The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1868–71

doi:10.1017/S2042171000002302

^{page 1 note 1} Roundell Palmer refused the chancellorship since he opposed Irish disestablishment; cf. Selborne, , Memorials, Personal and Political (1898), i. 113–14Google Scholar, and Add. MS. 44296, fo. 133. Sir William Page Wood, Sir A. Cockburn, J. D. Coleridge, and Lords Westbury and Romilly were considered ; cf. Granville to Gladstone, 29 Aug. 1868, Add. MS. 44165, fo. 174. Page Wood accepted office (4 Dec.), becoming Lord Hatherley, Add. MS. 44205, fo. 10. Cockburn declined a peerage ; cf. Guedalla, i. 145.

^{page 2 note 1} He was offered and accepted a junior lordship of the Treasury instead ; cf. Gladstone to Lansdowne, 15 Dec, Lansdowne to Gladstone, 16 Dec., Add MS. 44417, fos. 146, 155, and no. 5 below.

^{page 2 note 2} Lady Marian Alford and Lady Margaret Leveson-Gower. All four were children of the second marquis of Northampton.

^{page 2 note 3} The father, Lord Strafford, had complained about his son's exclusion from the government, Strafford to Granville, 10, 11 Dec, G.D. 29/22A.

^{page 3 note 1} A lordship-in-waiting offered 11 Dec. and declined 13 Dec. Gladstone's letter describes his use of Household appointments to strengthen the Liberal force in the Lords, Add. MS. 44417, fos. 78, III.

^{page 3 note 2} Gladstone revived the sixth lordship of the Treasury, abolished in 1847 ; see Treasury Minute 28 Dec. 1868. Parl. papers. H.C. 13 (1868–69). xxxiv, 621Google Scholar. In 1868 there were three senior and three junior lords : Gladstone, Lowe, Stansfield ; W. P. Adam, J. C. W. Vivian (answering financial War Office questions), Lord Lansdowne (unsalaried, answering for the Treasury in the Lords). In Oct. 1869 the third senior lordship lapsed, when Stansfield became a joint-secretary, but a fourth junior lord (W. H. Gladstone) was appointed. After 1871 when Vivian joined the permanent staff of the War Office, there were only five lords of the Treasury.

^{page 4 note 1} The lord justiceship of appeal in chancery, vacated by Sir W. Page Wood. Roundell Palmer refused the office, Selborne, Memorials, i. 113. Sir George Markham Giffard accepted it, 21 Dec, Add. MS. 44417, fo. 214.

^{page 4 note 2} That the best man, whatever his politics, should be appointed. In 1831 Grey made Lynd-hurst, who had been lord chancellor in the preceding Tory ministry, chief baron of the exchequer. Cf. to and from Hatherley, 14, 15 Dec, Add. MS. 44205, fos. 19, 20.

^{page 4 note 3} The select committees which investigated the Leonard Edmunds and Leeds Bankruptcy Court cases found Westbury at fault and the Commons passed a vote of censure upon him, 3 July 1865, Hans. Part. Deb. 3rd ser. clxxx. 1045–1138Google Scholar.

^{page 5 note 1} Cf. Granville to Westbury, 16 Dec, and reply 17 Dec, G. D. 29/67. The upshot was the offer, also unsuccessful, of the vacancy to Cairns ; cf. Gladstone to Cairns, 19 Dec, and reply 20 Dec, Add. MS. 44417, fos. 200, 207, and note on copy of no. 7 in Add. MS. 44165, fo. 226.

^{page 5 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 20 Dec, asking him to send no. 7 to Lord Cairns, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 5 note 3} Gladstone comments on the several enclosures in an untraced letter from Granville. 4 Relates to a lordship-in-waiting offered to Camden 24 Dec., and Carysfort 28 Dec, Add. MS. 44417, fos. 242, 267.

^{page 5 note 4} Possibly included (i) Archdeacon Stopford to Gladstone, 26 Dec., on the Irish Church bill, Add. MS. 44417, fo. 257; (ii) Gladstone's scheme of the latter which had gone to Fortescue, 26 Dec., and was now sent, 28 Dec., to the Irish Attorney-General for drafting and to Granville.

^{page 5 note 6} By William Atkins, dean of Ferns, Add. MS. 44417, fos. 203–6.

^{page 5 note 7} 18 Dec., offering Harristown as a royal residence in Ireland, Add. MS. 44417, fo. 184 ; cf. Gladstone to the Queen, 6 Jan. 1870.

^{page 5 note 8} Minute by Fortescue, 27 Dec, Add. MS. 44121, fo. 76, which Gladstone followed in letters to La Touche 30 Dec. discouraging, and 3 April 1869 rejecting, Add. MS. 44536, fos. 84, 139.

^{page 5 note 9} Died 22 Dec. 1868 without direct heirs.

^{page 6 note 1} Printed Fitzmaurice, i. 539–40 (without the last sentence) ; see also G. M. Trevelyan, The Life of John Bright (1913), pp. 398–401.

^{page 7 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 1 Jan., reporting Carysfort's refusal of a lordship-in-waiting (above, no. 8), G.D. 29/29A, Granville to Gladstone, 5 Jan., suggesting other names, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 2, not printed. Lord Lurgan was appointed. An undated mem. by Granville on the retirement of Lord James Murray, an equerry, Add. MS. 44165, fo. 238, also not printed.

^{page 7 note 2} High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. Lord Stair was appointed.

^{page 8 note 1} Granville dates the letter at the end Jan 6/68 and at the beginning Jan 7/68.

^{page 8 note 2} Relates to the Irish Protestant bishops' application to meet in synod, referred by Bruce to Gladstone, 31 Dec, and by him to Granville, Add. MS. 44086, fo. 10.

^{page 8 note 3} No. 3, 12 Dec. 1868, asking for a statement from the new administration that it adhered to the British North America Act of 1867. Cf. J. A. Pope, Correspondence of Sir J. A. Macdonald (1921), 80, 83. For the dispatch and Granville's statement to Young, No. 13, 13 Jan., C. O. 42/671. Cf. Young to Granville, No. 728 confidential, 7 Jan., CO. 42/675.

^{page 8 note 4} Untraced. Lord Monck's letter, 23 Dec, enclosed General Doyle's; see note on no. 14.

^{page 9 note 1} Moved for an enquiry into Nova Scotia's attitude to the confederation of Canada, but failed to carry it, Hans. Part. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcii. 1658–96.

^{page 9 note 2} Letter marked : ‘ direct if necessary to Aldenham, Bridgenorth ’.

^{page 9 note 3} Monsell to Granville, 6 Jan., G.D. 29/25A ; cf. Fortescue to Bruce, 1 Feb., Add. M.S. 44086, fo. 21, and Parl. papers. H.C. 72 and H.C. 125 (1868–69). li. 531. 533.

^{page 9 note 4} For lordship-in-waiting and knighthood of the Thistle respectively.

^{page 9 note 5} For lordship-in-waiting.

^{page 10 note 1} Granville visited Gladstone at Hawarden, 18–20 Jan. ; see Granville to Gladstone, 21 Jan., Add. MS. 44166, fo. 11, not printed. This letter also proposed peers to move and second the address.

^{page 10 note 2} See Granville to Bright, 14 Jan. His reply, 17 Jan., called the British North America Act ‘ a gross violation of all the principles ’ on which we had governed the colonies for the last 25 years but did not press for cabinet discussion, G.D. 29/52. Granville circulated Bright's letter in the cabinet, Cardwell to Granville, 21 Jan., G.D. 29/53.

^{page 10 note 3} From Spencer, 22 Jan., enclosing mem. by his private secretary C. S. Roundell of a conversation with the archbishop of Dublin, 21 Jan., on the intransigence of the archbishops of Dublin and Armagh, Add. MS. 44306, fos. 44–50.

^{page 11 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 28 Jan., G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 11 note 2} 3 Feb., on her refusal to open Parliament, Guedalla, i. 156–7 ; cf. Gen. Grey to Granville, 21 Jan., G.D. 29/32. No. 23 is minuted ‘ I quite agree E. C[ardwell].’ The comment in its last paragraph was prompted by Jenner's conversation with Gladstone, 1 Feb.

^{page 11 note 3} On the Irish Church bill, stated in mem. 21 Jan., communicated by Gladstone at Osborne during the weekend 22–23 Jan. (cf. Guedalla, i. 151–6), possibly developed by Granville, who was at Osborne 5–6 Feb.

^{page 12 note 1} Printed Morley, ii. 260. See the Queen to Gladstone, 12 Feb., for account of the interview, Guedalla, i. 160, Morley, ii. 261.

^{page 12 note 2} That she receive in person at Buckingham Palace the addresses of the two houses in answer to the speech from the throne. See Bruce to Gladstone, 9 Feb., Add. MS. 44086, fo. 32, marked : ‘ Ld Granville what do you say W E G F. 10 ’.

^{page 12 note 3} Gen. Grey to Granville, 13 Feb., and reply, 14 Feb., refusing to delay the introduction of the Irish Church bill, G.D. 29/22A ; printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 7–9.

^{page 12 note 4} Lord Stanley of Alderley. He refused the lord-lieutenancy of Anglesey 18 Feb., Add. MS. 44419, fo. 92.

^{page 13 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 15 Feb. : ‘ All well today at Osborne ’, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 13 note 2} From the Speaker, 16 Feb., urging that as the Queen's speech opening Parliament was not to be delivered personally, the addresses should be presented by the privy council and not by members of the two houses to the Queen in person. Add. MS. 44261, fo. 275 ; from Glyn, 16 Feb., stating that the personal reception by the Queen was not expected. Add. MS. 44347, fo. 290.

^{page 13 note 3} No. 29 must have been returned with the enclosures after circulation since Gladstone's papers contain the original and not a copy.

^{page 13 note 4} On papers circulated in no. 29 and possibly misdated. Further minutes, in agreement, by Lowe, Argyll, Hatherley, Clarendon, de Grey, Childers, Kimberley and Bright follow. Minute by Bruce, Add. MS. 44086, fo. 34. See also Gladstone to the Speaker, 18 Feb., Add. MS. 44261, fo. 277. The ceremony was fixed for 22 Feb. but was later cancelled, Guedalla, i. 163–6.

^{page 14 note 1} See Parker to Gladstone, 20 Feb., sent to Granville 22 Feb., urging that Lord Rollo, a Liberal, should be brought back into the Lords, Add. MS. 44419, fo. 108. Rollo and Lord Kellie (Conservative) gained an equal number of votes in the election of representative peers for Scotland and the latter took the seat, L.J. (1868–69), 5, 25–6. See below, no. 74.

^{page 14 note 2} Irish Church bill.

^{page 15 note 1} In 1865–66 Parliament agreed that new law courts be built north of the Strand. Lowe favoured a site south of it. See Gladstone to Lowe, 1 Feb., on the difficulty of re-opening the subject, Add. MS. 44536, fo. 107 ; and note of the cabinet decision, 6 March, Add. MS. 44637, fo. 30. A bill for the acquisition of the southern site (Parl. papers. H.C. 113 (1868–69). ii, 117) introduced into the Commons, 10 May, was dropped. Cf. Report of Select Committee on the New Law Courts. Parl. papers. H.C. 381 (1868–69). x. 625. It was appointed, 28 June, and reported in favour of the north and present site, 30 July.

^{page 15 note 2} See below, no. 38, note.

^{page 16 note 1} The debate, 8 March, on the reorganization of the Treasury (see above no. 5 note) turned on the position of Stansfield (and the third senior lordship), Vivian (and War Office arrangements), Lansdowne (the principle of unsalaried office), Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxciv. 842–63.

^{page 16 note 2} See below, no. 38, note.

^{page 16 note 3} 11 March, deprecating resignation, Add. MS. 44536, fo. 128.

^{page 16 note 4} Cardwell in the Commons' debate defended unsalaried office as economical. Gladstone, concerned to strengthen the Liberals in the Lords, saw it as an apprenticeship for young peers.

^{page 16 note 5} At the inaugural dinner of the Royal Colonial Institute, 10 March.

^{page 16 note 6} The committee proposed was a joint committee of the two houses. It was to consider parliamentary procedure, aiming at a better distribution of business between Lords and Commons. Granville's motion was carried in the Lords, 15 March. Six peers being then appointed, the Commons appointed their representatives, 16 March, L.J. (1868–69), 71, C.J. (1868–69), 84, 86–7. For the report of the committee, 2 Aug., see Parl. papers. H.C. 386 (1868–69). vii, 171, and below, nos. 200, 201.

^{page 16 note 7} Granville in fact moved first.

^{page 17 note 1} See Correspondence relating to the Surrender of Rupert's Land by the Hudson's Bay Company … Parl. papers. H.C. 440 (1868–69). xliii, 373Google Scholar.

^{page 17 note 2} No. 40 was sent to the Queen who replied 12 March, that she would ‘ see both ’, G.D. 29/32. They went to Windsor 24 March, Boyd, J., Sir George Étienne Cartier (1914), p. 300Google Scholar.

^{page 17 note 3} Russell introduced a bill to create life peerages, 9 April, which was shelved on the third reading, 8 July. The archbishop of Canterbury introduced a bill enabling bishops to resign on grounds of ill health, 5 July, which became law, 11 Aug.

^{page 17 note 4} Cf. Gladstone to Russell, 16 March, Gooch, G. P., The Later Correspondence of Lord John Russell (1925), ii. 369Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 1} About a Treasury ruling on loans raised by colonial governments under the guarantee of the imperial government, correspondence 20–29 March, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 18 note 2} The Irish Church bill passed its second reading by a majority of 118.

^{page 18 note 3} For cabinets of 20 March and 6 April, see Add. MS. 44637, fos. 36, 37.

^{page 18 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 23 March, proposing a non-committal answer to T. Fairbairn's request for a baronetcy for his father. Add. MS. 44166, fo. 37, not printed.

^{page 18 note 5} Cf. Strzelecki to Gladstone, 11 and 21 March, Add. MS. 44419, fos. 202, 260. Strzelecki claimed a money acknowledgement of his work in Australia. He was made K.C.M.G. ; Gladstone to Granville, 29 March, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 18 note 6} Instruction by Gladstone on the back of no. 45 : ‘ Summon a Cabinet for tomorrow at one if Mr. Monsell from Lord Granville asks for it. Ap. 3.’ The cabinet did not meet.

^{page 18 note 7} 2 April, enclosing tel., 31 Nov., from the President and the Speaker of the Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island petitioning for the reprieve of convict Dewey, G.D. 29/52. Bright's last paragraph described hanging as ‘ unphilosophical and unchristian ’. Granville refused the reprieve.

^{page 19 note 1} Manning to Gladstone, 10 April, on his wish to state the objections of the Catholic bishops of England and Ireland to the Scotch education bill. Add. MS. 44249, fo. 74.

^{page 19 note 2} Urging the postponement of the committee stage, due 12 April, of the Scotch education bill, in order to give time for agreement with the Catholics on religious instruction in the grantaided schools. The committee was postponed until 10 May. During a difficult passage the bill was amended by the Commons, and finally shelved by the Lords.

^{page 16 note 3} 11 April, proposing to call on Gladstone on the morning of 12 April before seeing Kimberley and de Grey at the Council Office, copy, G.D. 29/57.

^{page 16 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 11 April, fixing a meeting at 11 a.m., 12 April, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 45, not printed.

^{page 20 note 1} Between Clarendon and the Queen, 13–17 April, on foreign policy. Letters, 2nd ser. i. 589. 593. Cf. Gladstone to Gen. Grey, 17 April, Guedalla, i. 169–72 ; Gladstone to Clarendon, 16, 17, 18 April, Add. MS. 44536, fos. 144, 146, 147 ; Morley, ii. 316–18, Temperley and Penson, Foundations, pp. 317–18.

^{page 20 note 2} Wrongly sorted with letters for 1872.

^{page 20 note 3} The Queen to Gladstone, 1 May, withdrawing a demand, prompted by the case of the mayor of Cork, for firmness in Ireland, Guedalla, i. 172–4.

^{page 21 note 1} Relates to Earl Grey's speech in the Lords, 26 April, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcv. 1545. The controversial point was the influence of the Fenian Outrages upon the Liberals' conversion to Irish disestablishment; cf. Grey to Gladstone, 27 April, Add. MS. 44420, fo. 182, reply 28 April, Add. MS. 44536, fo. 152.

^{page 21 note 2} During the debates on the bill to disable O'Sullivan, the mayor of Cork, from holding the office of mayor and justice of the peace (after his remarks on the attempt on the Prince of Wales's life, 27 April), a desire for legislation to give parliament control over the magistracy had been voiced, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvi. 186 ff., 572–3, 576 ff. The order to hear evidence against O'Sullivan was revoked, on his promise to resign, and the bill withdrawn.

^{page 21 note 3} Granville to Gen. Grey, 7 June, forwarded Lord Bury's letter to the Queen who gave her approval, G.D. 29/32.

^{page 22 note 1} See Granville to Bowen, No. 62, 21 May, refusing the New Zealand government's request to delay the departure of the last British regiment, C.O. 209/210 following Bowen's dispatch No. 30, 11 March; Parl. papers. H.C. 307 (1868–69). xliv, 483.

^{page 22 note 2} Untraced, possibly concerned Mackinnon's claim to a peerage ; see Meade to Gladstone, 9 June, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 67.

^{page 22 note 3} Bright revived his scheme for land purchase in Ireland, first opened in a speech at Dublin, 30 Oct. 1866, in the cabinet of 14 May, Add. MS. 44637, fo. 58.

^{page 22 note 4} Refers to the debate at Russell's instance in the Lords, 13 May, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvi. 707 ff. ; cf. Russell to Granville 1, 14 May, G.D. 29/57.

^{page 22 note 5} Bishop Ellicott to Gladstone, 15, 20 May, Gladstone to Ellicott, 18 May, on increasing the episcopate and Ellicott's intention to vote against the second reading of the Irish Church bill. Add. MS. 44420, fos. 267, 283, 290.

^{page 22 note 6} 21 and 22 May on land purchase, Add. MS. 44112, fos. 87, 89. Bright enclosed a letter from a Mr. Brown on the injustice likely to result from the sale of the Waterford estates. Cf. Trevelyan, G. M., The Life of John Bright (1913), p. 410Google Scholar.

^{page 23 note 1} Manners asked, 10 May, whether the government intended to introduce any measure for the better protection of life in Ireland, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvi. 470Google Scholar.

^{page 23 note 2} An Act to simplify the Law of Tenure in Ireland. Parl. papers. H.L. 36 (1868–69). vii, 279Google Scholar. Clanricarde introduced it, 5 April, and it passed its second reading, 20 April, but was shelved, 26 April.

^{page 23 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 15, 19 May, on Gordon's suitability for colonial employment, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 24 note 1} Gladstone to Cathcart, No. 14, 3 Feb. 1846, copy in G.D. 29/57. Cf. Granville to Young, confidential, 14 June, on the separation of Canada from the empire, C.O. 42/678 after documents of 11 Nov. See below, no. 195.

^{page 24 note 2} See no. 61.

^{page 24 note 3} Refers to Gladstone's relationship to John Motley, newly appointed American minister in London. Gladstone believed Motley to have virtually called him liar in his dispatch to Seward from Vienna, No. 8, Oct., which commented on Gladstone's Newcastle speech, 17 Oct. 1862, Papers relating to Foreign Affairs, 1861–62, pp. 571–3 ; sent home in Lyons to Russell, No. 495, 8 Dec, F.O. 5/839. Argyll intervened but failed to obtain any repudiation from Motley, Add. MSS. 44536, fos. 135, 136, 44420, fo. 180, and 44101, fos. 37, 45, 50–2. Clarendon also failed. Add. MSS. 44536, fos. 135, 136, 157, and 44133, fos. 215–21. Nos. 60–2 were the result of Granville's successful mediation. See also his exchange of letters with Clarendon, 2 June, G.D. 29/55.

^{page 26 note 1} Note by Granville that he had given this message to Clarendon who ‘ will conform to it ’, 3 June, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 65, not printed.

^{page 26 note 2} Tait to Gladstone, private and confidential, 3 June, Add. MS. 44330, fo. 79, printed R. Davidson and W. Benham, Life of Archbishop Tait (1891), ii. 20 ; cf. Morley, ii, 267. Tait, at the Queen's instance, offered his help in negotiations with the Conservative leaders of the Lords, where the Irish Church bill was about to be read. He himself wished to pass the second reading, but to amend it materially in committee. Gladstone to Tait, 3 June, closed the door to direct negotiations for the time, Add. MS. 44330, fo. 83.

^{page 26 note 3} See Carlisle, H. E., Correspondence of Abraham Hayward (1886)Google Scholar, for this figure of Victorian society.

