Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:46:42.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RECENT OUTBREAK OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HARTIG), IN SUBARCTIC QUÉBEC

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Conrad Cloutier  and
Louise Filion
Conrad Cloutier
Affiliation:
Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
Louise Filion
Affiliation:
Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Larch sawfly oviposition activity as revealed by scarring of long shoots of eastern larch, Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, was measured at various locations in the high boreal forest and forest tundra in Québec in 1988 and 1989. The data show that larch sawfly is established up to the tree line, even on isolated larch growing under climatic conditions that are extreme for this tree. Frequency distributions of scarred shoots as a function of time suggest thai larch sawfly populations reached outbreak levels in the 1980s, with peak numbers in 1981 for the high boreal, and in 1985 for the subarctic regions sampled. Trends in long shoot production by larch trees started to fluctuate simultaneously with the sudden increase in larch sawfly populations along the Grande Rivière de la Baleine in 1984. In this region in 1985, the proportion of long shoots used by Pristiphora erichsonii averaged 20–35%, which may have limited further population increase. Although foliage reduction and branch mortality were observed, mortality of whole trees was not a general characteristic of this outbreak.

Résumé

L’activité de la tenthrède du mélèze, signalée par la présence de cicatrices de ponte sur les pousses longues du mélèze laricin, Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch a été évaluée à plusieurs sites de la haute forêt boréale et de la toundra forestière du Québec en 1988 et 1989. Les données indiquent que la tenthrède du mélèze est établie jusqu’à la limite des arbres, même sur des mélèzes isolés poussant sous des conditions climatiques extrêmes pour cette espèce d’arbre. La fréquence des pousses scarifiées en fonction du temps indique que les populations régionales de la tenthrède ont atteint des niveaux épidémique s au cours des années 1980, ayant culminé vers 1981 pour la haute forêt boréale et 1985 pour les sites subarctiques échantillonnés. La production de pousses longues par le mélèze laricin a cessé de croître régulièrement lors de l’élévation soudaine de la population de tenthrède le long de la Grande Rivière de la Balcine en 1984. Dans ce secteur en 1985, la proportion des pousses longues scarifiées par Pristiphora erichsonii atteignait 20–35%, un niveau d’utilisation qui a possiblement limité la poursuite de l’augmentation de la population de tenthrède. Malgré que la réduction de l’ampleur du feuillage et la mort de branches aient été observées, la mortalité d’arbres entiers n’est pas apparue comme une caractéristique générale de cette épidémie de la tenthrède du mélèze.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 3 , June 1991 , pp. 611 - 619
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arquillière, S., Filion, L., Gajewski, K., and Cloutier, C.. 1990. A dendroecological analysis of eastern larch (Larix laricina) in subarctic Québec. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 1312–1319.Google Scholar
Baltensweiler, W., Benz, G., Bovey, P., and Delucchi, V.. 1977. Dynamics of larch bud moth populations. A. Rev. Ent. 22: 79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckwitz, L.C., and Drooz, A.T.. 1956. Tamarack mortality in Minnesota due to larch sawfly outbreaks. J. Forestry 52: 268–269.Google Scholar
Blais, J.R. 1983. Trends in the frequency, extent and severity of spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 539–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, W.J. 1964. The larch sawfly in Newfoundland. Can. Dept. Forestry For. Ent. Pathol. Branch Prog. Rep. 20: 1.Google Scholar
Cayouette, J. 1987. La flore vasculaire de la région du Lac Chavigny (58°12′N.–75°08′O.), Nouveau-Québec. Provancheria 20: 1–51.Google Scholar
Clausen, J.J., and Kozlowski, T.T.. 1967. Seasonal growth characteristics of long and short shoots of tamarack. Can. J. Bot. 45: 1643–1651.Google Scholar
Coppel, H.C., and Leius, K.. 1955. History of the larch sawfly, with notes on origin and biology. Can. Ent. 87: 103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dansereau, P. 1958. Effets des parasites sur les structures de végétation. Rapp. Soc. Prot. Pl. Québec 39: 24–39.Google Scholar
Drooz, A.T. 1960. The larch sawfly — its biology and control. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1212. 52 pp.Google Scholar
Drooz, A.T., and Meyer, D.. 1955. Determination of the age of tamarack twigs and an indication of aborted twig elongation. J. Forestry 53: 454–455.Google Scholar
Fletcher, J. 1885. The larch sawfly, Nematus erichsonii (Hartig). A. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 15: 72–77.Google Scholar
Fyles, T.W. 1884. Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1883. A. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 14: 17.Google Scholar
Fyles, T.W. 1892. Nematus erichsonii: A retrospect. A. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 22: 28–30.Google Scholar
Fyles, T.W. 1906. The tamarack growth in the eastern townships of the province of Quebec. Can. Forestry J. 2: 132–134.Google Scholar
Hagen, H.A. 1881. Entomological notes. 3. Nematus erichsonii on Larix europaea. Can. Ent. 13: 37.Google Scholar
Heron, R.J. 1952. Substitute shoot production by tamarack. Can. Dept. Agric. For. Biol. Div. Prog. Rep. 9: 2.Google Scholar
