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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2010
page 1 note a Henry Mordaunt, the second Earl, a great friend of the new Bishop, who, on one occasion, calls him his patron. They were in very frequent communication. He was at this time, like the Bishop, advanced in life, having distinguished himself in the Civil Wars more than forty years before. He was a professed Roman Catholic, and in great esteem with King James, who made him Groom of the Stole on his accession.
page 1 note b Dr. Dennis Granvile, who refusing in 1690 to take the oaths to the new Government, was deprived of his deanery.
page 1 note c Of Newby, near Ripon, where Cartwright had been Dean. He was created a Baronet on the Restoration, and served in three parliaments for York.
page 1 note d Dr. Thomas Barlow and Dr. James Wood.
page 1 note e Charles Paulet, the sixth Marquess, living at this period at his castle of Bolton, taking no part in public affairs ; but when the Prince of Orange had landed, exerting himself to give success to his designs; for which he was rewarded by the Dukedom of Bolton.
page 1 note f Henry Watkinson, LL.D., Chancellor of the Church of York.
page 2 note a Rector of Cogenhoe in Northamptonshire from 1656 to the time of bis decease in April 1701. The Bishop speaks of him afterwards as a relation.
page 2 note b Dr. Tobias Wickham, who was succeeded by the learned Gale.
page 2 note c Dr. James Ardern, or Arden. His name will frequently occur as “Mr. Dean.” According to Wood (Ath. Ox. Bliss' edit. Fasti an. 1673), his views were nearly coincident with those of Cartwright, and it was understood that be would succeed Cartwright in the Bishoprick of Chester, in the event of Cartwright's elevation to any other dignity. Yet it appears that on October 6, 1687, the Bishop suspended him from his office. In his will, which is printed by Ormerod (Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 40), he declares that he dies “in the communion of the Catholic Church, and more immediately of that part of it in England.”
page 2 note d Probably Sir Geoffery Shakerley, who died in 1696, aged 78, and was Governor of Chester at the time of his death.
page 2 note e Probably Thomas Wainwright, LL.D. Chancellor of the Church of Chester, 1682.
page 2 note f Sancroft was then the Archbishop ; Sir Thomas Exton was his Vicar-General; Dr. Raines, a civilian, Judge of the Prerogative Court, afterwards Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, and knighted.
page 2 note g Neither the Archbishop nor the Chancellor (Jeffries) approved of the elevation of Cartwright to the episcopal dignity, and they had endeavoured to place the Chancellor's brother in the seat in which Cartwright was placed by the King. (Mackintosh, p. 71.) There was no good understanding between Jeffries and Cartwright; and on one occasion, two years after the time of which we are speaking, Cartwright received a rebuke from the King for saying in his cups that Jeffries and Sunderland would deceive him. (Ib. p. 143.)
page 3 note a From a short progress which they had made in the West.
page 3 note b Dr. Samuel Parker and Dr. John Lloyd. The latter held the Bishoprick of St. David's only a few months.
page 3 note c Dr. Nathaniel Crew, who in 1691 succeeded to the inheritance of the family barony. He was Clerk of the Closet, and a principal member of the ecclesiastical commission which King James had appointed. His views were not very strongly opposed to those of the Bishop of Chester, though personally there existed no very cordial esteem between them, at least not on the part of the Bishop of Durham. We shall see that the two Bishops were often together.
page 3 note d Dr. Francis Turner. He was, like Sancroft, a Non-juror after the Revolution, and deprived.
page 3 note e This was done in his new character of Bishop of Chester ; the persons intended by “the King's preachers” being the itinerating preachers of Lancashire, a part of his diocese, successors to a body of four ministers established in the reign of Elizabeth. Mr. Taylor, who accompanied the Bishop, was one of the preachers: Dr. Zachary Taylor, author of the tract in which a rational account is given of the disease and cure of Dugdale, the supposed dæmoniac of Surey in Lancashire.
page 4 note a Sir John More had been.Lord Mayor the year but one before.
page 4 note b Dr. Richard Hooke, the Vicar of Halifax, who, during the reign of Charles the Second, had been a very active opposer of the non-conformity which prevailed to a great extent in his large parish.
