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Constructing Chinese Masculinity for the Modern World: with Particular Reference to Lao She's The Two Mas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Kam Louie
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In the early decades of the 20th century, Chinese identities were subjected to profound challenges posed by the West. Traditional Chinese linkages between gender and power were shaken by contact with aggressive western imperialism. Although there are numerous studies on this impact, almost nothing has been written on its effects on the Chinese constructions of masculinity. Did East-West contact significantly change the male ideal? If so, how did the new image integrate traditional and Western gender configurations? This article first examines the theoretical basis of masculinity models in traditional China, and then analyses the ways in which a Western context could alter the ways Chinese intellectuals reconstruct these models to arrive at a new male prototype. As one of the best known examples of the interface between East and West, Lao She's (1899–1966) novel Er Ma (The Two Mas) will be used as a case study. The 1920s was a time when many Westernized intellectuals such as Xu Zhimo were totally enamoured by European civilization, to such an extent that Xu's influential friend Hu Shi once called for a “wholesale Westernization” of Chinese culture. While there was a great diversity of masculine ideals in this period, the effects on the male identity from contact with the West were fundamental and enduring, and the images presented in The Two Mas were in many respects typical of the Republican era.

Type
Research Notes
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 164 , December 2000 , pp. 1062 - 1078
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2000

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References

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68. I quote here, with thanks, one of the many perceptive comments by the anonymous China Quarterly readers, “The two Mas are running a ‘curio’ shop. ‘Curio’ was a belittling term for Chinese-produced cultural artefacts which treaty port Westerners collected. The ‘curio’ was the acceptable face of Chinese culture which was otherwise denigrated. Not only are the Mas therefore selling Chinese culture, but they're not even selling it very well.”

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