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LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGG PARASITE ANASTATUS DISPARIS (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE) IN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY MOTH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. R. Sullivan ,
K. J. Griffiths  and
D. R. Wallace
C. R. Sullivan
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
K. J. Griffiths
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
D. R. Wallace
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
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Abstract

The overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.

Résumé

La larve mature hivernante du parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka au sein de la membrane secondaire de l’oeuf (ou chorion) de la spongieuse, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., est sensible à la gelée et elle possède un point moyen de super refroidissement de −28.8 ± 0.14°C. Ce niveau d’endurcissement au froid n’est pas augmenté si on expose la larve à des basses températures sublétales. Au-delà de 85% des larves survécurent 10 mois à 0°C et 4 jours à 12° ou −18°C, des deux temps suivis de 2 à 3 mois additionnels à 0°C, mais plus de la moitié des survivantes tombèrent dans une diapause prolongée, laquelle ne fut pas produite (ne se produisit pas) par un élevage subséquent à température de la pièce. Il semble que le parasite est capable de survivre aux conditions hivernales du Canada, dans la même aire géographique que la spongieuse; il est donc recommandé d’introduire A. disparis dans les endroits du Canada où la spongieuse est actuellement présente.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 109 , Issue 2 , February 1977 , pp. 215 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

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