page 4 note c The Vicar of Leeds of that name ; one of those men of high conscientiousness who resigned their preferment rather than comply with the requisition to take the oaths to King William.
page 4 note d It is remarkable that of the three Bishops confirmed this day, there are two of them upon whom posterity has not looked without some reserve in its respect, Cartwright of Chester and Parker of Oxford : but the higher and purer minds probably saw through the King's intentions, and were content to remain for the present in more private stations. Of the venerable men who retired from their stations in the church on the new settlement at the Revolution, not one of the Bishops, nor I think any of the other dignitaries, and but few of the ordinary clergy, had owed their preferment to King James.
page 4 note e Knight of the shire for Cumberland.
page 4 note f The famous political writer of that name.
page 4 note g A younger son of Sir William Wiseman, of Canfield-hall in Essex, by a sister of the Lord Capel who was put to death in the time of the Commonwealth.
page 5 note a Originally Sir Richard Graham, Bart, of Netherby, in Cumberland ; created Baron Graham of Esk and Viscount Preston, Scotish honours, in 1681. He adhered to the fortunes of the house of Stuart, and was forfeited in 1690.
page 6 note a Dr. William Lloyd, another of the non-juring Bishops, and deprived.
page 6 note b Dr. Thomas Sprat. He acted in King James's commission, yet complied at the Revolution.
page 6 note c Burnet gives rather a different version of this story:—” Some of the Bishops brought to the Archbishop articles against Cartwright and Parker, and he promised Bishop Lloyd not to consecrate them till he had examined the truth of those articles ; yet when he saw what danger he might incur if he were sued in a præmunire, he consented to consecrate them. An accident happened in the action that struck him much. When he was going to give the chalice in the sacrament, he stumbled on one of the steps of the altar, and dashed out all the consecrated wine that was in it; which was much taken notice of, and gave himself the more trouble, since he was frightened to such a consecration by so mean a fear.”—Own Times, 8vo. 1823, vol. iii. p. 138.
page 6 note d Of Henbury in Cheshire, the second Baronet.
page 7 note a George Savile, Marquis of Halifax. This was after he had been removed by King James from his post of President of the Council, in which he was succeeded by Lord Sunderland. He was a great promoter of the Revolution.
page 7 note b A Roman Catholic Bishop, the only one then in England. He was auditor to Cardinal Howard, and invested with the episcopal character in this very year, when he immediately came to England, and on his arrival had lodgings assigned him at Whitehall, with a yearly pension of £1000 out of the privy purse.—Lingard, vol. xiv. p. 103. Cartwright, it will be seen, was in very frequent communication with him.
page 7 note c This name will occur several times as we proceed. The person spoken of is Philip Ellis, who was son to a Protestant clergyman, and decoyed away, as it is said, from Westminster school by certain Jesuits, who brought him up a priest in the college of Saint Omer. He was in great favour at the Court of James the Second, and on Sunday, May 6, 1688, was consecrated a Bishop of the English Roman Catholic Church. On the change of affairs he left England, and was made Bishop of Segni in the Ecclesiastical States. His brother, who was the Protestant Bishop of Meath, was ancestor of the Clifden family.—See Account of the family of Ellis by the late Lord Dover prefixed to “The Ellis Correspondence,” vol. i. p. xvii.
page 7 note d There was no Earl of Dover at this period. The nobleman meant is doubtless Henry Jermyn, who was created Baron Jermyn of Dover at the beginning of the reign, and who was at this time a Lord of the Treasury, and at the same time Colonel of a troop of Guards.
page 7 note e Richard Viscount Colchester, son and heir-apparent of Thomas Earl Rivers. He was an officer in Lord Dover's troop, and went over to the Prince of Orange from Salisbury.
page 7 note f For Bedingfield : Sir Henry Bedingfield, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. The peculiar orthography of the name in the text being uniform in the Diary, may serve to show how this surname was pronounced in those days.