^{page 26 note 4} For Conservative opinions on the treatment of the Irish Church bill in the Lords see SirHardinge, A. H., The Fourth Earl of Carnarvon (1925), ii. 9–10Google Scholar.

^{page 26 note 5} 3 June, agreeing to entertain the Viceroy of Egypt, Guedalla, i. 177.

^{page 27 note 1} See below, no. 99.

^{page 27 note 2} Hardinge, op. cit. ii. 10

^{page 27 note 3} 8 June, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvi. 1370–7 ; see above, no. 41 note.

^{page 28 note 1} Bright's letter to his Birmingham constituents, read at the meeting of 10 June, dwelt on the danger to the Lords if it rejected the Irish Church bill; cf. Trevelyan, G. M., The Life of John Bright (1913), p. 403Google Scholar. Granville used the quotation in answering Cairns, 17 June, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvii. 10–17.

^{page 28 note 2} Relates to a confused invitation to dine and sleep ; see Gladstone to Granville, 16 June, G.D. 29/57, not printed, and the Queen to Granville, 16 June, G.D. 29/32.

^{page 28 note 3} Bright to Granville, 15, 17 June, disclaimed hostile intentions but refused regrets, G.D. 29/52.

^{page 28 note 4} Gladstone answered a question from Colonel North, but refused a debate, Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 121–2.

^{page 28 note 5} Gladstone to Granville, 17 June, on honour for Mr. Fitzpatrick, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 29 note 1} See below, no. 99.

^{page 29 note 2} See above, no 31. The royal proclamation of 18 June provided for a fresh election to the seat of representative peer for Scotland contested between Lords RoUo and Kellie, L.J. (1868–69), 447. After his defeat Rollo was created Baron Dunning, 29 June, in the peerage of the United Kingdom.

^{page 30 note 1} Note by Gladstone : ‘ Pray undeceive the Abp of York on this point W. E. G. Ju 22.’

^{page 30 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, copy, 1 July, forwarding text of the Pensions Commutation Bill, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 1, not printed.

^{page 30 note 3} Relates to the committee stage of the Irish Church bill in the Lords. Carnarvon moved and carried amendments to clause 23, despite the government's offer, on 1 July, to make compulsory the commutation of annuities (payable in compensation to the clergy) for a lump sum equal to 14 times the estimated aggregate value of the yearly income of all the clergy. See L.J. (1868–69), 422–3 ; Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcvii. 940–1Google Scholar; Parl. papers. H.C. 27, H.C. 209 (1868–69). iii, 96, 203.

^{page 30 note 4} The cabinet met in Bruton Street, Add. MS. 44637, fos. 75, 77.

^{page 30 note 5} Lords' amendments to clauses 2 and 12 of the Irish Church bill moved the vesting date for the new commissioners from Jan. 1871 to Jan. 1872. Carnarvon moved to return to 1871 on the report stage, but the month was then altered to May. See L.J. (1868–69), 458, 460, Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 9 July, 1484–8.

^{page 30 note 6} See no. 76, note.

^{page 31 note 1} I.e. as compensation for private endowments, a concession offered by the government on clause 29. See Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 5 July, 1123–5; Parl. papers. H.C. 27, H.C. 209 (1868–69). iii. 101, 211.

^{page 31 note 2} Gladstone had urged the Queen to remain at Windsor until the Irish Church bill was passed, Guedalla, i. 185–7.

^{page 32 note 1} This refers to the Lords' proceedings on 5 July. The archbishop of Canterbury carried an amendment to include royal grants since 1560 (Ulster glebes) in the land to be retained by the independent Church. This amounted to a rejection of the condition on which the government's concession of £500,000 compensation for private endowments was offered ; see above, no. 79, and below, nos. 83, 84.

^{page 32 note 2} Relates to the Lords' amendment which directed that the surplus should be spent under parliamentary control and not by authority of an order in council as provided in the preamble and clause 59 (later 68) ; see L.J. (1868–69), 443, 444 ; Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 1228–31, 1254–6 ; Parl. papers. H.C. 27, H.C. 209 (1868–69). iii, 114, 229.

^{page 32 note 3} See L.J. (1868–69), 9 July, 461.

^{page 33 note 1} Cf. Morley, ii. 272 ; the Queen to Gladstone, 11 July, Gladstone to the Queen, 12 July, Letters 2nd ser. 616–18, Guedalla, i. 189–91.

^{page 33 note 2} Part of the letter concerning the Queen's health has been omitted.

^{page 33 note 3} Dean Wellesley.

^{page 34 note 1} To consider the Lords' amendments to the Irish Church bill, which had passed the Lords, 12 July.

^{page 35 note 1} The Commons sat until after midnight on 16th. Reasons against some of the Lords' amendments were reported and agreed to early oa the morning of Sat. 17th, C.J., (1868–69), 334–8.

^{page 35 note 2} W. H. Gladstone.

^{page 35 note 3} Disraeli's mem. of proposals to settle the conflict between the Houses communicated to Lord Bessborough. Cf. Morley, ii. 274–7, and below, no. 99.

^{page 37 note 1} For Gladstone's record of the meeting with Tait see Morley, ii. 275 ; for Tait's, see R. P. Davidson and W. Benham, Life of Archbishop Tait (1891), ii. 40–1. The cabinet met Wed. 21 July at 11 a.m., Add. MS, 44637, fo. 90. The three concessions :—curate's amendment, Ulster glebes, free transference of glebe houses, clauses 15, 27, 29.

^{page 37 note 2} Cf. Granville's two telegrams to the Queen before and after the Lords' debate, 20 July, G.D. 29/32. The meeting of Granville with Cairns occurred after the failure of Gladstone's negotiations with Tait; cf. Granville to the Queen, tel. 21 July, G.D. 29/32. Agreement was finally reached in the meeting of 22 July, described in no. 99 below.

^{page 38 note 1} See Halifax to Granville, 21 July, offering his services in the negotiations, G.D. 29/64.

^{page 38 note 2} For the Lords' proceedings, 22 July, on the Commons' amendments to the Lords' amendments, see L.J. (1868–69), 518–20 ; for Commons' statement on which proceedings were based, ibid., 504–7.

^{page 38 note 3} See Gladstone to Tait, 21 [22] July, showing that there was nothing further to propose, the fate of the bill now lying with the majority in the Lords, Add. MS. 44330, fo. 98.

^{page 38 note 4} Received 22 July, Morley, ii. 276, and below, no. 99.

^{page 39 note 1} On the passing of the Irish Church bill, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcviii. 564 ff.

^{page 39 note 2} Granville, in Gladstone's absence, noted the topics of cabinet discussion, see Add. MS. 44637, fo. 93.

^{page 40 note 1} Arthur Kinnaird to Gladstone, 31 July, on growing disaffection in New Zealand, copy, G.D. 29/57.

^{page 40 note 2} See mem. on ‘ critical days ’, 3 Sept., Add. MS. 44758, fos. 1–14.

^{page 40 note 3} See below, no. 99.

^{page 40 note 4} To Granville, 4 Aug., on Irish feeling about Church reform, G.D. 29/71.

^{page 40 note 5} Minute of opinions on Princess Louise's marrying a commoner, 4 Aug., Add. MS. 44167, fo. 99; put with Gladstone's papers for 1870 but shown by drafts, G.D. 29/31, to belong to 1869.

^{page 40 note 6} Printed in Morley, except sections starred, ii. 269, 270–1, 277–8.

^{page 42 note 1} Bessborough to Gladstone, 19 Aug., on fate of these papers, Add. MS. 44421, fo. 289.

^{page 42 note 2} Untraced. Lord Southwell claimed a United Kingdom peerage ; see Southwell to Monsell, sent to Granville, 5 July, to Hatherley and to Gladstone, 17 July, Add. MSS. 44421, fos. 101, 168, 174.

^{page 42 note 3} See Lowe to Gladstone, 7 Aug., proposing the appointment of A. S. Ayrton as chief commissioner of works, vice Layard, Add. MS. 44301, fo. 63. Gladstone sent Lowe's letter to Clarendon, 8 Aug., asking him to offer the Madrid mission to Layard, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 22 ; Gladstone to Granville, 9 Aug., sending him Clarendon's discouraging reply, G.D. 29/29A, not printed.

^{page 43 note 1} The first three paragraphs printed in Fitzmaurice, ii. 15.

^{page 43 note 2} To Layard, 9 Aug., offering him the governorship of the Cape.

^{page 44 note 1} 10 Aug., declining the governorship of the Cape and referring to his wish for a diplomatic appointment, G.D. 29/99.

^{page 44 note 2} See above, no. 99.

^{page 45 note 1} Done after the reorganization of the War Office under the War Office Act, July 1870, 33 and 34, Viet., ch. 17.

^{page 46 note 1} I.e. to the offer, made through Granville, of the lord justiceship of appeal in chancery vacant by the death of Lord Justice Selwyn, 11 Aug. 1869 ; cf. above, no. 7.

^{page 46 note 2} Refers to Mackinnon to Granville, 14 Aug., on his claim to a peerage, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 127 ; cf. above, no. 55.

^{page 46 note 3} For appointment as British minister at Madrid.

^{page 46 note 4} In a speech to his constituents of the Tower Hamlets 1866, D.N.B. xxii. 89.

^{page 47 note 1} See the Queen to Granville, 22 Aug., Guedalla, i. 197–8 ; Granville to the Queen, 23 Aug., Add. MS. 44166, fo. 138, G.D. 29/32, part printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 16–18, fully printed Guedalla, i. 198–200.

^{page 47 note 2} Bouverie to Granville, 22 Aug., reporting (i) the improbability of Moncreiff's accepting the governorship of the Cape, and (ii) Moncreiff's resentment at his advice being ignored on Scottish affairs, G.D. 29/25A; see below, no. 114.

^{page 48 note 1} Baron Lionel de Rothschild, proposed for an English peerage.

^{page 48 note 2} The Queen to Granville, 24 Aug., printed Guedalla, i. 200–1.

^{page 49 note 1} None of the royal princes received an honour in the autumn of 1869.

^{page 49 note 2} 26 Aug., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 38. The question arose from the Sultan's attempt to control the domestic administration and financial policy of the Khedive. It was settled by the firman of 11 Dec. 1869.

^{page 49 note 3} Parochial Schools (Scotland) Bill, see above, no. 46. After the shelving of the bill by the Commons the Lords resolved, 10 Aug., to reprint the bill as amended by the Commons, L.J. (1868–69), 606.

^{page 50 note 1} John Fielder Mackarness, rector of Honiton, 1855–68.

^{page 50 note 2} Printed Guedalla, i. 201–2.

^{page 51 note 1} No. 116.

^{page 52 note 1} Read Madrid ? This mission, vacant since Si r John Crampton retired, July 1869, would be filled either by transferring Sir Charles Murray from Lisbon or Layard from the Office of Works; see above, no. 108.

^{page 52 note 2} Untraced. Granville to Gladstone, 30 Aug., G.D. 29/57, a n d Gladstone to Granville, 6 Sept., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 51, on the Herbert peerage (not printed), may relate to it.

^{page 52 note 3} See Russell to Granville, 26 Aug., Granville's reply, 28 Aug., Russell's rejoinder, 31 Aug., G.D. 29/79.

^{page 52 note 4} Mem. of negotiations 17–22 July on the Irish Church bill, 14 Aug., Add. MS. 44758, fos. 1–14. Cf. above, no. 97. B. was a memorandum of an overture from Disraeli to Bessborough, E. was Disraeli's rejoinder to the Liberal answer to his overture, and F. was Gladstone's letter to the Queen on the cabinet of 21 July.

^{page 53 note 1} 4 Sept., agreeing to delay the creation of peers until Nov., printed Guedalla, i. 202–3. For proposals for peerage and baronetcies, 1869, see Add. MS. 44758, fos. 149–68. Gladstone added later here : ‘ I have a misgiving about having already sent you a copy.’

^{page 53 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, copy, 6 Sept., on G. W. Dasent's application for the editorship of the Gazette, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 51, and Granville to Gladstone, 6 Sept., reporting return to Walmer, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 156, not printed.

^{page 53 note 3} Sept., Add. MS. 44306, fo. 130.

^{page 54 note 1} His journey to Canada was nearly abandoned owing to the Fenian danger; see Granville to the Queen, 28 July, and her reply, 29 July, G.D. 29/32. He began a tour of Upper Canada on 20 Sept.

^{page 54 note 2} Copy in Add. MS. 44537, fo. 58, dated 13 Sept.

^{page 54 note 3} 14 Sept., copy, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 58, enclosing Westbury to Gladstone, 12 Sept., refusing appointment as lord justice of appeal in chancery; cf. above, no. 107 note. The vacancy was not filled until 1875.

^{page 54 note 4} To Gladstone. Wiesbaden, 11 Sept., Add. MS. 44134, fo. 11.

^{page 55 note 1} Of the Falkland Islands. The bishop of Honolulu forwarded complaints from British residents of Stirling's attempt to extend his jurisdiction to the South American coast; see Gladstone to bishop of Honolulu and archbishop of Canterbury, 16 Sept., Add. MS. 44537, fos. 62–3; cf. Granville to Clarendon, 15 Aug., G.D. 29/55.

^{page 55 note 2} Granville's private secretary docketed this as dated 12 Sept., but Gladstone's figure was 18 and the letter is entered under that date in his letter-book.

^{page 58 note 1} Draft to Bowen, No. 115, 7 Oct., confirmed the policy of withdrawing British troops. Gladstone returned it with a pencil addition and the Queen's approval, C.O. 209/211. Cf. Parl. papers. [C. 83] (1870). 1, 217–19, and above, no. 55, below, no. 141.

^{page 58 note 2} The third, fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs printed in Morley, ii. 288–9.

^{page 58 note 3} 20 Sept., untraced. It looked to the drafting of the Irish land bill without further cabinet discussion; see Gladstone's reply, 27 Sept., and below, no. 132, note.

^{page 58 note 4} For cabinet of 26 Oct., see Add. MS. 44637, fo. 102.

^{page 60 note 1} To Fortescue, 27 Sept., Add. MS. 44121, fo. 175; cf. above, no. 129 note.

^{page 60 note 2} The rest of the letter has not survived in the original and is taken from the copy in Gladstone's letter-book, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 73.

^{page 60 note 3} Russell to Granville, 2 Jan., 26, 31 Aug., 3, 26 Sept., Granville to Russell, 5 Jan., 28 Aug., 27 Sept., G.D. 29/79. Lords Derby, Grey and Russell were made G.C.M.G. in March 1869. Russell meanwhile had opened a controversy with Granville on colonial policy. The insignia of the order, sent in by Russell in connection with his investiture, came to Granville by mistake. Granville hastily concluded that the controversy had caused Russell to resign. Russell to Granville, 30 Sept., cleared up the matter, G.D. 29/79.

^{page 61 note 1} Cf. 17 Sept., on the possibility of a cabinet split on Irish land, G.D. 29/55. No further letters have been traced.

^{page 61 note 2} Lowe to Granville, 28 Sept., is missing from G.D. 29/66.

^{page 61 note 3} At Watford, 28 Sept., mainly a defence of the House of Lords, The Times, 29 Sept., p., 7.

^{page 62 note 1} For Childers' career in Victoria, Australia, see E. Spencer Childers, The Life and Correspondence of Hugh C. E. Childers (1901), i. 23–78; for Lowe's career in New South Wales, see Martin, A. P., Life and Letters of Robert Lowe (1893), i. 144–402Google Scholar. The other three had served in the Colonial Office.

^{page 62 note 2} Gerald Fitzgibbon, Land Difficulty of Ireland, with an effort to solve it (1869); see above, no. 123, SirCampbell, George, The Irish Land … Part I. A visit in the spring. Part II. A visit in the autumn (1869)Google Scholar.

^{page 63 note 1} On his tour of Canada; see above, no. 122.

^{page 63 note 2} Cf. Gladstone to de Grey, 2 Oct., inviting him to prepare for a meeting of the cabinet ‘ to lay the foundation stone of our Educational Measure for England ’, Add. MS. 4453.7, fo. 78.

^{page 63 note 3} Cf. Mathieson, W. L., English Church Reform 1813–40 (1923), pp. 116–17Google Scholar, Davidson, R. P. and Benham, W., Life of Archbishop Tait (1891), ii. 53–7Google Scholar. See below, nos. 143, 181, 183, 186.

^{page 63 note 4} For the cabinets of 26, 30 Oct., 3, 5, 10 Nov., 7 Dec, see Add. MS. 44637, fos. 102–15.

^{page 63 note 5} Granville to Gladstone, confidential, 3 Oct., on the affairs of the Prince of Wales, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 172, not printed.

^{page 63 note 6} Lowe to Granville, 2 Oct., is missing from G.D. 29/66. Lowe visited Granville at Walmer on 6 Oct.

^{page 64 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, No. 2 secret, 5 Oct., on the affairs of the Prince of Wales, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 65 note 1} See above, no. 128.

^{page 65 note 2} Relates to an effort to find Mr. Engleheart, private secretary to Princess Christian, alternative employment; see the Queen to Granville, 10 March, 3 June (2 letters), 20, 25 June, 5 July, Granville to the Queen, 8 June, G.D. 29/32; the Queen to Gladstone, 7 Oct., Guedalla, i. 203.

^{page 66 note 1} Tait to Gladstone, 5 Oct., on increasing the episcopate. Add. MS. 44330, fo. 119. He returned Hatherley to Gladstone, 27 Sept., on the same subject, Add. MS. 44205, fo. 60; see above, nos. 55, 137, below, nos. 181, 183, 186.

^{page 66 note 2} Unidentified.

^{page 66 note 3} William Rawson of Seaforth.

^{page 66 note 4} Granville to Gladstone, 10 Oct., on the royal princes, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 182, not printed.

^{page 67 note 1} 8 Oct., Add. MS. 44306, fo. 154.

^{page 67 note 2} Leonard Edmunds, clerk to the patents, resigned with a pension after accusations of misappropriation of public money. He claimed compensation and a court of arbitration was constituted to try his claims, L.J. (1868–69),. 469, 523. It decided against him.

^{page 67 note 3} Granville crossed out a last sentence: ‘ Fetherstone and Dillon Bell will arrive in London from New Zealand in December [for loan negotiations] ’.

^{page 68 note 1} During the Prince of Wales's visit to Chester.

^{page 68 note 2} See above, nos. 128, 141.

^{page 68 note 3} 14 Oct., Add. MS. 44421, fo. 180.

^{page 68 note 4} 15 Oct., on Britain's policy in New Zealand, G.D. 29/79.

^{page 68 note 5} Russell continued, ‘ that Great Britain would be neutral between the British Colonists and the Natives ’.

^{page 69 note 1} Gladstone to Henry O'Shea and others, 18 Oct., answering memorials for the release of Feniaits, Add. MS. 44422, fo. 216. The reply was concerted with Fortescue; see correspondence 12, 17, 18 Oct., Add. MS. 44121, fos. 190, 204, 209. Cf. also Gladstone to Bright, 13 Oct., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 95. For Spencer's view see mem. and letter, 12 Oct., Add. MS. 44306, fos. 158, 164.

^{page 69 note 2} Arising from both evangelical and high church opposition to his consecration as bishop of Exeter, owing to his contribution to Essays and Reviews of 1860, see correspondence in Ada. MS. 44423, passim.

^{page 69 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 18 Oct., applying for clerical preferment for Benjamin Cowie, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 190, not printed.

^{page 69 note 4} To Fortescue, 19 Oct., Add. MS. 44121, fo. 219.

^{page 69 note 5} Layard went from the chief commissionership of works to the mission at Madrid, Clarendon to Layard, 4 Oct., and reply 11 Oct., Layard papers, Add. MS. 38997, fo. 6; Layard to Gladstone, 12 Oct., Add. MS. 44422, fo. 158. Ayrton moved from the secretaryship of the Treasury to the Board of Works, Gladstone to Ayrton, 13 Oct., and reply 15 Oct., Add. MS. 44422, fos. 168, 187. Stansfield replaced Ayrton as joint secretary to the Treasury.

^{page 70 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, copy, 21 Oct., on commissionership of customs, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 104, Granville to Gladstone, 25 Oct., on Prince of Wales and police protection, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 195, not printed.

^{page 70 note 2} Untraced, but Gladstone's reply, 24 Oct., indicates Fenian threats as the subject and proposes as in the third paragraph. Add. MS. 44537, fo. 112.

^{page 70 note 3} Baron Rothschild. For Sir Sampson Gideon, created Baron Eardley, see G.E.C. v. 1–2.

^{page 70 note 4} Gladstone wrote on the back, 26 Oct., an instruction to verify the information about Sir Sampson Gideon.

^{page 70 note 5} W. H. Gladstone, see above, no. 5 note.

^{page 70 note 6} Cf. Clarendon to Granville, 17 Sept., on his yielding to Gladstone's pressure, G.D. 29/55.

^{page 71 note 1} Canon Cook contributed to still the opposition in the chapter to the consecration of Temple as bishop of Exeter; cf. Lingen to Granville, 29 Oct., G.D. 29/74.

^{page 71 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 31 Oct., on honour for Torrens McCullagh, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 201, not printed.

^{page 71 note 3} Hatlierley to Gladstone, 31 Oct., Add. MS. 44205, fo. 69. Sullivan wished to give up the Irish attorney-generalship and his seat in the Commons, but Gladstone considered him indispensable on Irish questions; he had drafted the Irish Church bill; cf. Gladstone to Spencer, 29 Oct., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 121; below, nos. 166, 175.

^{page 71 note 4} In moving from Irish to English public life: he was dean of Dublin 1866–68 and bishop of Peterborough 1868–91.

^{page 71 note 5} Relates to the mistress-ship of the robes vacated by the duchess of Argyll.

^{page 72 note 1} For cabinet of 30 Oct. where Sullivan advised on the drafting of the land bill, see Add. MS. 44637, fo. 104; cf. Gladstone to Fortescue, 27 Oct., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 117.

^{page 72 note 2} I.e. as a Roman Catholic representing an English constituency in the Commons.

^{page 72 note 3} Relates to the Queen's opening of Blackfriars Bridge, 6 Nov.

^{page 72 note 4} Beaumont on 8 Nov. declined the peerage offered on 6th, Add. MSS. 44537, fo. 130, 44423, fo. 34.

^{page 73 note 1} Two garter vacancies were created by the deaths of Lord Derby and the marquis of Westminster. The Queen objected to the offer of one to the duke of Norfolk. On 8 Nov. it was offered to Lord Leinster who refused, Add. MS. 44537, fo. 132. Bessborough suggested to Granville, Lords Stratford de Redcliffe and St. Germans, 7 Nov., G.D. 29/71. It was offered to the former and accepted. The second was refused by Lords Portsmouth and Bessborough (to Granville, 22 Nov. ibid.) but accepted by de Grey.

^{page 73 note 2} Lord Clanricarde.

^{page 73 note 3} Granville to West, 15 Nov., on an advance in the peerage for Lord Saye and Sele, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 212, not printed.

^{page 73 note 4} Such as ‘ Universal Tenant Right ’, Argyll to Granville, 12 Nov., G.D. 29/51.

^{page 74 note 1} Offering the garter, 21 Nov., Add. MS. 44537, fo. 145.

^{page 74 note 2} Lord Foley had combined the offices of captain of the corps of gentlemen at arms and second government whip in the Lords. Lord Normanby succeeded him in the Household office and Lord Cork and the duke of St. Albans jointly in the parliamentary, Bessborough to Granville, 27 Nov., G.D. 29/71.

^{page 74 note 3} This programme was kept with the addition of 29 Dec., see Add. MS. 44637, fos. 115–34.

^{page 74 note 4} For a baronage. He was created Baron Somerton, April 1873. Lady Normanton was the daughter of Viscount Barrington.

^{page 75 note 1} Cf. Bessborough to Granville, 22 and 27 Nov., G.D. 29/71.

^{page 75 note 2} The Act of Surrender of Rupert's Land by the Hudson's Bay Company to the Queen was signed, 19 Nov. The land was to be transferred to Canada on i Dec. Cf. Proceedings [on] the Guarantee of a Loan to be raised by Canada for a Payment in respect of Rupert's Land. Parl. papers. H.C. 315 (1870). xlix, 365–8. Canada refused to accept the transfer during the rebellion; see Young to Granville, tel., 26 Nov., CO. 42/678, and below, no. 208.

^{page 76 note 1} See Gladstone to Fortescue, 27 Nov., answering Fortescue of 26 Nov., Add. MS. 44122, fos. 29, 25. Fortescue wanted to fill up the mastership of the rolls (Ireland). Gladstone wished to keep it free for Sullivan if, after six months' rest, he should still wish to resign the attorney-generalship; cf. Gladstone to Spencer, 1 Nov., Add MS. 44537, fo. 123, and above, no. 155, below, no. 175.

^{page 76 note 2} Untraced, but may be Acton to Granville described by the latter to Clarendon, 4 Dec., as a ‘ philippic against Manning ’, G.D. 29/55; cf. below, no. 169.

^{page 76 note 3} Gladstone to Granville, 1 Dec, answering no. 165 has not been traced though entered in the letter-book, Add. MS. 44538, fo. 8.

^{page 76 note 4} Argyll to Gladstone, 29 Nov., deprecated ‘ heroic remedies ’ for Ireland and enclosed a minute of arguments against the extension of tenant right. Gladstone's reply, 1 Dec, enclosed a mem. of counter arguments; see Add. MS. 44101, fos. 90, 96, 104, and Argyll, , Autobiography and Memoirs (1906), ii. 253–6Google Scholar. Cf. Morley, ii. 289–90.

^{page 76 note 5} Cf. Gladstone to Sir John Gray, 28 Nov., on Irish land, Add. MS. 44423, fo. 233.

^{page 77 note 1} A short passage crossed out here cannot be deciphered.

^{page 77 note 2} 30 Nov., from which Granville quotes, and 1 Dec, to which Granville replied, 1 Dec. : ‘ we ought … to find the line … of doing not too much but enough ’, G.D. 29/55.

^{page 77 note 3} Rome, 24 Nov., on preparations for the proclamation of papal infallibility and Manning's plans to counter episcopal opposition, Add. MS. 44093, fo. 92.

^{page 77 note 4} Halifax to Gladstone, 1 Dec, with enclosure, on Irish land. See also resulting correspondence, 2, 7, 8 Dec., Add. MS. 44184, fos. 271, 275–85, 286, 288, 292.

^{page 77 note 5} In 1868 he was offered a seat in the cabinet without office, Gladstone to Halifax, 12, 17 Dec, and replies 15, 18 Dec, Add. MS. 44184, fos. 240, 241, 247, 248.

^{page 77 note 6} Confidential, 4 Dec, discouraging talk about breaking up the government on the Irish land question, copy, G.D. 29/51.

^{page 78 note 1} On land tenure in Ireland, printed copy, G.D. 29/25A.

^{page 78 note 2} Argyll to Gladstone, 9 Dec, offering to resign since his wife's illness prevented his coming to London, Add. MS. 44101, fo. 129. The Duchess recovered and the idea was dropped. Granville to Gladstone, 12 Dec, returning Argyll's letter and commenting on his exaggeration, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 237, not printed.

^{page 78 note 3} For cabinet, 14 Dec, see Add. MS. 44637, fo. 130.

^{page 78 note 4} Cf. Sullivan to Gladstone, 15, 20 Dec, Add. MS. 44423, fos. 312, 333, 343. The cabinet of 16 Dec. agreed to try to keep Sullivan, but in Gladstone's absence did not decide how to ease his work, Granville's note. Add. MS. 44637, fo. 131. Sullivan then resigned and became master of the rolls. Cf. above, nos. 155, 166.

^{page 79 note 1} For mistress-ship of the robes, vice the duchess of Argyll. Cf. above, no. 155 note.

^{page 79 note 2} Bessborough to Granville, 20 Dec, G.D. 29/71.

^{page 80 note 1} Lowe to Granville, 21 Dec, Granville to Lowe, copy, 23 Dec, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 80 note 2} Young to Lady Herbert on the Fenians in Canada and America and Prince Arthur's journey forwarded by Lady Herbert to Gladstone; cf. Gladstone to Lady Herbert, 27 Dec., Add. MS. 44538, fo. 29.

^{page 81 note 1} Written for communication to Lowe, see above, no. 177, and Granville to Lowe, 29 Dec, enclosing no. 180, G.D. 29/66. The version in Add. MS. 44166 is in Gladstone's hand. Granville received a copy signed by Gladstone.

^{page 84 note 1} 28 Dec, suggesting Dr. Scott for the bishopric of Manchester and Dr. Jowett to be master of Balliol in his place, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 84 note 2} On the appointment of suffragan bishops; see above, nos. 137, 143, and below, 183, 186.

^{page 84 note 3} 31 Dec, on the cabinet committee appointed by Palmerston to consider the question of suffragan bishops, Add. MS. 44538, fo. 34.

^{page 85 note 1} Gladstone to Argyll, 31 Dec, sending a copy of no. 180, Add. MS. 44538, fo. 33.

^{page 85 note 2} To Granville, 1 Jan., in reply to no. 180, on the sanctity of contract between landlord and tenant, G.D. 29/66, copy in Add. MS. 44167, fo. 2.

^{page 85 note 3} For opinions on Irish land see A. Lyall, The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (1905), i. pp. 155–87.

^{page 85 note 4} Comment, 2 Jan., by Gladstone ‘ I like this ’ on an unidentified subject, G.D. 29/57, not printed.

^{page 86 note 1} Grey to Gladstone, 3 Jan., enclosing copy of a memorandum by Palmerston with a minute by Gladstone July 1864; Gladstone to Grey, 6 Jan., G.D. 29/29A.

^{page 86 note 2} The Ritual Commission. The vacancy created by the death of Archbishop Longley was filled by the bishop of London, Tait, the new archbishop being already a member. Bruce consulted Gladstone about Granville's view that this made the appointment of another lay member necessary, 6 Jan., Add. MS. 44086, fo. 68. Gladstone disagreed, 8 Jan., G.D. 29/57.

^{page 86 note 3} To Gladstone, 7 Jan., on Lowe's obstruction over the Irish land bill and appointments. Add. MS. 44122, fo. 122.

^{page 86 note 4} Gen. Grey to Gladstone, 8 Jan., on the likelihood of the Queen's refusing to open Parliament.

^{page 86 note 5} On 6 July 1869 the Queen gave a conditional promise to open Blackfriars bridge which she fulfilled, 6 Nov., Guedalla, i. 188, 208–9.

^{page 86 note 6} Argyll to Gladstone, 13. Jan., Add. MS. 44101, fo. 194, part printed Autobiography and Memoirs (1906), ii. 258–61Google Scholar.

^{page 87 note 1} See Gladstone to Fortescue, 12 Jan., and reply, 13 Jan. Difficulties arose because Thring, drafting the bill in Dublin, diverged from the ‘ Memorandum of Instructions from the Cabinet ’ towards Fortescue's views on the recognition of customs other than the Ulster tenant right. Add. MS. 44122, fos. 129, 131.

^{page 87 note 2} See below, no. 192 note.

^{page 87 note 3} No. 191; printed without the first two and last two sentences, Morley, ii. 293.

^{page 88 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, 17 Jan., replying ‘ yes ’ to no. 190 and inviting to dinner. Add. MS. 44167, fo. 7, not printed.

^{page 88 note 2} Cf. Gladstone to Cardwell 7, 18 Jan., Add. MS. 44538, fos. 45, 55. A bill for the reorganization of the War Office was introduced into the Commons, 15 Feb., C.J. (1870), 40; above, no. 107 note.

^{page 88 note 3} Acton to Gladstone, 1 Jan., on Franco-British co-operation to influence the Oecumenical Council in an anti-papalist sense; 8 Jan., on a conspiracy against the Council, for communication to France; Clarendon to Gladstone, 16 Jan., on British and French resistance to the syllabus and infallibility, Add. MSS. 44093, fos. 102–11, 44134, fo. 134.

^{page 89 note 1} The dispatch to Young 14 June, following min. 27 Nov. 1869, CO. 42/678, ended : ‘ You will also be good enough to bring to my notice any line of policy, or any measures which without implying on the part of H.M.G. any wish to change abruptly our relations, would gradually prepare both countries, for a friendly relaxation of them.’ Cf. mem. by Gladstone, 19 Jan., and Granville's comments on it, Add. MS. 44759, fo. 1; see above, no. 59.

^{page 89 note 2} For Red River rebellion see above, no. 165. In the cabinet of 25 Jan., no discussion on it was recorded. Add. MS. 44638, fo. 6.

^{page 89 note 3} St. Asaph, from which Bishop Short had resigned. Joshua Hughes of Llandovery was nominated in March. For extensive correspondence on the subject see Add. MSS. 44423, 44424, 44425, passim; part circulated to the cabinet, 27 Jan., Add. MS. 44759, fo. 5.

^{page 89 note 4} Returned by Granville minuted, ‘ I will.’ He acted in the cabinet of 1 Feb., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 12.

^{page 90 note 1} Granville to Gladstone [2 Feb.] regretting that influenza would keep him from the cabinet of that day. Add. MS. 44167, fo. 15, not printed. Cabinet discussed exceptional legislation to deal with Irish crime. Add. MS. 44638, fos. 14–16. Granville to Gladstone, 4 Feb., arranging for the cabinet to meet in Bruton Street, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 17, not printed.

^{page 90 note 2} See above, nos. 36–9. Dodson wrote to Granville, 25 Jan., that the Commons would not accept the joint committees for private bills, recommended in the report, but that they might agree to waive their privilege in respect of rating clauses in private bills, as the seventh paragraph recommended, so that proceedings might begin in the Lords on some private bills, G.D. 29/73.

^{page 91 note 1} See above, no. 59.

^{page 91 note 2} Introducing the Irish land bill, 15 Feb., Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cxcix. 333–87.

^{page 91 note 3} The Conservative won this by-election, caused by Layard's appointment to Madrid, as the Liberal vote was split between the official candidate. Sir Sydney Waterlow, and the workingman's candidate, George Odger; The Times, 17 Feb., p. 5, 18 Feb., p. 5.

^{page 91 note 4} Gladstone's intervention prevented Torrens (Liberal) from carrying a motion against the government, to relieve distress by aiding emigration, 1 March, Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 1002–77. Cf. Denison to Granville, 2 March, G.D. 29/75.

^{page 92 note 1} Clanricarde postponed his motion, due in the Lords on 4 March, for papers relating to crime in Ireland, at the government's request, Hans. Part. Deb. loc. cit. 1116.

^{page 93 note 1} The rest of this letter has been bound as an imperfect document in the volume of Gladstone-Granville letters for 1869, Add. MS. 44166, fo. 26.

^{page 93 note 2} Cf. Kimberley to Granville, 3 March [4 March], written against the proposal, after Granville had spoken to him, G.D. 29/55. Cf. Hammond, J. L., Gladstone and the Irish Nation (1938), p. 113Google Scholar.

^{page 93 note 3} See Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 5 March, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 33; cf. Correspondence relative to … the Red River Settlement. Parl. papers, [c. 207] (1870). 1, 293–526, and above, no. 165.

^{page 94 note 1} Cf. Granville to Rogers, 6 March, sending a copy of no. 208 and asking him to find ‘ the covenant’ mentioned by Gladstone, G.D. 29/57.^{page 94 note 2} 5 March.

^{page 95 note 1} For text of the description and postscripts see Add. MS. 44638, fo. 43, with note on cabinet of 12 March. It was drafted for answers by Granville and Gladstone to parliamentary questions. The Peace Preservation (Ireland) Bill was introduced on 17 March, C.J. (1870), 89, 90.

^{page 95 note 2} For the falling into abeyance of the five Hastings baronies and the termination of the abeyance, see G.E.C. vi. App. D., 702. For mems. by Lady Loudoun and the Queen, 20 March, inclosed, see G.D. 29/31; Granville to Gladstone, replying to no. 212, ibid., not printed.

^{page 95 note 3} Lord Minto made K.T., 13 May; Lord Stair appointed to Ayrshire in June, see below, no. 227.

^{page 95 note 4} For opinions on the question whether tenants might choose between relying on the legalized Ulster custom or resorting to the scale of compensation, to be established by the Irish land act, for areas where the custom did not obtain, see Gladstone to Dufferin, 22 March, Add. MS. 44538, fo. 105, and note on the cabinet, 26 March, Add. MS. 44638, fos. 52–60. The cabinet agreed to amend the bill to allow the choice.

^{page 95 note 5} No mem. later than 19 Jan. has been traced, see above, no. 195 note.

^{page 96 note 1} Irish chancellor created a baronet and not raised to the peerage, 1869.

^{page 96 note 2} Lord Plunket.

^{page 96 note 3} On 29 March a motion was carried there against the government for an inquiry into convents and monasteries.

^{page 97 note 1} The cabinet, 27 April, agreed to the bill's being introduced into the Lords, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 67; introduced 19 May, L.J. (1870), 253.

^{page 97 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 25 April, asking at the Queen's instance whether Gladstone would go to Balmoral during Whitsuntide, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 34, not printed.

^{page 97 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 29 April, on the Queen's wish to have de Grey at Balmoral, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 36, not printed.

^{page 97 note 4} He observed the negotiations at Ottawa between the Canadian government and the leaders of the Red River rebellion on behalf of the imperial government.

^{page 97 note 5} Court-martialled and shot at Fort Garry, 4 March 1870, by the rebel government.

^{page 98 note 1} Introduced 17 Feb., and debated on its second reading, 14, 15 and 18 March. The committee stage, fixed for 1 April, was postponed on 27 April to 16 May, thence to 23 May and thence to 16 June, owing to the movement against leaving religious instruction, in grant-aided schools, to be determined by the local authorities. Parliament was in recess 1–9 June. Cf. note on the cabinet of 14 June, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 83.

^{page 99 note 1} Gladstone to Granville, 9 May, asking advice on the list of guests for the birthday dinner, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 39, not printed.

^{page 99 note 2} New Zealand asked for the imperial government's guarantee for a loan of 1 million, was offered it for ½ million, but gained her object; see Lowe to Granville and reply, 9, 10 May, G.D. 29/25A, and Correspondence with New Zealand Commissioners, Parl. papers. H.C. 298 (1870). 1, 281–92.

^{page 99 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 14 May, forwarding a note from Monsell, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 40, not printed.

^{page 99 note 4} Milbank's first wife was a daughter of the first duke of Cleveland. He was not made a peer.

^{page 100 note 1} Mem. on religious instruction in rate-provided schools, 28 May, Add. MS. 44759, fo. 104, sent to Sir George Grey, 2 June, Add. MS. 44162, fo. 318.

^{page 100 note 2} Granville to Gladstone, 25 May, on Glyn's winnings at Epsom, and 31 May, arranging Gladstone's journey to Epsom to see the Derby, Add. MS. 44167, fos. 41, 44, not printed. Gladstone stayed at Walmer 1–6 June.

^{page 100 note 3} 7 June, on religious difficulty in education, Add. MS. 44162, fo. 320.

^{page 100 note 4} 6 June, and reply 8 June, Add. MS. 44306, fos. 285, 290. Gladstone stated that the rumours of the Prince of Wales's purchase of a residence in Ireland were untrue, and the Fenian danger made a visit from the Queen unwise.

^{page 101 note 1} Granville moved the second reading of the Irish land bill in the Lords on 14 June, debate being adjourned to 16th and agaia to 17th, L.J. (1870), 298, 303, 308.

^{page 101 note 2} Relates (i) to three amendments to clause 3 (compensation for disturbance), carried by Richmond, the first two, 24 June, the third, 23 June, and (ii) to clause 10, the cottage clause, which was not struck out. For the bill as it left the Commons see Parl. papers. H.C. 145 (1870). ii. 333. as amended by the Lords, H.C. 204 (1870). ii, 371. On the scale, see Kimberley to Granville, 22 June, G.D. 29/55.

^{page 102 note 1} Granville to Dufferin, 15 June, deprecating his resignation after an unfortunate speech in the Lords on the second reading of the land bill, printed Lyall, A., The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (1905), i. pp. 178–9Google Scholar; cf. Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. ccii. 60.

^{page 102 note 2} Amendments to the Irish land bill to be moved when it went into committee in the Lords on 23 June were discussed in the cabinets of 18 and 23 June and in between by a meeting on Mon. 20th, Add. MS. 44638, fos. 88, 89.

^{page 102 note 3} See correspondence between Bessborough and Gladstone, 21, 22 June, Add. MS. 44427, fo. 89–92.

^{page 102 note 4} Lord Clarendon died, 27 June, and Granville was about to replace him at the Foreign Office. This and consequent changes (the Colonies to Kimberley and the privy seal to Halifax) were announced in the cabinet, 2 July, Add. MS. 44638, fos. 93, 95. Granville received the seals, 6 July.

^{page 103 note 1} To Granville, 29 June, on his claim, first made in 1868, to the colonial secretaryship if Granville became foreign secretary, G.D. 29/56, and copy. Add. MS. 44167, fo. 59.

^{page 104 note 1} See above, no. 223.

^{page 104 note 2} In order to settle an accommodation with the Opposition for the report stage of the Irish and bill in the Lords, due on 5 July, L.J. (1870), 392–6.

^{page 105 note 1} Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen's readiness to accept the Spanish throne was published on 3 July. France protested to Prussia and Spain, 4 July. Gramont made a provocative declaration in the corps legislatif and appealed to Britain, 6 July. For British action see Granville to Layard, tels. 8.10 p.m., 6 July, 2.25 p.m., 7 July, F.O. 72/1231 (pressure to abandon the candidature); Granville to Lyons, No. 14, 6 July, F.O. 27/1791, and private letter, Newton, Lord Lyons, i. 294–6; Granville to Loftus, No. 6, 6 July, F.O. 64/681.

^{page 106 note 1} To Lavalette, 6 July, apologizing for abrupt end to a conversation that night and offering explanations if he had ‘ found Lord Granville reserved or sparing … of assurances ’, Add. MS. 44427, fo. 172.

^{page 106 note 2} For amended version of the note to Lavalette see ibid., fo. 173, and Add. MS. 44538, fo. 158.

^{page 107 note 1} That Britain should approach the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen princes directly.

^{page 107 note 2} No. 6, 8 July, F.O. 72/1231.

^{page 107 note 3} Granville to Loftus, No. 6, 6 July, with Gladstone's addition, F.O. 64/681. It reasoned against the expediency of the candidature. It was held back until after the cabinet of 9 July which approved it, see Add. MS. 44638, fo. 99.

^{page 107 note 4} Cf. Gladstone's instruction to his private secretary, 8 July, to search letters from Clarendon for references to Prince Leopold and Spain. West searched in vain, Add. MS. 44638, fo.102. No. 245 is followed in Granville's papers by Ffrench to Clarendon, private, 1 Nov. 1869, describing Spanish ministerial discussions on candidates for the throne.

^{page 107 note 5} Cf. mem. by Gladstone on desiderata for British policy at this juncture. Add. MS. 44638, fo. 103.

^{page 108 note 1} Granville to the Queen, 10 July, and reply, II July ; the Queen to the Count of Flanders, brother-in-law to Prince Leopold, Letters, 2nd ser. ii. 24–5, 27–8.

^{page 108 note 2} To the Queen, Letters, loc. cit. 22 ; sent by the Queen to Granville, G.D. 29/32.

^{page 108 note 3} See Granville to Paget, tel. 11.30 a.m., 10 July, F.O. 45/160; cf. Otway to Granville, 10 July, G.D. 29/107, and Granville's subsequent regrets, to Lyons, 13 July, Newton, Lord Lyons, i. 298.

^{page 109 note 1} From her promise to open the Thames Embankment, Guedalla, i. 234–5.

^{page 109 note 2} F.O. 27/1806; the French held that Leopold's withdrawal settled the quarrel with Spain but not ‘ their complaint against Prussia … They will determine at a council tomorrow what course to take.’ Gramont anticipated the council, tel. to Benedetti at Ems, 7 p.m., 12 July, Lord, R. H., Origins of the War of 1870 (1924), p. 80Google Scholar.

^{page 109 note 3} See Granville to Lyons, tel. 2.30 a.m., 12[13] July, F.O. 27/1791

^{page 110 note 1} A Lords' amendment debarred tenants who let for a season land already cropped (i.e. ‘ in conacre ’) from claiming compensation under clause 3 of the Irish land bill, Parl. papers. H.C. 204 (1870). ii, 372. The Commons excepted land so let ‘ for the growing of potatoes or other green crops ’.

^{page 110 note 2} See Lords' Amendments to the Irish Land Bill. Parl. papers. H.C. 204 (1870). ii, 375. The new clause B, to be inserted into that part of the act excepting certain tenancies from the right to claim compensation for improvements, was accepted without a division by the Commons, 12 July, C.J. (1870), 323.

^{page 110 note 3} See Granville to Lyons, 13 July, Correspondence respecting Negotiations preliminary to the War. Parl. papers. [C. 167] (1870). lxx, 45.

^{page 111 note 1} Gladstone cancelled his journey when the Foreign Office heard, by 3.30, that, after the council, Gramont announced Leopold's withdrawal to the corps legislatif and added that negotiations with Prussia continued. A 9 o'clock edition of the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 July, carried the ‘ Ems telegram ’. See Gladstone to Lord Schomburgh Kerr, Add. MS. 44427, fo. 193.

^{page 111 note 2} Gladstone wrote here ‘ from what ? ’ No. 256 may relate to Commons' amendments on Lords' amendments to the Irish land bill, and may be a note passed across in committee.

^{page 112 note 1} The cabinet was summoned at 11.30 for 12.30 to consider (i) answers to parliamentary questions and (ii) last efforts to preserve peace ; see Add. MS. 44638, fos. 104, 105, and Granville to Lyons, tel. 2.45 p.m., 14 July, ‘ draft read and approved ’ in the cabinet but ‘ finally settled with Lord G. afterwards ’, F.O. 362/4, and Gladstone to the Queen, 14 July, Guedalla, i. 236–7, Letters, 2nd ser. ii. 32. Britain proposed an accommodation by which King William publicly sanctioned the withdrawal and France waived her request for a pledge that the candidature would not be renewed.

^{page 112 note 2} The report stage in the Commons was due on 19 July. The provision for the election of the new school boards by ballot was attacked in committee ; see Parl. papers, H.C. 167 (1870). i, 576–9, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cciii. 271–316. It survived but was cut out, except for the Metropolitan area, by the Lords. Richmond considered it a pointless piece of doctrinaire liberalism, Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 859.

^{page 113 note 1} Marginal instruction by Granville : ‘ Telegraph accordingly to Loftus. G.’ Noted as done by his private secretary ‘ 19/7/70 ’. France had declared war on 15 July. Britain's last-minute offer of mediation having failed, she had taken measures to safeguard her neutrality.

^{page 113 note 2} On the policy of asking assurances from France and Prussia to respect Belgian neutrality, see Granville to Lyons, private, 13 July, Newton, Lord Lyons, i. 297–8, King Leopold to the Queen, Letters, 2nd ser. ii. 30–2, and to Granville, 13 July, G.D. 29/83, Lyons to Granville, No. 811, 18 July, reporting a personal letter from Napoleon III to King Leopold, F.O. 27/1806. A dispatch to Lumley (Brussels) was drafted as proposed by Gladstone but cancelled, G.D. 29/58.

^{page 114 note 1} Relates to proceedings in the Commons, 21 July, on the Lords' amendments to the land bill upon which they insisted after the bill had been returned to them from the Commons.

^{page 114 note 2} Gladstone notes a partial discussion of amendments on the Irish land bill in the cabinet of 23 July and decision, 25 July, to follow a course ‘ in accordance with Granville's views ’, Add. MS. 44638, fos. 108, 110. For further proceedings in the Lords and final yielding in the Commons, see L.J. (1870), 460, 464, C.J. (1870), 374.

^{page 115 note 1} Cabinet discussion on the state of the army was postponed from 23rd to 25th, Add. MS. loc. cit.

^{page 115 note 2} Partially discussed in the cabinet of 23 July, Add. MS. loc. cit.

^{page 116 note 1} Words settled in the cabinet, 25 July, for parliamentary answer about the project of treaty published that morning in The Times. Cf. note of the same words in Add. MS. 44638, fo. 111. Cf. Disraeli to Gladstone, 25 July, Add. MS. 44427, fo. 224. No. 265 is bound in the Gladstone papers as belonging to Dec. 1870. See also below, no. 268.

^{page 116 note 2} No. 20, 25 July, on the Italian proposal to exchange pledges not to depart from neutrality without previous communication. A revised dispatch, delivered to the messenger in Paris, omitted the British view ‘ that no combination should be entered into … since it would carry with it the germ of an armed neutrality ’, F.O. 45/160. See also note by Hammond on Gladstone's letter, G.D. 29/58.

^{page 116 note 3} 6 p.m., 25 July, reporting that a draft Franco-Prussian treaty of 1866, for the French acquisition of Belgium, was to be officially published, F.O. 64/689. It had already, 19 July, been communicated secretly by Bernstorff to Gladstone and Granville ; Granville to Lyons, No. 130, 25 July, F.O. 27/1792. Published in The Times, 25 July.

^{page 116 note 4} Bernstorff. Cf. Granville to Bernstorff, private, 26 July, G.D. 29/111.

^{page 117 note 1} No. 271 is written on the back of No. 270. Hammond noted that Gladstone was ‘ asked to read—if obliged—the substance not the whole as it came in cypher ’. The document is followed in G.D. 29/58 by an extract from the Newcastle Daily Chronicle, possibly sent by Gladstone to Granville, on the form of the Belgian guarantee.

^{page 117 note 2} Mem. by Hammond, 29 July, objecting to safeguarding Belgian neutrality by means of the proposed new treaties with France and Prussia,. G.D. 29/104.

^{page 117 note 3} I.e. at the cabinet, 30 July ; see Add. MS. 44638, fo. 115. Cf. Granville to Lyons, No. 153, 30 July, F.O. 27/1792, and to Loftus, No. 55, 30 July, F.O. 64/681, proposing to record in a protocol or convention their intention to observe Belgian neutrality, and Lyons to Granville, private, 3 Aug., G.D. 29/85. No. 274 below is written on the back of no. 272.

^{page 118 note 1} Letter incomplete. For Sir Roundell Palmer's observations, 20 May, on the Greek massacres, see Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cci. 1123 ; Gladstone's statement, ibid. 1152. Buhver had given notice of a motion on the subject for 29 July, but postponed it, ibid, cciii. 1232, raising it on 2 Aug., when the House went into committee on supply, ibid., 1412 ; Gladstone's statement, 1421.

^{page 118 note 2} Relates to Lowe's opposition in the cabinet, 30 July, to fresh engagements on Belgium; see Gladstone's note, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 115. This is followed by an exchange between Fortescue, Gladstone and Granville on the possibility of Lowe's resignation.

^{page 118 note 3} Answering Disraeli's observations on the war, 1 Aug., Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cciii. 1300–13.

^{page 118 note 4} Opinion on both sides of the House favoured action over Belgium which Lowe opposed.

^{page 119 note 1} For draft treaty with France (duplicated with Prussia) on Belgian neutrality, in three articles following Gladstone's outline, and for Gladstone's alterations, tending to dissociate the new treaty from that of 1839, see Granville to Lyons, No. 182, 3 Aug., F.O. 27/1792, and Further Correspondence respecting the War. Parl. papers. [C. 210] (1870). lxx, 198–200.

^{page 119 note 2} I.e. in taunting the government for ineffectiveness over Belgium and for being surprised by the outbreak of war, 1 Aug., Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cciii. 1321–6, 1354–9.

^{page 119 note 3} For Russian proposal of Anglo-Russian representations to France against pressure upon Denmark, see Granville to Buchanan, No. 131, 25 July, F.O. 65/798, Brunnow to Granville, private, 12 Aug., G.D. 29/98, and reply 13 Aug., G.D. 29/115 ; for cabinet agreement to Gladstone's proposals, 6 Aug., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 119 ; instructions to Lyons, Nos. 237, 238, 15 Aug., F.O. 27/1792 cancelled after French defeats. No. 249, 17 Aug., F.O. 27/1793, Granville to Brunnow, private, 4 Sept., G.D. 29/115.

^{page 120 note 1} Gladstone's holograph in Add. MS. 44759, fo. 142. Granville's copy omitted starred phrase.

^{page 120 note 2} No. 993, F.O. 27/1808. Cf. Lyons to Granville, private, 3 Aug., on Gramont's ‘ changed note ’ and his arguments against the proposed treaty, G.D. 29/85, underlined by Hammond to Granville, 4 Aug., G.D. 29/104.

^{page 120 note 3} That Bright proposed to resign when the Belgian treaties were signed. See Bright to Gladstone, 3 Aug., sent to Granville, Add. MS. 44112, fo. 142. Cf. Gladstone to Bright, 4 Aug., Morley, ii. 342; 8, 10 Aug., Add. MS. 44539, fos. 6, 8. He resigned in November.

^{page 121 note 1} Proposed for the ‘ British explanation of their understanding of certain points’ of the projected Belgian treaties, drafts by Gladstone and Granville, G.D. 29/68 and Add. MS. 44759, fos. 146, 150. The explanation met French objections. See Granville to Lyons, Nos. 203, 205, 6 Aug., F.O. 27/1792, and Add MS. 44638, fo. 119.

^{page 121 note 2} Announcing the general French retreat behind the Moselle.

^{page 121 note 3} The Belgian treaties were signed 9 Aug. with France and 11 Aug. with Prussia.

^{page 121 note 4} Gladstone was with Granville at Walmer, 11–18 Aug.

^{page 121 note 5} To Gladstone, 15 Aug., protesting against Gramont's account, 3 Aug., of Prussia's rejection of Clarendon's secret disarmament proposals 1869–70 (revealed in La Liberté, 17 July) and reply 18 Aug., Add. MS. 44428, fos. 32, 43. Cf. the interchange of letters between Granville's private secretaries, H. Hervey and R. Meade, 13, 14 Aug., G.D. 29/107, min. by Granville on private letter from Lyons, 17 July, G.D. 29/85, and the Queen to Granville, 2 Aug., G.D. 29/32.

^{page 122 note 1} Instructions to H.M.S. Defence to go to Civita Vecchia to protect British lives and property and to give shelter to the Pope if requested, copy, G.D. 29/58. The French evacuated Rome 19 Aug.

^{page 122 note 2} It was decided to recall the Channel and Mediterranean fleets from their Atlantic cruise ‘ for the sake of appearance ’. Cf. correspondence between Granville and Childers, 18, 19 Aug., G.D. 29/54.

^{page 122 note 3} Manning to Gladstone, 13 Aug., and reply, 14 Aug., Manning to Gladstone, 15, 18 Aug., and reply, 19 Aug., preceding a meeting with Manning on 20 Aug., Manning to Gladstone, 20 Aug., Add. MS. 44249, fos. 174–87.

^{page 122 note 4} See to Lyons, tel. 5.15 p.m., 21 Aug., acquiescing in the Prussian project on the two conditions stated by Gladstone, F.O. 27/1793. Cf. Further Correspondence respecting the War … Parl. papers. [C. 244] (1871). lxxi, 33.

^{page 123 note 1} Hammond to Granville, 22 Aug., describes this conversation, G.D. 29/104.

^{page 123 note 2} Cf. Halifax to Granville, Balmoral, 29 Aug., referring to this conversation, G.D. 29/64.

^{page 123 note 3} France consented, not to the original Prussian plan but to a later one for the care of the wounded of both sides within Belgium, which was executed.

^{page 123 note 4} Gladstone was again with Granville at Walmer, 23 Aug.–6 Sept. During the gap in the correspondence the catastrophe had happened in France and the Provisional Government, with Jules Favre as foreign minister, taken power.

^{page 123 note 5} To remain at his post communicating with, but not recognizing, the de facto government. No. 374 confidential, 5 Sept., F.O. 27/1793, Parl. papers, loc. cit. p. 59.

^{page 124 note 1} Favre announced that France would welcome mediation if the mediator accepted French territorial integrity. The instructions to Lyons to refuse mediation were written privately, 6 Sept., F.O. 362/4, and were modified at once. Granville telegraphed, 1.50 p.m., 7 Sept., ‘ Give pith of yesterday's private letter and add [that Britain] would be happy to transmit any communication [from France to Prussia] which might lead to peace ’, F.O. 27/1793.

^{page 124 note 2} A list of equerries since 1837 to show whether their politics were those of the government that appointed them. The Queen wished for the appointment of Lord Mt. Charles and Gladstone yielded ; see correspondence between Granville and Biddulph, G.D. 29/32 passim, and Gladstone to Biddulph, Add. MS. 44539 passim.

^{page 124 note 3} From Chevalier, 5 Sept., on France's need for England's moral support to prevent her dismemberment; reply on the uselessness of intervention without authority. Add. MS. 44127, fos. 74, 79. Cf. Morley, ii. 343.

^{page 124 note 4} Lyons to Granville, private, 7 Sept., on France's desire for foreign aid to obtain an armistice, and his wish that Britain should not press France to give up territory, G.D. 29/85. Cf. Lyons to Gladstone, 14 Nov., Add. MS. 44428, fo. 200.

^{page 125 note 1} On Granville to Bernstorff, 15 Sept., replying to Bernstorff's mem., 30 Aug., communicated 1 Sept., which opened the ‘ benevolent neutrality ’ controversy, F.O. 64/706. Granville's reply was sent to Gladstone with the injunction, ‘ Revise, correct and amend to any degree. Please ’. Cf. Parl. papers, loc. cit. pp. 52–3, 91–5.

^{page 125 note 2} 9 Sept., replying to Gladstone, 7 Sept., by suggesting two months' postponement. Add. MS. 44122, fo. 161. Gladstone first suggested to Fortescue and Spencer a further release of Fenians, 3 Sept., Add. MS. 44539, fos. 23, 25.

^{page 125 note 3} For the conversations between Gladstone and Motley, when both were at Walmer, 3–6 Sept., see exchange of letters 7, 11 Sept., Add. MS. 44428, fos. 90, 96 and Gladstone to Motley, 18 Sept., Add. MS. 44539, fo. 31.

^{page 125 note 4} For Granville's three conversations with Thiers, 13–16 Sept., see Fitzmaurice, ii. 52–8, Granville to Lyons, private, 13, 14, 16, 17 Sept., F.O. 362/4, and dispatches of the same dates, F.O. 27/1793.

^{page 125 note 5} I.e. to Favre's question whether Bismarck would enter ‘ en pourparlers pour arriver à un armistice et une conférence sur les conditions de la paix et avec qui’, Granville to Bernstorff, 10.30 a.m., 10 Sept. Bismarck replied by asking what guarantees the French could offer that the terms would be obeyed, Bernstorff to Granville, 13 Sept., F.O. 64/706.

^{page 126 note 1} To Lyons, 6 p.m., 13 Sept., asking at Thiers's instance, whether Granville should inquire whether Bismarck would receive Favre at headquarters. Lyons's reply, midnight, 14 Sept., being favourable, the Ferrières negotiation followed, 19–20 Sept., F.O. 27/1793, F.O. 64/706. Cf. Granville to Tissot and Thiers, 15 Sept., G.D. 29/109, and Gladstone to Hammond, 15 Sept., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 126 note 2} See Beaulieu to Jules Devaux, the chef de cabinet of King Leopold, 13 Sept., on England's proposing that Prussia should take Luxemburg instead of Alsace-Lorraine, and reply, 14 Sept., G.D. 29/83.

^{page 126 note 3} Written on the back of no. 295.

^{page 127 note 1} The letter from this point has survived in the original and is bound as an imperfect document in G.D. 29/58.

^{page 127 note 2} That the mem. communicated on 1 Sept. (see above, no. 291) should not be published. Granville refused and the Prussian mem., with the British reply, was published in The Times, 19 Sept., Granville to Bernstorff, 16 Sept., G.D. 29/111. Cf. Ringhoffer, K., Im Kampfe für Prussens Ehre. Aus dem Nachlass des Grafen A. von Bernstorff (1906), p. 627Google Scholar.

^{page 127 note 3} Written on the back of no. 298.

^{page 127 note 4} Cf. from Loftus, tel. 5.20 p.m., 5 Sept., F.O. 64/697A ; see below, no. 304.

^{page 127 note 5} See above, no. 294.

^{page 128 note 1} To Gladstone, 14 Sept., on the independence of the Pope, Add. MS. 44249, fo. 192 ; for replies, 15, 18 Sept., ibid., fo. 196, and Add. MS. 44539, fos. 29, 32.

^{page 128 note 2} The copy in G.D. 29/58 has the Sept. date. The misdated original is bound in the Gladstone papers as a letter of 1871.

^{page 128 note 3} 2.40 p.m., 17 Sept., ‘ advise M. Favre to let you inform Bismarck that he is ready to go at once. … ’ Cf. Granville to Bernstorff, tel. 2 p.m., 18 Sept., announcing that Favre had agreed, G.D. 29/111.

^{page 128 note 4} See above, no. 293.

^{page 129 note 1} Spencer to Gladstone, 16 Sept., against a further release of Fenian prisoners, Add. MS. 44306, fo. 314.

^{page 129 note 2} Cf. Reeve to Gladstone, 14 Sept., enclosing Guizot's letter which has not been traced, Add. MS. 44428, fo. 104.

^{page 129 note 3} Issued from Prussian headquarters, 16 Sept., arguing that Napoleon was the only legitimate ruler of France; see Loftus to Granville, No. 321, 11 Sept., F.O. 64/691.

^{page 130 note 1} The decree of 17 Sept. had put the elections for the constituent assembly forward from 16 Oct. (date fixed on 9 Sept.) to 2 Oct.

^{page 130 note 2} I.e. after the projected meeting of the constituent assembly, 2 Oct.

^{page 130 note 3} Circular dispatch, 13 Sept., indicating the cession of Alsace-Lorraine as indispensable, communicated by Bernstorff to Granville, 22 Sept., F.O. 64/706, Parl. papers, loc. cit. pp. 103–4. Cf. Loftus to Granville, No. 295, 10 Sept., F.O. 64/691.

^{page 130 note 4} See Edinburgh Review, cxxxii. 554–93, Oct. 1870, reprinted in Gleanings, iv. 197–257. Cf. P. Knaplund, Gladstone's Foreign Policy (1935), p. 56 note, and below, no. 310.

^{page 131 note 1} See Temperley and Penson, Foundations, 324–7.

^{page 131 note 2} From Bernstorff, 24 Sept., on the Ferrières negotiation, and the Prussian demand for Strassburg, Toul and Verdun before the signature of an armistice, G.D. 29/94 'o from Lyons, tel., 25 Sept., naming Strassburg, Metz and Mont Valérien (Paris), F.O. 27/1817.

^{page 131 note 3} To Gladstone, 23 Sspt., urging the settlement of the Roman question by a European guarantee of the Pope's temporal power, Add. MS. 44249, fo. 204.

^{page 132 note 1} Baring, 21 Sept., and Carnarvon, 23 Sept., approved the government's policy of not pressing mediation, The Times, 22 and 26 Sept.

^{page 132 note 2} Lady Granville.

^{page 132 note 3} Enclosure in no. 308.

^{page 132 note 4} Loftus to Granville, tel., 24 Sept., announced the arrest of Dr. Jacobi for organizing the expression of public feeling against the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine, F.O. 64/697A.

^{page 132 note 5} Gladstone wrote in the margin: ‘ So they would be ’,

^{page 134 note 1} Morier to Odo Russell, 19 Sept., according to a note by Granville's private secretary.

^{page 134 note 2} To Lumley, No. 47, 23 Sept., an official reply to King Leopold's unofficial request for an assurance that England would honour her obligation to Belgium, tel. and private letter from Lumley, 22, 25 Sept., G.D. 29/83. The draft had gone when the Queen's protest against its coldness reached Granville from Ponsonby, 26 Sept., G.D. 29/32.

^{page 135 note 1} See Granville to Gladstone, 28 Sept., on Bourbaki's mission from Bazaine, in Metz, to the Empress Eugénie, Add. MS. 44167, fo. 117, not printed. Bourbaki had been tricked by an impostor, Regnier, see Fitzmaurice, ii. 58–61, Hammond to Granville, 9 Oct., G.D. 29/104, and cf. G.D. 29/73. See also Bernstorff to Granville, 30 Sept., 3 Oct., G.D. 29/94.

^{page 135 note 2} Mem. of reply to the ‘ Appeal of the Government of National Defence to the Neutral Powers, Sep. 30 1870 ’, Add. MS. 44759, fo. 166. It condemned both French obstinacy and the Prussian demand. The important cabinet, Friday, 30 Sept., decided the reply to the French appeal and the reply to Bernstorff's communication of the Alsace-Lorraine Circular (above, no. 306). It discussed ‘ alternative plans of Ld. G. and W. E. G. … Plan of Ld. G. adopted …’, Add. MS. 44638, fos. 123–5. See also Granville to Bernstorff, 30 Sept., sent to Loftus and Lyons, F.O. 64/706, Goschen to Granville, 3 Oct., G.D. 29/54, Fitzmaurice, ii. 62, Morley, ii. 346.

^{page 135 note 3} Baron Gericke, newly arrived Dutch minister in London.

^{page 136 note 1} No. 488, 1 Oct., postponing recognition until ‘ France having recognized a government for herself may justly expect its recognition by other Powers ’ (Gladstone's amended wording), F.O. 27/1794. The dispatch was held back until 4 Oct., but Tissot was told of it, Hammond to Meade, 3 Oct., G.D. 29/104.

^{page 136 note 2} See to Elliot, No. 208, 6 Oct., on Britain's Turkish policy, F.O. 78/2120 ; cf. to Elliot, private, 12 Oct., G.D. 29/116. Buchanan to Granville, tel., 15 Aug., had foreseen a Russian denunciation of the Black Sea Clauses of 1856, F.O. 65/807. The Turkish ambassador also discussed it, to Elliot, No. 207, 6 Oct., F.O. 78/2120.

^{page 137 note 1} Enclosure in no. 316. See Bright to Gladstone, 3 Oct., Add. MS. 44112, fo. 155. Bright was absent from the cabinet of 30 Sept.

^{page 137 note 2} Report by Favre on the Ferrières negotiation, 21 Sept., enclosed in Lyons's dispatch 27 Sept., F.O. 27/1817, Parl. papers, loc. cit. pp. 114–24.

^{page 137 note 3} From the Queen, 2 Oct., approving the decision of the cabinet of 30 Sept., and reply, 5 Oct., indicating Gladstone's view which it had overruled, Guedalla, i. 256–7.

^{page 138 note 1} This interpolated comment relates to Bismarck's circular, 27 Sept., on the Ferrières negotiation, communicated by Bernstorff, 8 Oct., F.O. 64/706. It had already been published and received from Loftus. Favre had reported Bismarck to have said of the hostile Alsatians : ‘ Us nous imposeront une rude corvée ; mais nous ne pouvons pas ne pas les prendre.’ Gladstone had referred to this in his mem. for cabinet of 30 Sept., see above, no. 316.

^{page 138 note 2} Suggestion prompted by draft to Lyons, No. 489, 4 Oct., replying to the French appeal for neutral intervention, F.O. 27/1794. For instruction on which this was based, see G.D. 29/85, and for alterations, G.D. 29/104. The suggestion was executed in No. 508 to Lyons, 11 Oct., and tel. 7 p.m., 11 Oct., F.O. 27/1794.

^{page 138 note 3} Enclosure in no. 316. Hatherley was at Balmoral and absent from the cabinet of 30 Sept. ; cf. Hatherley to Granville, 2 Oct., G.D. 29/65.

^{page 139 note 1} This sentence was scored down the side, possibly by Gladstone.

^{page 139 note 2} Cf. Lumley to Granville, No. 349 confidential, 3 Oct., giving the same information, F.O. 10/309.

^{page 139 note 3} For account of this conversation see Granville to Lyons, No. 534, 18 Oct., F.O. 27/1794. The draft is followed by Granville's brouillon and a minute of Tissot's words in his own hand.

^{page 139 note 4} Written here : ‘ Hammond. Can you get it and send it privately to the Pall Mall and Echo. G[ranville]. Done E. H[ammond].’

^{page 140 note 1} Relates to the hope of Denmark that England and Russia might help her to recover N. Schleswig from Prussia, Wyke to Granville, private, 7 Sept., G.D. 29/84, Granville to Otway, 29 Sept., returning a draft reply as unsatisfactory, G.D. 29/107, Granville to Wyke, 18 Oct., G.D. 29/108. Cf. above, no. 278.

^{page 140 note 2} See above, no. 323 note.

^{page 140 note 3} See Granville to Harris, No. 40, 24 Oct., for draft convention for the purchase of the Dutch Gold Coast settlements, F.O. 37/478.

^{page 141 note 1} Of the marriage arranged between the Princess Louise and the marquis of Lorne.

^{page 141 note 2} See above, no. 319 note.

^{page 141 note 3} Granville to Harris, No. 37 most confidential, 9 Oct., on Gericke's intention to work for closer Anglo-Dutch relations when he became Dutch foreign minister, F.O. 37/478.

^{page 141 note 4} See above, no. 322.

^{page 141 note 5} Enclosure in no. 316, see returned original in Add. MS. 44759, fo. 166.

^{page 141 note 1} See above, no. 325.

^{page 142 note 1} See above, no. 322.

^{page 142 note 2} See above, no. 284.

^{page 142 note 3} From Manning, 8 Oct., referring to a letter from Antonelli and suggesting bases for British good offices between the Pope and the Italian government for the settlement of the Roman question. Gladstone to Manning, 9 Oct., did not reject British mediation. This was cancelled and a fresh letter sent, 12 Oct., rejecting mediation unless both sides asked for it, Add. MS. 44249, fos. 216, 218, 224.

^{page 142 note 4} Private, on opinion in Alsace-Lorraine. Three further reports, 4, 7, 26 Oct., followed, G.D. 29/95. Cf. Granville to Morier, 22 Sept., 2 Nov., G.D. 29/112.

^{page 142 note 5} No. 508, 11 Oct. ; see above, no. 322.

^{page 143 note 1} See Russell to Granville, 31 Aug., enclosing his draft, marked ‘ Put by for the present. G[ranville] ’, G.D. 29/92. Cf. Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, p. 23. Granville's draft has not been traced.

^{page 143 note 2} See above, no. 319 note. The draft to Elliot, No. 208, is in Granville's hand. Hammond's has not been traced.

^{page 143 note 3} The French evacuation of Orléans.

^{page 143 note 4} Given in Morier's second report, see above, no. 330.

^{page 144 note 1} See Granville to Brunnow, private, most confidential, 12 Oct., proposing confidential understanding between England and Russia on ‘ reasonable ’ peace terms, G.D. 29/115. See below, no. 341.

^{page 144 note 2} See above, no. 326.

^{page 144 note 3} Of the Lorne marriage ; see Granville to the Queen, tel. 6.15 p.m., 11 Oct., G.D. 29/32.

^{page 145 note 1} See above, no. 322.

^{page 145 note 2} See above, nos. 330, 331.

^{page 145 note 3} The fresh American overture, after Stanley's and Clarendon's failures to settle the several matters at issue between Britain and the United States, looked to the achievement of some bargain by setting the three kinds of question (Canadian, boundary and Civil War claims) off against each other. It was kept out of the official papers. See Thornton to Granville, private, 27 Sept., G.D. 29/80.

^{page 145 note 4} Relates to Gambetta's balloon exit from Paris, 7 Oct., to enforce the veto of Paris upon elections decreed by the Tours Government.

^{page 146 note 1} The Lorne marriage. The news, at the Queen's request, was published at once, 14 Oct., two tels., Granville to Gladstone, 13 Oct., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 146 note 2} This sentence was scored down the side. See above, no. 333. Cf. Granville's draft tel. to Gladstone : ‘ Telegraph immediately to Hammond and to me whether you approve or object to my letter to Brunnow ’, G.D. 29/58.

^{page 146 note 3} Lyons to Granville, private, 10 Oct., G.D. 29/85.

^{page 147 note 1} For Granville's response to the American overture, see to Thornton, private, 13 Oct., F.O. 362/1. Cf. Rogers to Granville, on the Canadian side, 15, 23 Oct., G.D. 29/75.

^{page 147 note 2} Private, 14 Oct., relating to mounting irritation in Germany about alleged British export of arms to France, G.D. 29/94.

^{page 147 note 3} Cf. Lowe to Granville, 27 Oct., G.D. 29/66, and Granville to Thornton, 13 Oct., F.O. 362/1.

^{page 147 note 4} Russell's mission to Versailles came to be associated with the Black Sea question, see below, nos. 343, 359 note.

^{page 148 note 1} Granville to Buchanan, No. 262, 16 Oct., with min. by Meade, F.O. 65/799. This arose from sounding Brunnow on 12 Oct., see above, no. 333. Brunnow to Granville, 14 Oct., proposed Anglo-Russian agreement on two démarches to spare Paris and to investigate the ‘ strictly necessary ’ conditions of peace, G.D. 29/98. Private and official tels. to Buchanan, 4 p.m. and 8.45 p.m., 14 Oct., resulted, G.D. 29/114, F.O. 65/799. To Buchanan, tel. 11.30 a.m., 16 Oct., made the alterations suggested by Gladstone in no. 342. Instead of deprecating cession ‘ beyond what may be necessary for strategical rectification of frontier ’, Granville asked whether Germany would insist upon her full terms.

^{page 149 note 1} See mem. on Army Questions, 13 Oct., Add. MS. 44759, fo. 169.

^{page 149 note 2} No. 353 confidential, reporting Prussia's protest at the pro-French tone of the Indépendance Belge and the Belgian Government's project of law to check publication of matter dangerous to the state during the war, F.O. 10/309.

^{page 149 note 3} See Hammond to Gladstone, 15 Oct., arguing against sending Russell or anyone uninvited to Versailles, copy, G.D. 29/58.

^{page 149 note 4} See above, no. 341.

^{page 149 note 5} For cabinet of 20 Oct., see below, no. 347.

^{page 150 note 1} Ferrières, 1 Oct., describing starvation as the penalty of further resistance, communicated by Bernstorff, 11 Oct., F.O. 64/706, and Parl. papers. [C. 244] (1871). lxxi, 151–3.

^{page 150 note 2} Minister in attendance at Balmoral. See Forster to Granville, 14 Oct., on the date of the meeting of the privy council, at which the Queen would assent to Princess Louise's marriage, G.D. 29/56 ; and Gladstone to the Queen, 17 Oct.

^{page 150 note 3} See above, nos. 341, 342.

^{page 151 note 1} Cf. Granville to Lyons, No. 535, 17 Oct., passing on this information/F.O. 27/1794.

^{page 151 note 2} Cf. letters to Granville, 18 Oct., from Goschen, G.D. 29/54, from Halifax, G.D. 29/64, from Hatherley, G.D. 29/65. The cabinet met, 3 p.m., 20 Oct., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 126. It agreed to (i) dispatch to Loftus, No. 226, 20 Oct., on Britain's having urged France to accept an armistice, F.O. 64/682, (ii) tel. to Lyons, 6.40 p.m., 20 Oct., F.O. 27/1794, (iii) dispatch to Buchanan, No. 267, 20 Oct., on British reliance on Russian support, F.O. 65/799. Russia had rejected the Anglo-Russian agreement (tel. from Buchanan, 18 Oct., F.O. 65/807) proposed 14–16 Oct.

^{page 151 note 3} See Granville to Lyons, No. 537, 18 Oct., F.O. 27/1794, and Parl. papers, loc. cit. p. 170.

^{page 151 note 4} Marked: ‘ I agree. W. E. G[ladstone] O.21.’

^{page 151 note 5} From Buchanan, 6 p.m., received midnight, 23 Oct., ‘ there is an indisposition to employ diplomatic pressure against Prussia ’, F.O. 65/807. The change in Russia may have resulted from Thiers's presence in St. Petersburg. Russia offered mediation separately and convinced Granville that she was playing ‘ a double game ’, to Lyons, private, 2 Nov., F.O. 362/4, to Buchanan, 2 Nov., G.D. 29/114.

^{page 152 note 1} In the Edinburgh Review, see above, no. 307. The authorship was revealed in an article in the Daily News, Reeve to Gladstone, 4 Nov., Add MS. 44428, fo. 174.

^{page 152 note 2} In negotiation at Versailles for an armistice, preliminary to elections for a constituent assembly. The problem arose, whether Alsace and Lorraine were to vote. Gladstone's solution was to allow the writs to run there without enforcing them, Granville to Lyons, private, 26 Oct., F.O. 362/4. The negotiation broke off on 6 Nov.

^{page 152 note 3} See Bernstorff to Granville, 26 Oct., replying to Granville's notification, 25 Oct., of French wish for an armistice to enable an assembly to be convoked. Bernstorff answered that this had been offered through General Burnside and been categorically refused. F.O. 64/706.

^{page 152 note 4} Follows no. 350 in G.D. 29/58; shows that the Crimean War policy of armed intervention on Turkey's behalf no longer held. It is marked ‘ suspended ’.

^{page 152 note 5} Elliot in No. 242 confidential, 17 Oct., received 27 Oct., reported a question from the Grand Vizier about military help from Britain if Turkey was attacked by Russia, F.O. 78/2125. The dispatch is minuted by Granville and Hammond.

^{page 152 note 6} Cabinet, Wednesday, 2 Nov., discussed the legislative programme for the session, and ‘Turkey. Treaty of 1856 …’, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 127.

^{page 153 note 1} The original of no. 351 in the Granville papers is followed by a copy marked ‘ original within suspended ’. Cf. Granville to Spencer, copy, 24 Sept., on the same subject, G.D. 29/77.

^{page 153 note 2} From Bemstorff, private, 10 p.m., 3 Nov., circulated in the cabinet, announcing a break in the negotiations between Thiers and Bismarck owing to events in Paris, G.D. 29/94. For report, 2 Nov., of the fall of the Provisional Government circulated in the cabinet as untrustworthy, see G.D. 29/92.

^{page 153 note 3} Concerns the Queen's continued stay at Balmoral and the attendance of a cabinet minister.

^{page 154 note 1} See Granville to Buchanan, tel. 3.45 p.m., and No. 298, 10 Nov., F.O. 65/799. He was told to ‘ antedate ’ the inquiry, see below, no. 355.

^{page 153 note 2} Gladstone noted that the cabinet of 4 Nov. instructed Granville to draft a dispatch to urge Turkey to adopt any practicable means to strengthen the loyalty of her subjects, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 132. A draft in Hammond's hand, Nov., was suspended, G.D. 29/116, and no dispatch on these lines was sent, see F.O. 78/2120.

^{page 153 note 3} Tel. 4.24 p.m., received 7 p.m., 8 Nov., reporting that Allenkoff was said to carry advice to the King of Prussia not to annex French territory, F.O. 64/697A.

^{page 153 note 4} Printed Temperley and Penson, Foundations, pp. 331–3. Cf. to Buchanan, No. 301, 10 Nov., replying to the Russian denunciation of the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris, F.O. 65/799; Correspondence respecting the Treaty of March 30, 1856. Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 9–16Google Scholar. The dispatch followed Gladstone's mem. from the second line but added two paragraphs. One regretted the denunciation's effect on Anglo-Russian relations and came from a rejected draft reply by Hammond. The second, written by Granville, ended the dispatch by opening the door to negotiation. Cf. Granville to Buchanan, No. 299, 9 Nov., F.O. 65/799, Odo Russell to Granville, Wedy night, G.D. 29/92, cabinets 10, 11 Nov., Add. MS. 44638, fos. 140, 144. Granville to the Queen, tel., 11 Nov., G.D. 29/32.

^{page 155 note 1} The clause ‘ but … indivisible ’ omitted, apparently at Granville's instance, from the dispatch.

^{page 155 note 2} ‘ Proceed … They ’ omitted from the dispatch.

^{page 155 note 3} Altered by Granville to ‘ assume’.

^{page 156 note 1} See Odo Russell to Granville, Saturday [12 Nov., misdated on the docket 15 Nov.], stating that Derby, with whom he dined, 11 Nov., ‘ would go to war for the neutrality of Egypt but not for the neutrality of the Black Sea ’, and thought Bloomfield should have a peerage, G.D. 29/92. Bessborough to Granville, 24 June 1870, shows an effort to get Lord Derby on to the Liberal side then, G.D. 29/71.

^{page 156 note 2} For the Gwydir and Aveland claims to the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, see G.E.C. ii. App. D, 607–9. See also Gurdon to Meade, 12 Nov., and mins. by Hatherley and Gladstone on the back of no. 358 in favour of Lord Aveland, and mem. by Gurdon, 22 Nov., with remarks by Granville, 1 Dec., and Gurdon, 2 Dec., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 157 note 1} I.e. 20 Nov. A copy of the British reply to Russia's denunciation of the Black Sea clauses was carried by Odo Russell to Bismarck at Versailles, 13 Nov.; see Granville to Bernstorff and to Bismarck, 11 Nov., G.D. 29/111. See also Granville, private, 11 Nov., to Buchanan, G.D. 29/114, to Lyons, F.O. 362/4, to Paget, G.D. 29/112, to Loftus, G.D. 29/114, to Bloomfield, F.O. 362/2, 13 Nov., to Elliot and to Layard, G.D. 29/116.

^{page 157 note 2} 4.30 p.m. received 10.30 p.m., 16 Nov., F.O. 65/807.

^{page 157 note 3} See Gladstone to the Queen, 11 Nov., and reply by Ponsonby, 13 Nov., Letters, 2nd ser. ii. 81–4. Cf. Ponsonby to Granville, 14 Nov., F.O. 65/799.

^{page 157 note 4} As part of the general settlement of difficulties with the United States, see above, nos. 336, 339. Cf. note on cabinet of 10 Nov., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 140.