Hustich, I. 1950. Notes on the forests on the east coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Acta Geogr. 11: 1–83.Google Scholar
Ives, G.W.H. 1976. The dynamics of larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) populations in southeastern Manitoba. Can. Ent. 108: 701–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, G.W.H., and Muldrew, J.A.. 1984. Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), Larch sawfly (Tenthredinidae). pp. 369–380in Biological Control Programmes against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1969–1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal.Google Scholar
Ives, W.G., and Nairn, L.D.. 1966. Effects of defoliation on young upland tamarack in Manitoba. Forestry Chron. 42: 137–142.Google Scholar
Ives, W.G.H., and Wong, H.R.. 1988. Tree and Shrub Insects of the Prairie Provinces. Can. Forestry Serv. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-292. 327 pp.Google Scholar
Jarvis, T.D. 1904. Notes on injurious insects of the Abitibi region. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 34: 100–101.Google Scholar
Kulman, H.M. 1971. Effects of insect defoliation on growth and mortality of trees. A. Rev. Ent. 16: 289–324.Google Scholar
Maltais, P.M., Juillet, J.J., and de Oliveira, D.D.. 1980. Ecologie et dynamique des populations de la tenthrède du mélèze, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), au parc national de Kouchibouguac au Nouveau-Brunswick. Ann. Soc. ent. Québec 25: 141–162.Google Scholar
Martineau, R. 1985. Insectes Nuisibles des Forêts de l'Est du Canada. Marcel Brocquet, Laprairie. 283 pp.Google Scholar
McGugan, B.M., and Coppel, H.C.. 1962. Larch sawfly — Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Tenthredinidae). pp. 109–155in A Review of Biological Control Attempts against Insects and Weeds in Canada. Part II. Biological Control of Forest Insects, 1910–1958. Technical Communication No. 7. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Trinidad. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal.Google Scholar
Morris, R.F. 1951. The effects of flowering on the foliage production and growth of balsam fir. Forestry Chron. 27: 40–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R.F. (Ed.). 1963. The Dynamics of Epidemic Spruce Budworm Populations. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 31. 322 pp.Google Scholar
Nairn, L.D. 1958. The importance of adventitious growth in tamarack. Can. Dept. Agric. For. Biol. Div. Prog. Rep. 14: 2–3.Google Scholar
Nairn, L.D., Reeks, W.A., Webb, F.E., and Hildahl, V.. 1962. History of larch sawfly outbreaks and their effect on tamarack stands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 94: 242–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niemelä, P., Tuomi, J., and Haukioja, E.. 1980. Age-specific resistance in trees: Defoliation of tamaracks (Larix laricina) by larch bud moth (Zeiraphera improbana) (Lep., Tortricidae). Rep. Kevo Subarct. Res. Stat. 16: 49–57.Google Scholar
Payette, S., and Gagnon, R.. 1979. Tree-line dynamics in Ungava Peninsula, northern Quebec. Holarct. Ecol. 2: 239–348.Google Scholar
Payette, S., Morneau, C., Sirois, L., and Desponts, M.. 1989. Recent fire history of the northern Québec biomes. Ecology 70: 656–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provancher, L'Abbé L. 1885. Le némate d'Erichson Nematus erichsonii Hartig. Nat. Can. 15: 45–53.Google Scholar
Rhoades, D.F. 1985. Offensive-defensive interactions between herbivores and plants: Their relevance in herbivore population dynamics and ecological theory. Am. Nat. 125: 205–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, J.S. 1983. Concepts of fire effects on plant individuals and species. pp. 135–154 in Wein, R.W., and Maclean, D.A. (Eds.), The Role of Fire on Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems. Wiley, New York, NY. 322 pp.Google Scholar
Tenow, O. 1972. The outbreaks of Oporina autumnata Bkh. and Operophtera spp. (Lep. Geometridae) in the Scandinavian mountain chain and Northern Finland 1862–1968. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala, suppl. 2: 1–107.Google Scholar
Turnock, W.J. 1954. Tamarack killed by larch sawfly. Can. Dep. Agric. For. Biol. Div. Prog. Rep. 10: 2.Google Scholar
Turnock, W.J. 1960. Ecological life-history of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 92: 500–516.Google Scholar
Turnock, W.J., and McLeod, B.B.. 1966. The larch sawfly in the Northern Transitional Forest of Central Canada. Proc. ent. Soc. Man. 22: 55–60.Google Scholar
Turnock, W.J., and Muldrew, J.A.. 1971. Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). pp. 175–194in Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1959–1968. Part III. Biological Control of Forest Insect Pests in Canada, 1959–1968. Technical Communication No. 4. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Trinidad. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal.Google Scholar
Turnock, W.J., and Muldrew, J.A.. 1972. Characteristics of Bessa harveyi (Diptera: Tachinidae) suggesting the historic introduction of the larch sawfly to North America. Man. Ent. 6: 49–53.Google Scholar
Wallace, D.R. 1954. Some reactions of larch trees to larch sawfly defoliation. Can. Dept. Agric. For. Biol. Div. Prog. Rep. 10: 2.Google Scholar
West, D.C., Shugart, H.H., and Botkin, D.B. (Eds.). 1981. Forest Sucession Concepts and Application. Springer Verlag, New York, NY. 517 pp.Google Scholar
Wong, H.R. 1974. Identification and origin of the strains of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in North America. Can. Ent. 106: 1121–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar