Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:49:08.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. A. Charnetski
W. A. Charnetski
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Three methods—tube chambers (ventilated and unventilated), petri dish chambers, and field cages—were used to evaluate the toxicity of deltamethrin, trichlorfon, and methoxychlor deposits on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., to 1- to 7-day-old alfalfa leafcutter bees, Megachile rotundata (F.), 24 and 48 h after exposure. In unventilated tube chambers, all three insecticides were significantly toxic to male bees after 24 and 48 h, but only deltamethrin and trichlorfon were significantly toxic to female bees after 24 h. In ventilated tube chambers, only deltamethrin was significantly toxic by contact and then only to male bees at 24 h. Significant vapor action was observed only for trichlorfon and only in unventilated tube chambers. By the petri dish method, only deltamethrin caused significant mortality to male and female bees. However, bee mortality increased significantly between 24 and 48 h. By the field cage method, there was no significant difference in mortality among treatments and controls within the 24- and 48-h evaluations. Bee mortality in the controls was much higher in the petri dish and field cage methods than in either of the two variations of the tube chamber method. The three evaluation methods are compared and the need for a standardized laboratory evaluation procedure is discussed.

Résumé

Trois méthodes, des chambres tabulaires (ventilées et non ventilées), des boîtes de Pétri et des cages sur le terrain, ont servi à évaluer la toxicité de dépôts de deltaméthrine, de trichlorfon et de méthoxychlore sur la luzerne, Medicago sativa L., envers la découpeuse de la luzerne âgée de 1 à 7 jours, Megachile rotundata (F.), après 24 et 48 h d’exposition. Dans les chambres tabulaires non ventilées, les trois insecticides ont été significativement toxiques pour les mégachiles mâles au bout de 24 et 48 h, mais seulement la deltaméthrine et le trichlorfon ont été significativement toxiques pour les femelles au bout de 24 h. Dans les chambres tabulaires ventilées, seule la deltaméthrine s’est avérée significativement toxique par contact, et alors seulement pour les mâles au bout de 24 h. On a observé une action de vapeur significative seulement pour le trichlorfon et seulement dans les chambres tabulaires non ventilées. Pour ce qui est des boîtes de Pétri, seule la deltaméthrine a causé une mortalité significative chez les mâles et les femelles. Mais la mortalité a augmenté significativement entre 24 et 48 h. Pour ce qui est des cages sur le terrain, on n’observe aucune différence significative dans la mortalité entre les divers traitements et les témoins dans le cadre des évaluations de 24 à 48 h. La mortalité chez les témoins est beaucoup plus élevée pour les méthodes de boîtes de Pétri et de cages sur le terrain que pour les deux variations de la méthode des chambres tubulaires. L’auteur compare les trois méthodes d’évaluation et examine les besoins d’une méthode d’évaluation normalisée en laboratoire.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 4 , April 1988 , pp. 297 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. econ. Ent. 18: 265–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, Z., and Johansen, C.A.. 1973. Selective toxicity of carbophenothion and trichlorfon to the honey bee and the alfalfa leafcutter bee. Environ. Ent. 2: 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carruthers, R.I., Whitfield, G.H., and Haynes, D.L.. 1985. Pesticide-induced mortality of natural enemies of the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Dip.: Anthomyiidae). Entomophaga 30: 151–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, C.H. 1986. Hazard to the alfalfa leafcutter bee of a foliar application of deltamethrin. p. 141in 1985 Expert Committee on Pesticide Use in Agriculture. Pest. Res. Rep.Google Scholar
Fest, C., and Schmidt, K.-J.. 1983. Organophosphorus insecticides. pp. 48–125 in Buchel, K.W. (Ed.), Chemistry of Pesticides. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 518 pp.Google Scholar
Henderson, C.F., and Tilton, E.W.. 1955. Tests with acaricides against the Brown Wheat Mite. J. econ. Ent. 48: 157–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, G.A. 1972. Beekeeping with alfalfa leafcutter bees in Canada. Bee World 53: 167–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, G.A. 1973. Alfalfa leafcutter bees for pollinating alfalfa in Western Canada. Agric. Can. Publ. 1495. 30 pp.Google Scholar
Johansen, C.A. 1972. Toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to four kinds of bees. Environ. Ent. 1: 393–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, C.A. 1977. Pesticides and pollinators. Annu. Rev. Ent. 22: 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, C.A., and Eves, J.. 1967. Toxicity of insecticides to the alkali bee and the alfalfa leafcutting bee. Wash. Agric. Exp. Sta., Circ. 475. 15 pp.Google Scholar
Johansen, C.A. 1973. Development of a pest management program on alfalfa grown for seed. Environ. Ent. 2: 515–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, C.A., Jaycox, E. R., and Hutt, R.. 1963. The effects of pesticides on the alfalfa leaf cutting bee. Wash. Agric. Exp. Sta., Circ. 418. 12 pp.Google Scholar
Johansen, C.A., Mayer, D.F., Eves, J.D., and Kious, C.W.. 1983. Pesticides and bees. Environ. Ent. 12: 1513–1518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, S., and Hall, N.W.. 1965. A laboratory insecticide sprayer designed to stimulate field spraying equipment. J. econ. Ent. 58: 739–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council of Canada, Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. 1981. Pesticide–pollinator interactions. NRCC No. 18471. Ottawa, Ontario. 190 pp.Google Scholar
Richards, K.W. 1984. Alfalfa leafcutter bee management in Western Canada. Agric. Can. Publ. 1495/E. 56 pp.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Basics and Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary.Google Scholar
Steel, R.G.D., and Torrie, J.H.. 1960 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd., New York. 481 pp.Google Scholar
Tasei, J.-N. 1977. Méthode de test de toxicité des insecticides applicable aux abeilles solitaires et plus particulièrement à Megachile pacifica, Panz. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Apidologie 8: 129–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasei, J.-N. 1985. The effect of deltamethrin on the solitary bee Megachile rotundata demonstrated by a field test. Pestic. Sci. 16: 207–209.Google Scholar
Tasei, J.-N., Capou, J., and Michaud, D.. 1977. Action de quelques insecticides sur une abeille solitaire: Megachile pacifica Panz. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Apidologie 8: 111–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasei, J.-N., and Carré, C.. 1985. Effets du traitement de luzerne en fleurs (Medicago sativa L.) avec de la deltramethrine et de la phosalone sur l'abeille solitaire: Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Acta Ecologica/Ecol. Applic. 6: 165–173.Google Scholar
Tasei, J.-N., and Debray, P.. 1985. The toxicity and hazard of fenvalerate to alfalfa leaf-cutter bees. Pestic. Sci. 16: 209–211.Google Scholar
Tasei, J.-N., and Delaude, A.. 1984. Efficacité pollinisatride de Megachile rotundata F. (Hym., Megachilidae) utilisée sur luzerne (Medicago sativa L.). Agronomie 4: 653–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasei, J.-N., and Dinet, P.. 1981. Effets comparés de deux pyrethrinoides de synthèse et de trois insecticides organophosphorés sur les mégachiles (Megachile rotundata F. = pacifica P.). Apidologie 12: 363–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torchio, P.F. 1973. Relative toxicity of insecticides to the honey bee, alkali bee, and alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Aphidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae). J. Kansas ent. Soc. 46: 446–453.Google Scholar
Torchio, P.F. 1983. The effects of field applications of Naled and Trichlorfon on the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius). J. Kansas ent. Soc. 56: 62–68.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, J.D., and Biever, K.D.. 1977. Practical possibilities of developing standardized testing and monitoring of the effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods in the Western Hemisphere. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 84: 168–172.Google Scholar