^{page 158 note 1} To Granville, private, 4 Nov., received 14 Nov., G.D. 29/102, supplements his official dispatch on the state of the Eastern Question in reply to No. 208, 6 Oct.; see above, no. 319 note, below, 365. The letter dwells on the importance of the neutralization of the Black Sea.

^{page 158 note 2} 16 Nov., Add. MS. 44539, fo. 75; for Bright's reply, 17 Nov., see Add. MS. 44112, fo. 157.

^{page 158 note 3} 15 Nov., on the ‘ impersonal ’ character of his controversy with Acton about the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine and Acton's political failure, copy, G.D. 29/58. For controversy see letters signed N.M. and Scrutator, The Times, 25 Oct. p. 12; 27 Oct. p. 10; 31 Oct. p. 10; 1 Nov. p. 10; 4 Nov. p. 12; 7 Nov. p. 12; 10 Nov. p. 9; 15 Nov. p. 15.

^{page 158 note 4} See to Granville, private, 11 Nov., G.D. 29/97. When the reference could not be traced, Buchanan explained that he had erased the passage about the neutralization of the Black Sea not lasting long, from his dispatch to Clarendon before sending it, to Granville, private, 20 Nov., G.D. 29/97.

^{page 158 note 5} On the armistice negotiations with Bismarck at Versailles, 1–6 Nov., enclosed in Lyons to Granville, No. 179, 13 Nov., F.O. 27/1820, Further correspondence respecting the War … Parl. papers. [C. 244] (1871). lxxi, 230–7. Cf. Granville to Lyons, private, 15 Nov., F.O. 362/4.

^{page 159 note 1} No. 303 confidential, 13 Nov., summarizing Brunnow's letter and Granville's reply in the form of a conversation, F.O. 65/799. Granville argued that infractions did not justify unilateral denunciation.

^{page 159 note 2} Cf. Loftus to Granville, private, 26 Oct., 5 Nov., 19 Nov., 22 Nov., G.D. 29/90.

^{page 159 note 3} Under d'Aurelles des Paladines had resumed the offensive and taken Orléans by 10 Nov.

^{page 159 note 4} See Granville to Elliot, No. 247, 17 Nov., No. 256 confidential, 28 Nov., both on conversation with Musurus, 16 Nov., F.O. 78/2120. The same argument reached Granville from Bismarck, private, Versailles 24 Nov., G.D. 29/94, and through Buchanan from Reuss, German ambassador in St. Petersburg, from Buchanan, private, 20 Nov., G.D. 29/97, and No. 474, 20 Nov., F.O. 65/805.

^{page 160 note 1} See above, no. 356.

^{page 160 note 2} From Bright, 17, 18 Nov., arguing that Britain should yield to Russia on the Black Sea question, Add. MS. 44112, fos. 157, 161, 163. Bright also asked that his resignation might now become effective. See also Gladstone to Bright, 28 Nov., Add. MS. 44539, fo. 85.

^{page 160 note 3} See No. 254 confidential, 31 Oct., received 14 Nov., describing the state of the Eastern Question, and the necessity of Britain's honouring the guarantee, F.O. 78/2125.

^{page 160 note 4} Led to fresh British representations to Prussia and France, see Granville to Bernstorff, private, 14 Nov., G.D. 29/111, and reply, 15 Nov., G.D. 29/94.

^{page 161 note 1} 23 Nov., postponed to 25 Nov.

^{page 161 note 2} Cf. Hammond to Granville, private, 19 Nov., G.D. 29/104.

^{page 161 note 3} To Granville, private, 19 Nov., and copy of reply 20 Nov., G.D. 29/79.

^{page 162 note 1} Buchanan to Granville, tel. 20 Nov., on the academic character of denunciation, F.O. 65/807; cf. no. 363. The conference proposal from Bismarck was not received until early on 23 Nov.

^{page 162 note 2} Granville's addition to No. 301 to Buchanan; see above, no. 356 note.

^{page 162 note 3} Cf. Lyons to Granville, private, 17 Nov: ‘ If we do not help France she will take aid from any quarter she can get it, even from the Satanic Alliance (as Thiers calls it) with Russia’, G.D. 29/85.

^{page 162 note 4} An ink blot.

^{page 163 note 1} Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 11.15 a.m., 21 Nov.: ‘ I will telegraph about the Cabinet from London this afternoon. I am afraid you ought to come to town ’, G.D. 29/58.

^{page 163 note 2} To resign, to Bright, copy, 21 Nov., G.D. 29/52, printed Fitzmaurice, ii. 28.

^{page 164 note 1} Missing from the letters of Reeve to Gladstone, which enclosed letters from Guizot, in Add. MS. 44428.

^{page 164 note 2} Represented by Russia as an infraction of the Treaty of Paris, 1856, in the dispatches, 19/30 and 20/31 Oct., communicated 9 Nov., denouncing the Black Sea clauses.

^{page 164 note 3} ‘ Questions at issue between Canada and the United States ’ by Sir F. Rogers, 18 Nov., marked ‘ circulated [in the cabinet] Deer. 5/70,’ G.D. 29/68. Cf. Rogers to Granville, 15, 24 Oct., G.D. 29/75.

^{page 164 note 4} ‘ Relations with the United States ’, 19 Nov., printed for the cabinet, 21 Nov., F.O. 5/1331.

^{page 165 note 1} Copy, private, 13 Oct., F.O. 362/1.

^{page 165 note 2} 25th. Buchanan's tel. 2 a.m. received 8 a.m., 22 Nov., announced the holding back of the Russian rejoinder to the British reply to the denunciation of the Black Sea clauses, for amendment at Buchanan's instance, but so that it should leave by the 23rd, F.O. 65/807.

^{page 165 note 3} See Granville to Gladstone, tel. 6.15 p.m., 22 Nov., asking for a cabinet on 25 Nov., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 165 note 4} 20 Nov., submitting reports on revived Fenian activities and advising release with banishment; cf. subsequent correspondence, 27 Nov.-28 Dec., Add. MS. 44086, fos. 157–79.

^{page 166 note 1} To Granville, private, Tours, 17 Nov., G.D. 29/85, and Granville's reply, private, 23 Nov., asking what France meant by moral support, F.O. 362/4.

^{page 166 note 2} To Granville, private, Berlin, 19 Nov., recalling that before March 1856 Lord Clarendon was ‘ in favour of opening the Black Sea to all nations …’, G.D. 29/90.

^{page 166 note 3} Relates to bellicose letters from Lords Russell and Shaftesbury to The Times, 22 Nov. Cf. G.D. 29/79 for correspondence between Granville and Russell arising.

^{page 166 note 4} To Granville, private, Washington, 1 Nov., on Fish's response to the British reply to his overture for the settlement of Anglo-American differences, G.D. 29/80. Cf. above, nos. 336, 339, 360.

^{page 167 note 1} Untraced.

^{page 167 note 2} See below, nos. 380 note, 389.

^{page 167 note 3} Russell to Granville, tel. 22 Nov., received 23 Nov., announcing Bismarck's offer ‘ to take the initiative in proposing a conference at St. Petersburgh ’, F.O. 65/799.

^{page 167 note 4} See no. 378, probably written on 25 Nov., but a fair copy sent to Granville was dated 26 Nov. The Russian rejoinder to the British reply to the denunciation of the Black Sea clauses, 8/20 Nov., was communicated, 25 Nov., F.O. 65/815; Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 32–4.

^{page 167 note 5} To Granville, private, 14 Nov., G.D. 29/102.

^{page 168 note 1} Gladstone's holograph is in Add. MS. 44759, fo. 224. Cf. Granville to Buchanan, No. 326, 28 Nov., answering the Russian rejoinder to the British reply to the denunciation of the Black Sea clauses, F.O. 65/799. The dispatch drafted by Granville follows in substance paragraph 2 and the first two sentences of paragraph 4 and ends by accepting a conference. It was discussed in the cabinet of Friday, 25 Nov., and approved in that of Monday, 28 Nov., Add. MS. 44638, fos. 147, 150.

^{page 169 note 1} 8 p.m., 25 Nov., accepting Bismarck's conference proposal. For Otway's bellicose views on the Black Sea question see his mem. 11 Nov., sent to Granville, 19 Nov., and Granville's reply, 20 Nov., G.D. 29/107, and Otway to Gladstone, 27 Nov., Add. MS. 44428, fo. 224. Otway's letter of resignation has not been traced, but see Granville to Otway, 28 Nov., G.D. 29/107.

^{page 169 note 2} To Edmund Dease, M.P. for Queen's Co., 30 Nov., replying to Dease, 15 Nov., on the temporal power of the Pope, Add. MS. 44428, fos. 205, 236, published in The Times, 8 Dec., p. 3.

^{page 169 note 3} Granville to Gladstone, 30 Nov., on Bulwer's peerage and his income, and an undated note by Granville on precedence as between the King of Prussia and Emperor of Russia in signing a treaty, Add. MS. 44167, fos. 202, 206, not printed.

^{page 169 note 4} See above, no. 350.

^{page 170 note 1} See above, no. 374.

^{page 170 note 2} See to Granville, private, 18 Nov., on the abrogation of the neutrality of the Black Sea and alternative methods of protecting Turkey, G.D. 29/102. He favoured altering the closure of the Straits to allow Turkey to call up friendly fleets, before she was at war, as soon as an emergency occurred; cf. No. 293, 21 Nov. received 1 Dec., F.O. 78/2125.

^{page 170 note 3} Prussian victory over the army of the Loire.

^{page 171 note 1} In mem. for Gladstone enclosed in a letter to Granville, 13 Sept. The mem. has not been traced, but the letter was returned by Gladstone marked: ‘ Can we talk more on this and the kindred points? Or wait a little. W. E. G. Ja 18 [1871] ’. No. 383 was sent to Bessborough, who returned it saying he considered Gladstone's scheme ‘ the wildest and most visionary … I ever heard of ’, 6 Dec., G.D. 29/71.

^{page 172 note 1} Whether he would go to Washington to prepare for official negotiations on Anglo-American differences. See above, nos. 373, 374, 375.

^{page 173 note 1} Odo Russell to Granville, tel. received 2.30 a.m., 1 Dec., reported a general acceptance of the conference proposal, which remained unconfirmed, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 173 note 2} Began as a private gesture to reimburse Motley after a burglary, but grew into a partisan demonstration on his recall from London. Granville's persuasion caused Mrs. Gladstone's withdrawal; see her letters to Granville, 19 Nov., 1 and 9 Dec., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 173 note 3} Further mem. on Alsace-Lorraine, Nov., with a letter from Argyll to Gladstone, 25 Nov., G.D. 29/58; mem. printed Knaplund, P., Gladstone's Foreign Policy (1935), pp. 270–9Google Scholar

^{page 174 note 1} Brunnow to Granville, private, samedi matin [3 Dec], asking him to resume a conversation of 30 Nov. Granville saw him on Monday evening, G.D. 29/98. Granville to Buchanan, No. 342 confidential, 9 Dec., follows paragraph 3, part of paragraph 5 and summarizes paragraph 6 of no. 387 concluding with the advice not to withdraw from a useful task.

^{page 174 note 2} Cf. Apponyi to Granville, private, 29 Nov., on agreement before the conference met, identic instructions to the representatives of the signatories of the tripartite treaty, and Anglo-Austrian co-operation, G.D., 29/82, and Granville's reply, 29 Nov., F.O. 362/2.

^{page 176 note 1} Communicated to Granville, 5 Dec. The copy in G.D. 29/91 is headed Annexe à no. 111 22 Nov./3 Dec. (Brunnow to Gorchakov). It has alterations suggested by Granville, which gave it the form recorded in the first protocol of the Black Sea conference, Protocols of Conferences … respecting the Treaty of March 30, 1856. Parl. papers. [C. 267] (1871). lxxii, 122–3Google Scholar.

^{page 176 note 2} See Layard to Granville, private, 26 Nov., on alternative security for Turkey after abrogation of the neutrality of the Black Sea, G.D. 29/99.

^{page 176 note 3} About the letter of Bishop Moriarty to Monsell, 28 Nov., forwarded by Monsell to Granville, 1 Dec., and by him to Gladstone, G.D. 29/74. See also Granville to Monsell, 8 Dec., G.D. 29/77. The subject was the danger of the Liberals losing the support of Catholic Ireland for want of action to maintain the Pope's temporal power.

^{page 176 note 4} See above, no. 380 note.

^{page 176 note 5} Private, 30 Nov., missing from Odo Russell's private letters to Granville, G.D. 29/92, extract in Add. MS. 44428, fo. 245. Cf. below, no. 478.

^{page 176 note 6} 26 Nov., on the settlement as a whole, of all questions at issue between the United States and Canada, and the United States and Britain, F.O. 5/1331.

^{page 177 note 1} Copies of Gladstone to Lowe, 6 Dec., and Lowe to Gladstone, 5 Dec., on the introduction of competitive examinations for entry into the Foreign Office, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 177 note 2} No. 391.

^{page 178 note 1} From Paget, 26 Nov., F.O. 45/168.

^{page 178 note 2} Cf. to Odo Russell, tel. 3 p.m., 10 Dec., instructing him to congratulate as soon as officially told the Empire was proclaimed, and Russell to Granville, No. 28, 19 Dec., reporting that he had done so, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 178 note 3} The Queen refused to consider Norfolk for the Garter, Bessborough to Granville, 15 Dec., G.D. 29/71, and note by Gurdon, c. 9 Dec., G.D. 29/58. A vacancy was caused by Lord Hertford's death, 24 Aug., but was not filled until the nomination of Lord Zetland, Dec. 1872.

^{page 178 note 4} Granville to Lyons, 6 Dec., F.O. 27/1796; Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 57.

^{page 179 note 1} In preliminary discussions with Brunnow, Apponyi and Bernstorff on the Russian speech in the forthcoming Black Sea conference, the invitation to the conference and the line of proceedings.

^{page 179 note 2} The invitation containing a condemnation of the unilateral denunciation of treaties was ultimately dropped, see below, no. 410.

^{page 179 note 3} See undated mem., received by Granville's secretary 12 Dec., recommending abolition of the closure of the Straits and regulation of the number of ships to be sent at any one time by the Mediterranean powers into the Black Sea, or by Russia into the Mediterranean, G.D. 29/104.

^{page 179 note 4} See above, no. 382.

^{page 180 note 1} See above, no. 389, and Lowe to Granville, 5 Dec., G.D. 29/66.

^{page 180 note 2} From Halifax, Knowsley, 6 Dec., G.D. 29/64.

^{page 180 note 3} On Alsace-Lorraine, see above, no. 386.

^{page 180 note 4} See below, no. 405.

^{page 180 note 5} The rest of no. 397 is taken from the copy in G.D. 29/58.

^{page 181 note 1} See above, no. 393.

^{page 181 note 2} See above, no. 394.

^{page 181 note 3} See below, no. 401.

^{page 181 note 4} To Granville, Darmstadt, 6 Dec., the PS. stating that Britain could have the game all her own way had she not ignored the liberal members of the North German Parliament, G.D. 29/95.

^{page 181 note 5} Prévost-Paradol, L. A., La France nouvelle (1868)Google Scholar, expounding the views of the liberal opposition to the Napoleonic Empire.

^{page 181 note 6} Printed Temperley and. Penson, Foundations, p. 333.

^{page 182 note 1} Granville telegraphed to Russell, 8.15 p.m., 7 Dec. : ‘ Sound Count Bismarck as entirely from yourself whether Prussia disposed to accede to Tripartite Treaty ’, No. 35 most confidential, 7 Dec., F.O. 64/737.

^{page 182 note 2} 6.45 p.m., 10 Dec., beginning : ‘ It is most satisfactory to hear of your good position at headquarters. But take care not to commit yourself without instructions about conditions of peace ’, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 183 note 1} See above, nos. 394, 396.

^{page 183 note 2} See Granville to Lyons, No. 788, 10 Dec., on Chaudordy's dispatch, 6 Dec., F.O. 27/1796.

^{page 183 note 3} 3 p.m., received midnight, 8 Dec., ‘ … the position of Prussia is now so strong that no peace negotiations short of unconditional surrender will be entertained ’, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 183 note 4} Dease letter, see above, no. 380 note.

^{page 184 note 1} 11 Dec., on the English Catholics' alarm lest the Pope suffer indignity, G.D. 29/112; it became dispatch No. 122 confidential, 19 Dec., F.O. 45/160. See also Paget to Granville, private, 22 Dec., G.D. 29/96.

^{page 184 note 2} Cf. Odo Russell to Granville, No. 25 confidential, 14 Dec., recording an earlier telegram, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 184 note 3} See Granville to Rose, No. 1 confidential, sent to Gladstone and returned with comments, II Dec., F.O. 5/1298.

^{page 185 note 1} Bismarck's circular to the signatories of the Luxemburg Treaty of 1867, 3 Dec., communicated 9 Dec., accused Luxemburg of breaking her neutrality, F.O. 64/707. A pencil note on a second copy: ‘ I propose telling Bernstorff that I wait for the reply of Luxembourg G[ranville].’ See also Correspondence respecting the alleged Violation of the Neutrality of … Luxemburg. Parl. papers. [C. 246] (1871). lxxi, 655Google Scholar.

^{page 185 note 2} Printed Temperley and Penson, Foundations, p. 335. Omission relates to his son's illness.

^{page 185 note 3} Russell suggested Prussia's accession and Bismarck objected, to Granville tel. 3.25 p.m., received 6 p.m., 17 Dec., F.O. 64/737, and private, 18 Dec., G.D. 29/92, 21 Dec., G.D. 29/91.

^{page 186 note 1} From Hatherley, 12 Dec., answering Granville's letter, 11 Dec., which enclosed copy of no. 400, and asked his opinion on Prussia's and Russia's joining the tripartite treaty. Hatherley approved but doubted the proposal's success, G.D. 29/65.

^{page 186 note 2} To Granville, 11.30 p.m., 12 Dec.; see No. 353, 12 Dec., on his proposal to modify the closure of the straits (above, no. 382) and the Turk's desire that all the powers should adhere to the tripartite treaty, F.O. 78/2126.

^{page 186 note 3} No copy in F.O. 27/1842 or G.D. 29, but see to Lyons, No. 788, 10 Dec., F.O. 27/1796.

^{page 186 note 4} 2.40 p.m., received 3.47 p.m., 13 Dec., also expressed anxiety about Luxemburg. Granville telegraphed that he had ‘ asked some colleagues to talk over ’ Luxemburg at four that day (cf. no. 407), 13 Dec., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 186 note 5} Missing from G.D. 29/92 and F.O. 64/737.

^{page 187 note 1} Draft of No. 788, 10 Dec., F.O. 27/1796, has Gladstone's pencilled comment, 13 Dec., as repeated here and a consequent modification by Granville.

^{page 187 note 2} Tel. 3.25 p.m., received 4.52 p.m., 1 Dec. Granville telegraphed that he had summoned a cabinet for three on Thursday, 15 Dec., G.D. 29/58.

^{page 187 note 3} Cabinet, 3 p.m., 15 Dec. (Add. MS. 44638, fo. 153), considered and amended No. 372 to Loftus, 17 Dec., replying to Bernstorfi's communication of Bismarck's circular of 3 Dec., F.O. 64/683, Parl. papers. [C. 246] (1871). lxxi, 660–1. Cf. min. by Hammond, 15 Dec., G.D. 29/104; Loftus to Granville, private, 17, 24, 31 Dec., G.D. 29/90; Granville to Russell, tel. 6 p.m., 15 Dec.; from Russell, tel. 11.30 a.m., 17 Dec., No. 33 confidential, 27 Dec., that the circular was not a denunciation of the treaty of 1867, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 188 note 1} Gladstone comments on 3 documents circulated to the cabinet by Granville, 14 Dec., before its meeting on 15th, G.D. 29/91. Gladstone notes no discussion of the Black Sea question in the cabinet before 17 Dec., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 154. The protocol condemning unilateral denunciation of treaties went through several changes. The first draft, abandoning Buchanan's wording, followed the words suggested here in paragraph 2 for Granville's speech, G.D. 29/91. The note referred to is the invitation to the conference. Cf. Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 75; [C. 267] (1871). lxxii, 122, 124.

^{page 188 note 2} See J. G. Shaw Lefevre to Granville, 2, 8 Dec.; J. Erskine May to Granville, 2 Dec.; Granville to Richmond, 11 Dec., offering to concert a bill with the opposition, and Richmond to Granville, 13 Dec., proposing a meeting with Cairns, G.D. 29/78.

^{page 188 note 3} To Hatherley, 19 Dec., and reply 20 Dec., G.D. 29/65.

