A Banach space satisfying some physically significant geometric properties is shown to be the predual of a JBW*–triple. If one considers the unit ball of this Banach space as the state space of a physical system, the result shows that the set of observables is equipped with a natural ternary algebraic structure. This provides a spectral theory and other tools for studying the quantum mechanical measuring process

Let A α B be the semidirect product of two local compact Hausdorff topological groups. We prove that for a nonsingularergodic automorphism T of a Lebesgue probability space, a generic cocycle taking values in A α B is nontrivial and recurrent.

A fraction-dense (semi-prime) commutative ring A with 1 is one for which the classical quotient ring is rigid in its maximal quotient ring. The fractiondense ƒ- rings are characterized as those for which the space of minimal prime ideals is compact and extremally disconnected. For archimedean lattice-ordered groups with this property it is shown that the Dedekind and order completion coincide. Fractiondense spaces are defined as those for which C(X) is fraction-dense. If X is compact, then this notion is equivalent to the coincidence of the absolute of X and its quasi-F cover. R-embeddings of Tychonoff spaces are re-introduced and examined in the context of fraction-density.

A general theory for Grôbner basis in path algebras is introduced which extends the known theory for commutative polynomial rings and free associative algebras.

In the present paper we completely describe the isomorphisms between projective elementary groups PSLn and PSLm (n ≥ 2, m ≥ 2) over division rings. It was found that such groups can be isomorphic only if n = m; the division rings are isomorphic or anti-isomorphic, except for the following groups:

PSL(2,F7) and PSL(3,F2); PSL(2, F4) and PSL(2,F5).

The idea is based on a deepening of the classical Hua's approach. This problem has been solved independently by H. Ren, Z. Wan and X. Wu using a different way

An abstract Witt ring (R, G) of positive characteristic is known to be a group ring S[Δ] with ﹛1﹜ ≠ Δ ⊆ G if and only if it contains a form〈1,x〉, x ≠1, which represents only the two elements 1 and x. Carson and Marshall have characterized all Witt rings of characteristic 2 which contain binary forms representing exactly four elements. Such results which show R is isomorphic to a product of smaller rings are helpful in settling the conjecture that every finitely generated Witt ring is of elementary type. Here, some special situations are considered. In particular if char(R) = 8, |D〈l, 1〉| = 4, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is isomorphic to the Witt ring of the 2-adic numbers. If char(R) = 4, |D〈l,a〉| = 4 where a ∈ D〈1, 1〉, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is either a ring of order 8 or is the specified product of two Witt rings at least one of which is a group ring. In several cases R is realized by a field.

Motivated by the problem of giving a functorial (or at least uniform) description of the projective representations for wreath products Gʅ Snin terms of those for G, we study a certain binary operation on the class of “cyclic covering groups with parities”. Along with setting up the basic machinery associated to representations graded by (Ζ/2)ℓ , the main result is a description of the irreducibles for in terms of a (tensorlike) product of those for Aand for B.Finally we describe a programme for producing a PSH-algebra theory in this context, analogous to that of Zelevinsky for the case ℓ=0, and that of the author with with Michael Bean (structure) and with John Humphreys (applications) for the case ℓ=1

Borovik found a Lie primitive subgroup of E8(ℂ) isomorphic to (Alt5 × Sym6) : 2. In this note, we provide a short proof of existence and his result that the conjugacy class of this subgroup is the only one among those of non-local Lie primitive subgroups of finite dimensional simple complex Lie groups having a socle with more than one simple factor.

We prove that each (vector-valued) function in Sobolev space on a compact set K, which in the interior K0 of K satisfies a system of differential equations, can be approximated by solutions in a neighbourhood of K plus sums of potentials of measures supported on the boundary of K. We discuss the particular case where, for all compact sets K, one can dispense with potentials in such approximations

In the original view-obstruction problem congruent closed, centrally symmetric convex bodies centred at the points of the set are expanded uniformly until they block all rays from the origin into the open positive cone. The central problem is to determine the minimal blocking size and this value is known for balls in dimensions n = 2,3 and for symmetrically placed cubes in dimensions n = 2, 3, 4

In order to explain fully the distinction between rational and irrational rays in the original problem, we extend consideration to the blocking of subspaces of all dimensions. In order to appreciate the special properties of balls and cubes, we give a discussion of the convex body with respect to reflection symmetry, lower dimensional sections, and duality. We introduce topological considerations to help understand when the critical parameter of the theory is an attained maximum and we add substantially to the list of known values of this parameter. In particular, when the dimension is n = 2 our dual body considerations furnish a complete solution to the view-obstruction problem

Two examples of topological embeddings of S2 in S4 are constructed. The first has the unusual property that the fundamental group of the complement is isomorphic to the integers while the second homotopy group of the complement is nontrivial. The second example is a non-locally flat embedding whose complement exhibits this property locally.

Two theorems are proved. The first answers the question of just when good π1 implies the vanishing of the higher homotopy groups for knot complements in S4. The second theorem characterizes local flatness for 2-spheres in S4 in terms of a local π1 condition.

We consider the blowing up of ℙ2 at s sufficiently general distinct points and its projective embedding by the linear system of the curves of a given degree through the points. We study the ideal of the resulting (Veronesean) surface and find that it can be described by two matrices of linear forms, in the sense that it is generated by the entries of the product matrix and the minors of complementary orders of the two matrices.

By cutting the surface twice with general hyperplanes, we also obtain some information about the generation (or even the resolution) of certain classes of points in projective space.

A strongly maximal triangular AF algebra which is defined by a realvalued cocycle is said to be analytic. Formulas for generic cocycles are given separately for both the integer-valued case and the real-valued coboundary case, and also for certain nest algebras. In the case of an integer-valued cocycle, there is an associated partial homeomorphismof the maximal ideal space of the diagonal. If the partial homeomorphism extends to a homeomorphism, then the algebra embeds in a crossed product. This occurs for a large class of subalgebras of UHF algebras, but an example shows that this does not always occur. An example is given of a triangular AF algebra which is analytic via a coboundary but is not a nest algebra; also, it is shown that a nest algebra need not be analytic

An appropriate definition of equivariant formality for spaces equipped with the action of a finite group G, and for equivariant maps between such spaces, is given. Kahler manifolds with holomorphic G-actions, and equivariant holomorphic maps between such Kàhler manifolds, are proven to be equivariantly formal, generalizing results of Deligne, Griffiths, Morgan, and Sullivan

We study the asymptotic behavior of the Laplacian on functions when the underlying Riemannian metric is collapsed to a Carnot-Carathéodory metric. We obtain a uniform short time asymptotics for the trace of the heat kernel in the case when the limit Carnot-Carathéodory metric is almost Heisenberg, the limit of which is the result of Beal-Greiner-Stanton, and Stanton-Tartakoff.

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the weight functions for which the Hardy operator , with non-decreasing function ƒ, is bounded between various weighted Lp-spaces for a wide range of indices. Our characterizations complement for the most part those of E. T. Sawyer [11] and V. D. Stepanov [15] for the Hardy operator of non-increasing function.

Let U be a finite dimensional vector space over an infinite field F. Let U(r) denote the r–th symmetric product space over U. Let T: U(r) → U(s) be a linear transformation which sends nonzero decomposable elements to nonzero decomposable elements. Let dim U ≥ s + 1. Then we obtain the structure of T for the following cases: (I) F is algebraically closed, (II) F is the real field, and (III) T is injective.

In this paper we prove an inequality that involves the minimal crossing number and the braid index of links by estimating Murasugi and Przytycki’s index for a planar bipartite graph.

Continuous-trace C*-algebras A with spectrum T can be characterized as those algebras which are locally Monta equivalent to C0(T). The Dixmier-Douady class δ(A) is an element of the Čech cohomology group Ȟ3(T, ℤ) and is the obstruction to building a global equivalence from the local equivalences. Here we shall be concerned with systems (A, G, α) which are locally Monta equivalent to their spectral system (C0(T),G, τ), in which G acts on the spectrum T of A via the action induced by α. Such systems include locally unitary actions as well as N-principal systems. Our new Dixmier-Douady class δ (A, G, α) will be the obstruction to piecing the local equivalences together to form a Monta equivalence of (A, G, α) with its spectral system. Our first main theorem is that two systems (A, G, α) and (B, G, β) are Monta equivalent if and only if δ (A, G, α) = δ (B, G, β). In our second main theorem, we give a detailed formula for δ (A ⋊α G) when (A, G, α) is N-principal.

Let K be a category of structures with all its homomorphisms, Uα K → Set the α-th power of its forgetful functor U An α-ary implicit partial operation (O.P.I.) in K is a diagram of natural transformations and functors. We first study various properties which O P I's can have, as maximality, definability and closure under products or equalizers. Revisiting various concepts and results of Isbell, Linton, Bacsich and Herrera, we note, among other things, that the dominion (resp. the stable dominion) of a subset of a structure K is its closure under O P I's (resp. under equalizer-closed O P I's), and we show that in a variety, all epis are surjective (resp. all monos are regular) iff all limit-closed (resp. product-closed) O P I's are restrictions of total implicit operations.