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The Secret History of the Hakkas: The Chinese Revolution as a Hakka Enterprise*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Mary S. Erbaugh
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Extract

Few China scholars or Chinese citizens know one of the most basic facts about Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo or many other modern leaders: they are all Hakka. Most popular and official histories, in China and abroad, ignore this basic ethnic bond. The title of this article is used ironically, in deliberate parody of the genuine Secret History of the Mongols. The subtitle points toward an ironic but serious effort to illuminate a major facet of revolutionary history which remains almost entirely unexplored.

Type
Research Article
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 132 , December 1992 , pp. 937 - 968
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1992

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References

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35. Until this century, Meixian was called Jiaying (Kiaying), and Changting called Tingzhou. Hakkas are also called “newcomers” (xin ren) or “arrivals” (lai ren). They are often called “Cantonese,” especially in Taiwan, Hunan and Sichuan. Hakka dialect is also called “dirt Cantonese” (tu Guangdonghua); “newcomer talk” (xin min hua); or “rough border talk” (ma jie hua) (see Rongchang, Cui, “Sichuan fangyan de biandiao xianxiang” (“The making of the Sichuan dialects”), Fangyan (Chinese Dialects), Vol. 1 (1985), p. 10).Google Scholar Japanese imperialists referred to Hakkas as “Cantonese” even when writing ethnography or developing a Hakka writing system using kana. English readers may be further perplexed by references to the Hoklos, who are not Hakka at all but people of southern Fujian ancestry living in Guangdong. (Hoklo is the Cantonese pronunciation of Fu lao, from “Fujian” and lao “fellow”; Blake, , Ethnic Groups, p. 72.)Google Scholar

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