^{page 188 note 4} See Granville to Brunnow, personal and confidential, Windsor, 17 Dec., G.D. 29/115; Brunnow to Granville, 18 Dec., replying, 20 Dec., on his authorization to sign, G.D. 29/98; Granville to Buchanan, private, 21 Dec., G.D. 29/114.

^{page 188 note 5} Cf. Lyons to Granville, 19 Dec., G.D. 29/85.

^{page 188 note 6} To Lyons, tel. 4.20 p.m., 20 Dec., F.O. 27/1796. Jules Favre having failed to get out, France was not represented at the Black Sea conference until 3 March. Gladstone noted that the cabinet, 17 Dec., agreed to abandon the tripartite treaty if requested by the Porte, Add. MS. 44638, fo. 154.

^{page 189 note 1} A British subject captured after leaving Paris by balloon and held by Prussia for trial as a spy.

^{page 189 note 2} That all persons picked up out of balloons would be shot as spies, Granville to Loftus, No. 356, 12 Dec., F.O. 64/683.

^{page 189 note 3} ‘ Countess Frank ’ or Lady Waldegrave, the wife of Fortescue who had been offered the Board of Trade in Bright's place, but asked for time to consider, 18 Dec., Add. MS. 44122, fo. 197. He wrote to Gladstone, 19 Dec., asking to be assured that acceptance would not spoil his chance of higher office, Add. MS. 44122, fo. 205.

^{page 189 note 4} Offering him the parliamentary under-secretaryship at the Foreign Office vice Otway, 19 Dec., Add. MS. 44539, fo. 106.

^{page 190 note 1} To Russell, tel. 5.45 p.m., 24 Dec., and from Russell, tel. 2.46 p.m., and No. 32 confidential, 27 Dec., replying the ‘ bribe ’ was English help in gaining for Prussia the alliance of Austria, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 190 note 2} Turkey understood that the British proposal was to insert the provisions of the tripartite treaty in the six-power guarantee of the Treaty of March 1856. See Granville to Elliot, tel. 17 Dec., F.O. 78/2120; Elliot to Granville, tel. 9.30 p.m., recorded No. 368, 20 Dec., F.O. 78/2126.

^{page 190 note 3} Urging him to accept the Irish secretaryship vice Fortescue. See Gladstone to Hartington, 23 Dec., Add. MS. 44143, fo. 38. Cf. Holland, B. H., The Life of Spencer Compton Eighth Duke of Devonshire (1911), i. 80–1Google Scholar.

^{page 190 note 4} See Lowe to Granville, 21 and 22 Dec., proposing that Tenterden be moved from the Foreign Office to the Treasury, and Granville's discouraging replies, 22 and 23 Dec., G.D. 29/66.

^{page 190 note 5} See above, no. 406 note.

^{page 191 note 1} To Granville, 14 Dec., reporting Bismarck's proposals : (i) that the Black Sea conference proceed as if the Russian denunciation had not occurred, (ii) that Russia open by requesting a revision of the Treaty of Paris, (iii) that Turkey speak next, (iv) followed by the other powers, F.O. 64/737.

^{page 191 note 2} 22 Dec., Add. MS. 44428, fo. 297; cf. Enfield to Granville, 23 Dec., G.D. 29/107; appointment as foreign under-secretary announced 26 Dec.

^{page 191 note 3} Of the office of judge-advocate-general vice O'Loghlen, offered 21 Dec., Add. MS. 44539, fo. 107.

^{page 191 note 4} See No. 262, 14 Dec., F.O. 45/169.

^{page 191 note 5} To Gladstone, 22 Dec., Add. MS. 44428, fo. 294. Gladstone sent Candlish his letter to Dr. Guthrie explaining the Dease letter. This was read at the Free Church Presbytery 28 Dec., see The Times, 31 Dec., p. 3.

^{page 191 note 6} See above, no. 413 note 4.

^{page 192 note 1} See Reitlinger, F., Une Mission diplomatique en octobre 1870 (1899)Google Scholar.

^{page 192 note 2} See above, no. 410; Granville to Apponyi, private, 25 Dec., F.O. 362/2; Granville to Bernstorff, 26 Dec., G.D. 29/111. Granville saw both Bernstorff and Brunnow on 29 Dec. and agreed upon another text; see draft following Bernstorff to Granville, 28 Dec., G.D. 29/94.

^{page 192 note 3} See Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 25 Nov., Add. MS. 44638, fo. 147.

^{page 192 note 4} To Odo Russell, private, 24 Dec., original and copy in G.D. 29/110, marked by Hervey: ‘ Suspended by Lord Granville's desire ’.

^{page 193 note 1} To Gladstone, 26 Dec., on postponing the opening of Parliament to suit the Queen and on the negotiations on the Greek massacres, Add. MS. 44286, fo. 104.

^{page 193 note 2} To Gladstone, 24 Dec., refusing the Irish secretaryship, Add. MSS. 44143, fo. 40; Holland, op. cit., 81–2.

^{page 193 note 3} See below, nos. 421, 425.

^{page 193 note 4} Gladstone docketed no. 419: ‘ Christmas Day 1870 ’. Granville's figure can be read as 25. The date is fixed as 28 by the interview with Hartington. It must have been written after no. 416, announcing Reitlinger's visit, had been received.

^{page 193 note 5} Cf. Hartington to Gladstone, 28 Dec., renewing his refusal of the Irish secretaryship after he had seen Granville but asking to see Gladstone again, Add. MS. 44143, fo. 46, Holland, op. cit., pp. 82–3.

^{page 196 note 1} See above, no. 418, below, no. 425.

^{page 196 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, tel. 10.15 a.m., 29 Dec., G.D, 29/58.

^{page 197 note 1} ‘ Give me for next Cabinet ’ on No. 281 confidential,. 21 Dec., F.O. 45/169. Paget asked for the withdrawal of his instruction (20 Dec., after cabinet, 17 Dec., F.O. 45/160), not to enter Rome with the King of Italy.

^{page 197 note 2} Gladstone to Stansfield, 30 Dec., explained that he would not offer him the Post Office without a place in the cabinet, G.D. 29/58. Monsell accepted.

^{page 198 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, tel. 30 Dec., suggesting that Paget should accompany the King into Rome if the rest of the corps diplomatique did, and Gladstone's reply, 3.30, 30 Dec., G.D. 29/58;

^{page 198 note 2} Gladstone enclosed a letter from M. Regray, manager of the Great Luxemburg line; translated extract in G.D. 29/58.

^{page 198 note 3} No. 400, 28 Dec., protesting against the German sinking of six British colliers in the Seine. F.O. 64/683; Correspondence respecting the Sinking of Six British Vessels …, Parl. papers. [C. 250] (1871). lxxi, 374–5.

^{page 199 note 1} Granville to Otway, 23 Dec., saying that Enfield had been offered the foreign undersecretaryship, G.D. 29/107. See above, no. 414.

^{page 199 note 2} The subject was not pursued until reopened by the French, see below, no. 445.

^{page 199 note 3} Colonel Stokes, British representative on the European Commission of the Danube, came to London on the eve of the Black Sea conference to urge Granville to secure permanency for the international control as compensation for ending the neutrality of the Black Sea. He argued that control of the Danube by the riverain powers would exclude English influence. See Stokes to Granville, No. 19, London, 29 Dec., F.O. 78/3226.

^{page 200 note 1} 23 Dec. Cf. 7 letters exchanged between Granville and Otway in Jan., Otway to Granville, 4 May and 25 Nov. (with pencil note by Granville on the back), G.D. 29/107. Granville to Gladstone, undated, sending part of this correspondence and withdrawing the suggested honour, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 14, not printed.

^{page 201 note 1} 6.45 p.m., 2 Jan., proposing to add Bismarck's words to the draft protocol, and asking for Count Bernstorff's unreserved adhesion, F.O. 64/738. The final version of the protocol was settled with Brunnow and Bernstorff on 4 Jan., G.D. 29/91.

^{page 201 note 2} 7 p.m., received 10.20 p.m., 1 Jan., F.O. 64/738.

^{page 202 note 1} See Lumley to Granville, No. 446, 12 Dec, reporting the incident, F.O. 10/310 ; to Lyons, tel. 7.25 p.m., 3 Jan., F.O. 27/1850.

^{page 202 note 2} Russell to Granville, tel. 7 p.m., received 10.20 p.m., 1 Jan., and No. 4, 3 Jan., announcing German regret and readiness to pay full compensation, F.O. 64/738 ; Parl. papers. [C. 250] (1871). lxxi, 377–8 ; see above, no. 426.

^{page 202 note 3} Described Prince Charles's difficulties. He wrote similarly to the rulers of the other guaranteeing states ; see Green to Granville, No. 100, 9 Dec, and 101, 10 Dec. and enclosures, F.O. 78/2134. Cf. Granville to Green, No. 1, 9 Jan., saying the letter had been received, F.O. 78/2183.

^{page 202 note 4} Cabinet met 19, 20, 25 Jan., Add. MS. 44639, fos. 2–4.

^{page 203 note 1} 11.50 p.m., 3 Jan., received 5 a.m., 4 Jan., describing Bernstorff's instructions to agree to any wording of the proposed protocol to which all would consent, F.O. 64/738.

^{page 204 note 1} To Granville, private, 3 Jan., G.D. 29/79.

^{page 204 note 2} Bismarck to Bernstorff, 24 Dec, communicated 2 Jan., F.O. 64/730 ; Parl. papers. [C. 246] 1871). lxxi, 685–6; cf. G.D. 29/94.

^{page 205 note 1} Granville to Bernstorff, 17 Dec, G.D. 29/111 ; from Russell, tel. 11.30 a.m., 17 Dec, F.O. 64/737 ; to Russell, private, 20 Dec 1870 and 1 Jan. 1871, G.D. 29/110, printed Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, pp. 37, 39 ; see above, no. 409 note.

^{page 205 note 2} For Granville's draft marked ‘ sent 3 p.m., 5 Jan.,’ and Gladstone's tel. in reply, see G.D. 29/59.

^{page 205 note 3} See Cardwell to Gladstone, 3 Jan., suggesting that Sir W. Mansfield should be made a peer and take the War Office in his place. Add. MS. 44119, fo. 191 ; reply, Add. MS. 44539, fo. 124, with which Granville strongly agreed, Add. MS. 44119, fo. 193.

^{page 205 note 4} Charles E. Trevelyan, From Pesth to Brindisi in the Autumn of 1869 (1870).

^{page 205 note 5} See Erskine to Granville, Nos. 341, 342, 24 Dec, F.O. 32/409 ; Correspondence respecting … Brigands … in Greece. Parl. papers. [C. 249] (1871). lxxi, 561Google Scholar; Granville to Hatherley, 5 Jan, and reply 7 Jan., G.D. 29/65, on the suppression of evidence in the case of F. Noel, a British subject tried for alleged complicity in brigandage.

^{page 206 note 1} No. 19, 6 Jan., refusing to postpone the Black Sea conference further, F.O. 27/1850. Cf. Lyons to Granville, private, 12 Jan., G.D. 29/85. It was ultimately postponed to 17 Jan. for Favre's arrival, Granville to Lyons, tel. 12 Jan., F.O. 27/1850.

^{page 206 note 2} Granville saw him on 5 Jan., Reitlinger to Granville, 4 Jan., G.D. 29/89.

^{page 206 note 3} Copy, 29 Dec. 1870, on arrangements for Favre to go from Paris to the conference and its adjournment for a week, received by Favre, 9 Jan., G.D. 29/109 ; Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 79.

^{page 206 note 4} See above, no. 413.

^{page 206 note 5} The final version of the protocol condemning unilateral denunciation of treaties. Austria tried to restore the more stringent form of 29 Dec, but failed, Apponyi to Granville, private, 6 Jan., G.D. 29/82 ; Granville to Apponyi, private, 4, 10 Jan., F.O. 362/2 ; Granville to Lyons, private, 7 Jan., F.O. 362/4.

^{page 207 note 1} See above, no. 429 ; cf. Granville to Gladstone, copy, 6 Jan., G.D. 29/22A, not printed.

^{page 207 note 2} See above, no. 431.

^{page 207 note 3} Cf. resolution of the Edinburgh Reformation Society, 6 Jan., Add. MS. 44429, fo. 12, et passim.

^{page 208 note 1} To Loftus, No. 12, and to Russell, No. 15, 7 Jan., rejoining to Bismarck's answer to the British reply to the Luxemburg circular, 3 Dec, disregarding Gladstone's suggestions in no. 435, and acknowledging the Prussian disclaimers of hostility to the 1867 treaty, F.O. 64/714; Parl. papers. [C 246] (1871). lxxi, 688–9.

^{page 208 note 2} Hatherley to Granville, 7 Jan., discouraging further discussion, G.D. 29/65.

^{page 208 note 3} To Russell, tel. 3.30 p.m., 7 Jan., F.O. 64/738.

^{page 208 note 4} Cf. Brunnow to Granville, private, samedi matin [7 Jan.], G.D. 29/98.

^{page 208 note 5} To Granville, private, Washington, 20 Dec. 1870, on the personality of General Schenck, and the popular opinion that he had been sent to London to settle the Alabama claims, G.D. 29/80.

^{page 208 note 6} Left England with the proposal for the appointment of a mixed commission to examine Anglo-American differences, 21 Dec, and arrived in Washington, 9 Jan., Granville to Thornton, private, 17 Dec. 1870, F.O. 362/1 ; Thornton to Granville, tel. 9 Jan., F.O. 5/1214.

^{page 209 note 1} Cf. Granville to Thornton, private, 14'Jan., F.O. 362/1.

^{page 209 note 2} See statement, ‘ personelle et confidentielle,’ communicated by Musurus, 9 Jan., on the need of armed intervention in the Principalities, G.D. 29/91 ; Elliot to Granville, No. 394, 30 Dec, received 11 Jan., on deterioration in the state of the Principalities, F.O. 78/2126 ; Elliot to Granville, private, 30 Dec, on the possible fall of Prince Charles, G.D. 29/103.

^{page 210 note 1} Gladstone interpolated here : ‘ What say you as to the Cabinet ? ’

^{page 210 note 2} In Granville's hand on the back of Lyons to Granville, No. 18, 6 Jan., enclosing letter of R. W. Kirby, a British subject, whose property had been plundered by Prussian troops, F.O. 27/1854 ; Granville to Lyons, No. 35, 11 Jan., rejected his claim for redress, but, 13 Jan., Lyons was told to delay pending consultation with the law officers, F.O. 27/1850 ; Parl. papers. [C. 311] (1871). lxxi, 331–4.

^{page 210 note 3} See Elliot to Granville, secret, 30 Dec, F.O. 78/2126, and private, 30 Dec, G.D. 29/103.

^{page 210 note 4} Granville to Lyons, No. 43, 14 Jan., records Chaudordy's fresh appeal for diplomatic recognition, F.O. 27/1850 ; Parl. papers. [C. 244] (1871). lxxi, 264–5. Cf. Lyons to Granville, private, 20 Jan., G.D. 29/85. Granville to Lyons, No. 66, 26 Jan., refused recognition.

^{page 210 note 5} Loftus to Granville, No. 38, 14 Jan., enclosing a petition and address to the Prussian Landtag from an anti-war meeting at New York, 19 Nov. 1870, F.O. 64/716. A note on the back of no. 446 states that the address was sent to the Daily Telegraph for publication.

^{page 211 note 1} 9 Jan., to Chaudordy's circular on the excesses of the German army, communicated by Bernstorff, 16 Jan., F.O. 64/730 ; Parl. papers, loc. cit. pp. 266–71.

^{page 211 note 2} Relates to Turkey's compensation for her loss of security when the neutrality of the Black Sea should end. See an undated summary in Granville's hand, docketed received 21 Jan., G.D. 29/91. This question was opened in the first sitting of the Black Sea conference, 17 Jan., and it was hoped to agree before its second sitting, 24 Jan. ; see Granville's private letters of 18 Jan., to Lyons, F.O. 362/4, to Buchanan, G.D. 29/114, to Russell, G.D. 29/110.

^{page 211 note 3} Then seeking compensation by recovering sovereign rights over the Straits, Ali Pasha to Musurus, communicated to Granville, 9 Jan., G.D. 29/91.

^{page 211 note 4} Gladstone underlined ‘ nonriverain ’ and wrote ‘ meaning ? ’.

^{page 211 note 5} 10 Jan., communicated 17 Jan., Granville to Lyons, No. 51, 17 Jan., F.O. 27/1850 ; Parl. papers. [C. 245] (1871). lxxii, 92–4.

^{page 211 note 6} Private letters, 19 and 21 Jan. (with enclosures), G.D. 29/94.

^{page 212 note 1} Tel. 8.15 p.m., and No. 57, 21 Jan., F.O. 64/738. Copy of the private letter, 21 Jan., in G.D. 29/110, printed Knaplund, Letters from Berlin, p. 42.

^{page 212 note 2} Cf. Bernstorff to Granville, private, 23 Jan., G.D. 29/94.

^{page 212 note 3} Thornton to Granville, tel. 21 Jan., received 22 Jan., reporting that America would agree to the proposed mixed commission to examine Anglo-American differences provided Britain accepted liability for the Alabama claims and ceded San Juan, F.O. 5/1297.

^{page 212 note 4} To offer appointment as one of the British commissioners to examine Anglo-American differences.

^{page 213 note 1} Cabinet met, Saturday, 28 Jan., at 2.30, Add. MS. 44639, fo. 6.

^{page 213 note 2} See Granville to Russell, tel. 1.30 p.m., and No. 79, 28 Jan., instructing him and the two military attachés at Versailles to avoid the German entry into Paris after the armistice was signed (28 Jan.), F.O. 64/738. The entry did not take place until 1 March.

^{page 213 note 3} Cabinet agreed 1 Feb., Add. MS. 44639, fo. 8 ; to Russell, tel. 1 Feb., F.O. 64/739. See mem. by Sir H. Storks on ways and means, 2 Feb., G.D. 29/59.

^{page 214 note 1} On Turkey's compensation, still unsettled after the second sitting of the conference, 24 Jan. The third sitting was due, after postponement, on 3 Feb. For the article drafted on the eve of the second sitting, which Russia rejected, see private letters of 23 Jan., to Brunnow, G.D. 29/115, and to Bernstorff, G.D. 29/111, and Brunnow to Granville, confidential, 24 Jan., G.D. 29/98. For 4 articles drafted after the sitting of 24 Jan., see Brunnow to Granville, 26 Jan., G.D. 29/98. For 10 articles agreed to, 2 Feb., see projet de protocols, 2 Feb., G.D. 29/98, Granville to Brunnow, confidential, 2 Feb., G.D. 29/115.

^{page 214 note 2} 2 Feb., copy in G.D. 29/59, reporting Delane's refusal of his offer to review in The Times Gasparin's, A. E.Appel cm patriotisme et au bon sens (1871)Google Scholar, which recommended the neutralization of Alsace-Lorraine.

^{page 215 note 1} No. 37, 20 Jan., F.O. 64/738. Russell to Granville, No. 38, 3 Feb., describes Bismarck's reply that the peace terms were still the same as in Oct. 1870, F.O. 64/739 ; copy, Add. MS. 44429, fo. 165 ; Parl. papers. [C. 244] (1871). lxxi, 272.

^{page 215 note 2} See above, no. 383.

^{page 215 note 3} Cf. the Queen's speech on opening Parliament, 9 Feb., Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cciv. 1–9. It adopted Granville's suggestions 1, 2, 3, 5 (the word ‘ prompt ’ being omitted), 6, 7, 8 (to announce the joint commission to determine how to settle Anglo-American differences), 9, 9a (incorporating also a pencil suggestion by Gladstone) and 9b (dispelling anxiety caused by the Tientsin massacre).

^{page 217 note 1} Appointment to the joint Anglo-American commission, Halifax to Granville, 4 Feb., G.D. 29/64. Its membership (Lord de Grey, Sir John Macdonald, Sir Stafford Northcote, Montague Bernard, Thornton) and its instructions were approved by the cabinet, 6 Feb., Add. MS. 44639, fo. 10.

^{page 217 note 2} Tel. 4.25 p.m., 6 Feb., received 7 Feb., F.O. 78/2173.

^{page 217 note 3} See mem. by Cadorna, 6 Feb., secret, G.D. 29/96. The article on the Straits, adopted 13 March, broadly followed it. Cf. Gladstone's note on the cabinet, 11 Feb., Add. MS. 44639, fo. 11.

^{page 218 note 1} The Times, 6 Feb., p. 12, on Turkey's resolution to free herself from European tutelage.

^{page 218 note 2} Mem. of members of the Foreign Office and diplomatic service recommended for C.B. with mem. of policy in conferring the honour, 8 Feb., G.D. 29/59, not printed.

