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals: An example from a palaeosol of the Upper Freshwater Molasse. Clay Minerals, 43, 69–82.Google Scholar
Stanjek, H. & Schwertmann, U. (1992) The influence of aluminum on iron oxides. Part XVI: Hydroxyl and aluminum substitution in synthetic hematites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 347–354.Google Scholar
Surdam, R.C., Crossey, L.J., Hagen, E.S. & Heasler, H.P. (1989) Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 73, 1–23.Google Scholar
Tsipursky, S.I. & Drits, V.A. (1984) The distribution of octahedral cations in the 2:1 layers of dioctahedral smectites studied by oblique-texture electron-diffraction. Clay Minerals, 19, 177–193.Google Scholar
Vantelon, D., Pelletier, M., Michot, L.J., Barres, O. & Thomas, F. (2001) Fe, Mg and Al distribution in the octahedral sheet of montmorillonites. An infrared study in the OH-bending region. Clay Minerals, 36, 369–379.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.D. & Pittmann, E.D. (1977) Authigenic clays in sandstones: Recognition and influence on reservoir properties and paleoenvironmental analysis. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 47, 3–31.Google Scholar
Zviagina, B.B., McCarty, D. K., Środoñ, J. & Drits, V.A. (2004) Interpretation of infrared spectra of dioctahedral smectites in the region of OH-stretching vibrations. Clays and Clay Minerals, 52, 399–410.Google Scholar
Zvyagin, B.B. & Pinsker, Z.G. (1949) Electron diffraction study of the montmorillonite structure. Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR, 68, 30–35.Google Scholar