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Science and the Open-Doors Educational Movement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

C. K. Jen
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Extract

I visited China for 46 days in the months of July and August 1974, almost exactly two years after my first visit in 1972. The interval between my two visits coincided very closely with the growth of the campaign to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, which reached an intense level at the time of my most recent visit. In my own view, the campaign was the second wave of the Cultural Revolution in succession to the first wave formed by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. In both, the educational movement or revolution has played and is playing a very prominent role and has in turn produced very visible effects on China's science and technology.

Type
Reports from China
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 64 , December 1975 , pp. 741 - 747
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1975

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References

1. See Jen, C. K., “Mao's ‘Serve the people’ ethic,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. XXX, No. 3 (03 1974), p. 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2. See ibid. and Gloria B. Lubkin, “Physics in China,” Physics Today, Vol. 25 (December 1972), p. 23.

3. I learned of this expression and its meaning at group conferences with the following host universities during my 1974 trip: Chunshan (12 July), Futan (16 July), Nanking (24 July), Peking (26 July), Nankai (28 July), Tsinghua (1 August), Chiaotung (10 August) and Yunnan (16 August). The most accessible reference in the available literature is “Open-door schooling,” China Reconstructs, Vol. XXIII, No. 11 (11 1974), p. 2.Google Scholar

4. The substance of this section was derived from the discussions with the principals of Peking University on 26 July 1974, and with those of Tsinghua University on 1 August 1974.

5. Durdin, Till, “China's universities graduating first students in new system,”Google Scholar Special Report to the New York Times, 25 12 1973.Google Scholar

6. Tsinghua University, “Model XK5108 Numerically Controlled Vertical Miller”Google Scholar with a “Control Unit Model KXZ2132.”

7. At Shanghai Institute of Physiology.

8. Co-operative project between the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, the Institute of Biophysics in Peking and Peking University.

9. At the Institute of Chemistry in Peking.

10. At the Institute of Biophysics in Peking.

11. Also at the Institute of Biophysics in Peking.

12. At the Institute of Physics in Peking and the Department of Physics at Chunshan University.

13. At the Institute of High Energy Physics in Peking and the Department of Physics at Peking University.

14. Jack Schwartz and Frances Allen (Mrs Schwartz) of Sanders Associates, U.S.A., “Computing in China, a trip report,” an 18-page typescript communicated to the author by ProfessorLin, C. C. of MIT on 10 10 1974.Google Scholar

15. Private communication from Professor C. S. Wu, president of the American Physical Society.

16. Ti-chou, Tung and Man-chiang, Niu, “Nucleic acid-induced transformation in goldfish,” Scientia Sinica, Vol. 16, No. 3 (08 1973), p. 377.Google Scholar

17. Yeh, T. C. and Chang, C. C., “A preliminary experimental simulation of the heating effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the general circulation over Eastern Asia in summer,” Scientia Sinica, Vol. 17, No. 3 (06 1974), p. 397Google Scholar, abstracted in Transactions of American Geophysical Union, Vol. 55, No. 4 (04 1974), p. 266.Google Scholar

18. Walter Sullivan of the Evening Sun (Baltimore) reported on 13 January 1975 an account by Frank Press, chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at MIT, who spent a month in October 1974 observing earthquake research in China.

19. “Thunder out of China,” Newsweek, 16 06 1975, p. 45.Google Scholar

20. Various issues of K'ao-ku (Archaeology) (in Chinese) (Peking: Science Press).