^{page 218 note 3} 9 Feb., replying to Disraeli's attack on the government's foreign policy in the debate on the Address, Hans. Parl. Deb., 3rd ser. cciv. 96–114.

^{page 218 note 4} In seconding the Address in the Lords, where Richmond was the only opposition speaker, Hans. Parl. Deb loc. cit. 22–50.

^{page 219 note 1} See G.D. 29/85, and Newton, Lord Lyons, i. 361–3. Granville wrote on the back of no. 467 : ‘ Prepare accordingly G.’, and Hervey : ‘ Done ’.

^{page 219 note 2} See above, no. 460 note.

^{page 219 note 3} In the debate on the Address, 9 Feb., Gladstone stated that ‘ no one Power in Europe ’ would have supported Britain in maintaining the neutralization of the Black Sea, which Otway had advocated to the point of war, Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 105.

^{page 219 note 4} Untraced. Granville answered German allegations that British rifles had been found on French prisoners, in a dispatch to Loftus, 11 Jan., sent to Russell with instructions to communicate it to Bismarck, and give it publicity, No. 97, 17 Feb., F.O. 64/739.

^{page 219 note 5} 1 Feb., follows no. 469 in G.D. 29/59.

^{page 220 note 1} See observations by Cairns on Gladstone's statement in the Commons of 9 Feb., Hans. Part. Deb. 3rd ser. cciv. 239 ff. He disputed Gladstone's assertion that Clarendon ‘ never attached value to the neutralization ’, and depreciated Gladstone's declaration of 1856 that neutralization could not be maintained.

^{page 220 note 2} For Granville's reply to Cairns and Salisbury see Hans. Parl. Deb. loc. cit. 245–8.

^{page 221 note 1} The problem was discussed for two hours in the cabinet, 18 Feb., and a letter to Brunnow framed, asking him to inquire whether Britain and Russia could examine a French appeal to the neutrals in common, Add. MS. 44639, fo. 16, G.D. 29/115, and Brunnow to Granville, 18 Feb., G.D. 29/98.

^{page 221 note 2} See short mem. by Granville of this conversation, G.D. 29/115.

^{page 222 note 1} Brunnow to Granville, confidentielle, 19 fevrier, G.D. 29/98.

^{page 222 note 2} At the time of the démarche of Oct. 1870, see above no. 341, and Buchanan to Granville, 17, 18, 23 Oct. 1870, F.O. 65/804.

^{page 223 note 1} For opinions of members of the cabinet on further action after Brunnow's letter of 19 Feb., see Add. MS. 44639, fo. 17. For record of the negotiation which was dropped, see Granville to Rumbold, No. 39 confidential, 22 Feb., F.O. 65/819.

^{page 223 note 2} Cf. Granville to Kimberley, 20 Feb., asking him to propose to Canada a money compensation for damage caused by the Fenian raid from America, and reply, 21 Feb., and mem. by Kimberley, 22 Feb., G.D. 29/55. Cf. Lowe to Granville, commenting unfavourably, 1 March, G.D. 29/66.

^{page 223 note 3} Whether the Daily Telegraph report of congratulations to the Crown Prince from the Queen, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge on the German victories was correct. Gladstone's reply, 24 Feb., regretted the raising of questions personal to the royal family and denied that British neutrality had been compromised, Hans. Part. Deb. 3rd ser. cciv. 866–8.

^{page 224 note 1} No. 64, 27 Feb., explaining his statement to Bismarck (reported in No. 5, 22 Nov. 1870, F.O. 64/737) that the Black Sea question was ‘ of a nature in its present state to compel us, with or without allies to go to war with Russia ’, F.O. 64/739 ; Parl. papers. [C. 265] (1871). lxxii, 117, laid 7 March. Cf. Russell to Gladstone, 27 Feb., Add. MS. 44429, fo. 279. Gladstone to Russell, 25 Feb., 4 and 29 March, Add. MS. 44539, fos. 164, 170, 185.

^{page 224 note 2} 16 Feb., whether Russell's statement was authorized, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. cciv. 318–19.

^{page 224 note 3} 30 Nov., missing from G.D. 29/92, extract in Add. MS. 44428, fo. 245 ; see above, no. 389.

^{page 225 note 1} In reply to de Grey, tel. 6 March, on Canadian wish to settle their fishery dispute with America for a term of years only. Granville advised a permanent arrangement but gave de Grey discretion, tel., F.O. 5/1300.

^{page 225 note 2} See Granville to de Grey, tel., 8 Mar., F.O. 5/1300.

^{page 225 note 3} Granville to Rumbold (Buchanan on leave), No. 39 confidential, 22 Feb., F.O. 65/819, not published. Granville to Loftus, 24 Feb., and Favre to Broglie enclosed in Granville to Lyons, 25 Feb., in Parl. papers. [C. 266] (1871). lxxi, 321–6; see above, no. 474.

^{page 225 note 4} Appointed first lord of the Admiralty vice Childers.

^{page 226 note 1} 3 March, for its fifth and penultimate session, having been adjourned from 7 Feb. France was for the first time represented. No. 484 is a minute of a verbal answer to Rothschild's question relating to a Russian loan.

^{page 226 note 2} See Granville to Elliot, Nos. 65 and 70, 13 March, both altered by Gladstone, reminding Turkey that she could not occupy the Principalities without the consent of the guaranteeing powers, F.O. 78/2171.

^{page 227 note 1} See above, no. 436.

^{page 227 note 2} Lady Waldegrave.

^{page 227 note 3} Met at 2 p.m., Friday, 17 March, Add. MS. 44639, fo. 39. The Commons adjourned at 3.15 a.m., 17 March, but resuming the same day, concluded the second reading of the Army Regulation Bill soon after midnight, C.J. (1871), 91, 93.

^{page 227 note 4} Hatherley to Gladstone, 17 March, suggesting that de Grey agree to the articles, as binding on the future but not on the past, Add. MS. 44205, fo. 175 ; see below, p. 228 note 1.

^{page 228 note 1} In the joint commission on Anglo-American differences, America insisted on laying down rules for the conduct of neutrals as a guide to the arbitrators on the Alabama claims. De Grey urged Granville to accept the version of 13 March as the best alternative to ‘ unrestricted arbitration ’. The cabinets of 16 and 17 March made counter-proposals. Agreement was reached except on the fourth article after much private negotiation, 24 March. Granville accepted 3 draft articles, 31 March. The 4th article was dropped and the 1st article modified in America's favour, 4 April. See telegraphic correspondence to de Grey, F.O. 5/1299, from de Grey, F.O. 5/1300 and 1301 and G.D. 29/63. Cf. two notes by Granville possibly written during the cabinet, 16 March, Add. MS. 44639, fos. 37, 38.

^{page 228 note 2} For wording of the fourth article.

^{page 228 note 3} No. 490 comments on Lord Denbigh to Gladstone (with enclosure).

^{page 228 note 4} Cf. Granville to Paget, No. 70, 26 March, asking, with reference to Bowyer's letter, whether Jervoise's reports from Rome had been communicated to the Italian government, F.O. 45/.178.

^{page 229 note 1} Note by Gladstone : ‘ I incline to think the C[rown] Prince & Princess would be well received Mch 28.71 ’, G.D. 29/59, not printed.

^{page 229 note 2} To Granville, private, Washington, 16 March, received 30 March, relating to the rules on the conduct of neutrals, G.D. 29/71.

^{page 229 note 3} Of material for an answer by Gladstone to Dilke. His motion deploring the British acceptance of a conference on the Black Sea question was debated, 30 March, as a vote of censure. The debate ended in anti-climax and Gladstone did not speak ; see Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. ccv. 894 ff. ; the Speaker to Granville, 31 March, G.D. 29/75 ; S. Gwynn and G. M, Tuckwell, The Life of the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles W. Dilke (1917), i. 121.

^{page 231 note 1} Gladstone to Northcote, 30 March, Add. MS. 44539, fo. 189 ; cf. Forster to Granville [30 March], G.D. 29/56.

^{page 231 note 2} Howard (Munich) to Granville, No. 91, 25 March, answering Gladstone's complaint of his statement to Count Bray that Britain would dislike a European conference on the Roman question, F.O. 9/208. See min. by Gladstone, 22 March, on Howard, No. 83, confidential, 17 March, ibid., and to Howard, tel. 4 p.m., 25 March, F.O. 9/207.

^{page 232 note 1} Cf. de Grey to Granville, No. 53, 28 March, on fisheries agreement reached by the joint commission that day, with mem., 27 March, of Macdonald's objections. The telegram, 28 March, giving the substance, has minutes by Gladstone, 3 April, and Kimberley, 4 April, F.O. 5/1301.

^{page 232 note 2} Relates to the riot, 22 March, provoked by a banquet at the German consulate in honour of the Emperor's birthday ; see Green to Granville, tels., 23 March received 24 March, 24 March received 25 March, No. 25, 23 March received 3 April, F.O. 78/2183.

^{page 232 note 3} Lord Odo Russell had resumed work in the Foreign Office.

^{page 232 note 4} 3 April, received 4 April, on America's readiness to drop the fourth article (fixing liability for depredations upon the neutral which failed to detain a vessel joining in hostilities) in return for a modification of the first article, F.O. 5/1301.

^{page 232 note 5} 4 April, proposing acceptance of the American offer and asking for Granville's assent, G.D. 29/104 and F.O. 5/1299. The draft of Granville's telegraphic assent is in G.D. 29/59.

^{page 233 note 1} Dated F.O. 4 April, enclosing a letter from Napoleon's agent in Brussels to Borthwick of the Morning Chronicle, G.D. 29/92.

^{page 234 note 1} The American negotiations caused the cabinet to meet at 12 and 2 on 17 April, and at 2 on 18 April, and parliamentary business was not taken until 19 April, Add. MS. 44639, fos. 48–56.

^{page 234 note 2} See below, no. 501.

^{page 234 note 3} Granville to Paget, No. 66 confidential, 17 April, was drafted from this account returned for the purpose. The dispatch puts the conversation to 17 April, F.O. 45/178.

^{page 235 note 1} Granville to Gladstone, tel. 3 p.m., 6 April, announcing Cadorna's visit to Walmer to enlist British support against a conference on the Roman question, G.D. 29/59 ; cf. Granville to Odo Russell, tel. 6 April, instructing him to telegraph this to Gladstone, ibid.

^{page 235 note 2} Resigned captaincy of the corps of gentlemen at arms and the charge of Board of Trade business in the Lords, on appointment as gov. of Queensland.

^{page 236 note 1} From the lord-lieutenancy of Staffordshire which he had held since 1863, Northbrook to Granville, 22 April, sending correspondence and mem. to explain, G.D. 29/74.

^{page 236 note 2} Cf. Loftus to Granville, Nos. 268 and 283 most confidential, 25 March, F.O. 64/719.

^{page 236 note 3} No. 28, 27 March, on the riot of 22 March which he said was arranged in order to justify a Turkish occupation of the Principalities, F.O. 78/2183 ; cf. above no. 499.

^{page 236 note 4} 6 April, repeated to Walmer, 9.30 a.m., 7 April, reporting the American proposal that the court of arbitration to judge the Alabama claims consist of 5 members, its decision to be final only ‘ in any case in which its British and American members agree ’, G.D. 29/63, F.O. 5/1303.

^{page 236 note 5} Granville's draft dated 8 April, but corrected to 9 April, and marked ‘ at night for tomorrow morning ’, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 236 note 6} See above, no. 502.

^{page 237 note 1} 9 April, announcing the wording, proposed by the British commissioners, for the expression of regret in the preamble of the Anglo-American treaty, G.D. 29/63, F.O. 5/1303. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 9 April, asked for Gladstone's consent, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 237 note 2} See Granville to the commission, tel. 10 April, (i) accepting the American proposal on the court of arbitration but allowing the British and American members jointly to withdraw any point from its cognizance ; (ii) approving the wording of the British regret but so that it was expressed ‘ for the escape under whatever circumstances of the Alabama and other vessels ’, F.O. 5/1299. Cf. Gladstone to Granville, tels. 9.15 a.m., on (i), 10.50 a.m. querying ‘ other vessels ’ and Granville to Gladstone 11 a.m., and reply 12.45, o n (ii). aU of IO April, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 237 note 3} See above, no. 499.

^{page 237 note 4} (i) forwarding an American proposal for a provision in the projected treaty directing the court of arbitration, if it decided against Britain, to fix a gross sum to cover all claims ; (ii) forwarding a draft of the preamble, including the British regret, G.D. 29/63, F.O. 5/1302.

^{page 238 note 1} Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 7.30 p.m., 11 April, asking for assent to the proposal in (i) (see p. 237 note 4), and reply 8.30 a.m., 12 April, commenting as in no. 506, and Granville to Gladstone, 1 p.m., 12 April, agreeing to the objection to the preamble, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 238 note 2} Two private letters, 27 March, G.D. 29/63. Cf. No. 3, 28 March, on Macdonald's objections to the proposed fisheries arrangement, F.O. 5/1301.

^{page 239 note 1} Northcote to Granville, private, 26 March, received 10 April, G.D. 29/74, and reply, 22 April, G.D. 29/77.

^{page 239 note 2} See Granville to Gladstone, 1 p.m. and reply 8.30 p.m., 12 April, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 239 note 3} 12 April, to offer captaincy of the corps of gentlemen at arms, with charge of the Board of Trade business in the Lords, vice Normanby, Add. MS. 44540, fo. 2. Cowper accepted.

^{page 240 note 1} 17 April.

^{page 240 note 2} See Hatherley to Granville, Osborne, 12 April, G.D. 29/65.

^{page 240 note 3} Cf. mem. by Meade on the careful avoidance of the word ‘ rebellion ’ during the Civil War, 18 April, G.D. 29/74.

^{page 240 note 4} Malet, in charge at Paris while the British embassy was at Versailles, telegraphed for permission to mediate between the Paris commune and the French government, 11 April, G.D. 29/88. Cf. Granville to Gladstone, tel. 7.40 p.m., 12 April, and reply, 8.3 a.m., 13 April. He was authorized through Lyons ‘ to proceed cautiously if requested ’, 12.20 p.m., 13 April, F.O. 27/1851. For reprimands from the Queen, see three tels. 12 and 14 April, and reply 1.30 p.m., 14 April, G.D. 29/33, Letters, 2nd ser. ii. 127. Granville to Lyons, 7 p.m., 14 April, suspended Malet's authorization, F.O. 27/1851.

^{page 240 note 5} Contained Granville's draft of the preamble, see above, no. 508. Gladstone to Granville, tel. 9.10 a.m., 15 April, approved, G.D. 29/59. Cf. Granville to de Grey, tel. 2 p.m., 15 April, F.O. 5/1299–

^{page 240 note 6} To Granville, 12 April, on the preamble, G.D. 29/64. The phrase was modified in the telegram to de Grey.

^{page 241 note 1} Hatherley's objection and a suggestion how to meet it were passed on to de Grey in a second telegram, 15 April, F.O. 5/1299.

^{page 241 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, tel. 12.30, and Granville to Gladstone, tel., 14 April, G.D. 29/59. They agreed to the way of settling the fisheries question proposed by de Grey, tel., 12 April, F.O. 5/1302.

^{page 241 note 3} To the Paris commune through Malet.

^{page 241 note 4} Relates to the appeal for Britain's good offices to reduce the indemnity, which Granville answered two days before the peace preliminaries were signed on 26 Feb., No. 74 to Loftus, copy to Broglie, Bernstorff and Odo Russell, 24 Feb., F.O. 64/714. Cf. Granville to Lyons, private, 15 March, instructing him to investigate, F.O. 362/4, and reply 10 April, G.D. 29/85.

^{page 241 note 5} Moved in the Commons, 31 March, for British intervention to mitigate the peace terms for France, Hans. Parl. Deb. 3rd ser. ccv. 989–1000 ; Gladstone's reply, ibid., 1002/13. No. 521 below quotes the offensive part in its variant wordings. Hansard reports the second variant. For Beust's complaints of Gladstone's reply, Bloomfield to Granville, private, 13 April, F.O. 362/3. Cf. Gladstone to Granville, tel. 14 April, G.D. 29/59.

^{page 242 note 1} Private, 8 April, on publication in the Gazette de Vienne of material on the Black Sea negotiations, G.D. 29/82.

^{page 242 note 2} Cf. Granville to de Grey, private, tel. 5.10 p.m., 18 April : ‘ Press strongly for free admission of Canadian fish. If you succeed in this we can back you ’, F.O. 5/1299

^{page 242 note 3} Private and personal, 15 April, asking for backing against Macdonald, G.D. 29/63.

^{page 243 note 1} Granville used Gladstone's argument in replying to Musurus, who had communicated a dispatch from Constantinople about the Principalities ; see Granville to Elliot, No. 95, 1 May, F.O. 78/2171. Cf. Gladstone to Elliot, 9 May, Add. MS. 44540, fos. 26–7.

^{page 243 note 2} Archbishop Darboy of Paris, held as a hostage by the communists. Granville to Lyons, tel. 3 p.m., 20 April, used the words in no. 516, but added ‘ and fear rather that any action on your part might be prejudicial to him ’, as suggested by Gladstone on the back, F.O. 27/1851.

^{page 243 note 3} 7 and 8 April, recording Buchanan's remark, to the Tsar and Gorchakov, that the good understanding between Russia and England had not been impaired by the Black Sea question, F.O. 65/821.

^{page 243 note 4} Two minutes by Gladstone, 20, 21 April, on de Grey's tels., G.D. 29/59, not printed.

^{page 243 note 5} Granville to de Grey, tel. 3.25 p.m., 21 April, instructed the commission to number its telegrams, F.O. 5/1299.

^{page 243 note 6} Three tels., F.O. 5/1303 : (i) on American agreement to arbitration on the San Juan water boundary with the Emperor of Russia, Germany or Brazil as arbitrator and the question confined to a choice between the Haro and Rosario channels ; (ii) asking for permission to accept the fisheries agreement; (iii) asking for approval of the preamble's avoiding ‘ the late rebellion ’ to describe the source of Anglo-American differences. Granville replied in tel. No. i, agreeing to the San Juan proposal but excluding the Emperor of Russia and agreeing to (iii) and tel. No. 2, replying on the fisheries as Gladstone proposed, both 21 April, F.O. 5/1299.

^{page 244 note 1} To de Grey, tel. 27 April, saying he opposed the word ‘ rebellion, but we should not break off upon it ’ ; to de Grey tel. 28 April, on the cabinet's not being committed, F.O. 5/1299.

^{page 244 note 2} De Grey to Granville, 5 p.m. 28, received 4 a.m. 29 April, announced agreement on the preamble, excluding ‘ rebellion ’, and 5.5 p.m. 28, received 3.40 a.m. 29 April, announced agreement, with Canadian consent, on the fisheries, F.O. 5/1303.

^{page 244 note 3} Granville sent a copy of no. 521 privately to Aponyi, F.O. 362/2. Cf. above, no. 512, and Granville to Bloomfield, private, 3 May, F.O. 362/2, and from Bloomfield, private, 11, 25 May, F.O. 362/3.

^{page 245 note 1} 30 April, on the danger of further pressure for the inclusion of the Fenian claims in the Anglo-American settlement, F.O. 5/1303.

^{page 245 note 2} Cf. Northcote to Granville, private, 14 April, G.D. 29/74.

^{page 245 note 3} De Grey to Granville, private, 18 April, G.D. 29/63.

^{page 246 note 1} 2 May, proposed that the commission stay in Washington until the Treaty, signed on 3 May, had been ratified by Congress, F.O. 5/1304. No. 24, 3 May, authorized this provided negotiations were not re-opened, F.O. 5/1299.

^{page 246 note 2} Gladstone to Granville, asking whether he should invite Prince Arthur to dine on the eve of the Queen's birthday and Granville's note of approval, Add. MS. 44168, fo. 96, not printed.

^{page 246 note 3} De Grey to Granville, private, asking for instructions if the American senate proposed amendments to the Treaty, G.D. 29/63. Granville, tel. private, 11 May, replied that the commission was not authorized to discuss amendments.

^{page 246 note 4} From Lyons, private, 16 May, on his powerlessness to save Archbishop Darboy's life, F.O. 362/4, Newton, Lord Lyons, i. 385. Cf. Manning to Gladstone, 19 May, Add. MS. 44249, fo. 258. No. 526 was returned by Gladstone marked : ‘ My only criticism on the letter is that I would not give the difficulty of commun[icatio]n with the Commune as more than a difficulty : for if we saw our way to doing good we should I think get over it.’

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The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1868–71

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The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1868–71

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