page 8 note a Probably Richard Hollingsworth, D.D. Vicar of West Ham, in Essex, and Rector of St. Botolph, Aldgate, and author of many sermons and religious tracts.
page 8 note b The statesman and mechanician of the name.
page 8 note c Dr. Christopher Wyvil.
page 8 note d Henry Dove, D.D. Archdeacon of Richmond, 1678, who was minister of St. Bride's, and one of the Chaplains to Charles the Second and James the Second.
page 8 note e Perhaps Saint Amand, written in haste and contractedly.
page 8 note f Sir Nathaniel Johnson, made Captain-General of the Leeward Islands in August, 1686.—Pointer, p. 336.
page 9 note a The Roman Catholic Judge, who afterwards took so decided a part against the Seven Bishops.
page 9 note b Whither he was going as Lord Lieutenant to succeed the Earl of Clarendon. We shall find that he visited the Bishop according to his promise.
page 9 note c There are other passages like this, from which we may conclude that the Bishop was perpetually being flattered with hopes of higher preferment by the persons about the court, and by the King himself, with whom, however, he rose and fell.
page 9 note d That it was the practice of those times for persons of rank to travel in the public stages is shewn by Mr. Markland in his curious paper on modes of travelling in England.— Archæologia, vol. xx. p. 443. The intermediate mode between travelling in the public stages and in private carriages with a gentleman's own horses, or what is called travelling post, or in chaises with horses furnished by the innkeepers on the road, does not seem to have been practised at this period in England, except in the case of expresses or hired messengers.
page 10 note a Probably Christopher Stone, A.M. then Chancellor of the Church of York.
page 10 note b Sir Edmund and Sir Jonathan Jennings were two brothers living at this time at Ripon. It was Sir Jonathan Jennings who, in the preceding reign, slew Mr. Aislabie, ancestor of the Studley family of that name, in a duel at York.
page 10 note c Sir Marmaduke Wyvil of Constable Burton, the fifth Baronet, served in two parliaments for Richmond. His relations here mentioned were John, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and Vicar of Orset in Essex, son of Sir William the fourth Baronet; Christopher, Dean of Ripon for twenty-four years ; and John, Receiver-General of the landtax, who died in 1722, son of Sir Christopher Wyvil, the third Baronet.
page 10 note d Sir Edward Blacket of Newby, 2d Baronet, served in several parliaments for Ripon or Northumberland.
page 11 note a Sir Richard Graham of Norton Conyers, a few miles distant from Ripon.
page 11 note b Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Slingsby, of Kippax Park in Yorkshire, a younger brother of Sir Henry Slingsby of Scriven, the second wife and widow of John Villiers the first Viscount Purbeck, who was probably living at this time with her relations in Yorkshire.
page 11 note c The Marquess of Winchester.
page 11 note d This sitting at table for twelve hours is to a certain extent a confirmation of the account which Granger gives from some contemporary memoirs, of the singular style in which this nobleman lived at his Castle of Bolton during the reign of James the Second: “He went to dinner at six or seven in the evening, and his meal lasted till six or seven the next morning, during which time he eat, drank, smoaked, talked, or listened to music. The company that dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse themselves, or take a nap, whenever they were so disposed ; but the dishes and bottles were all the while standing upon the table.” A contemporary, Abraham de la Pryme, in his MS. Ephemeris, says that he “pretended to be distracted, and would make all his men rise up at midnight, and would go a hunting with torch-light.” This mode of living is said to have been affected by him in order that he might be thought unfit for public affairs at a time when things were going in a manner of which he did not approve. The Marquess put off his folly and appeared in his true character of a man of sense and spirit when there was a prospect of saving the country from the effects of James's policy, as has been observed in a former note.
page 12 note a Of Brough, the second Baronet.
page 12 note b Of the rise of this remarkable person, afterwards Sir John Duck, there is a curious account in Sir Cuthbert Sharp's “List of the Knights and Burgesses that hare represented the County and City of Durham in Parliament,” 4to. 1831, p. 37.
page 13 note a Sir John Ingleby of Ripley, the third Baronet, who went abroad with James the Second.
page 13 note b The Vicar before mentioned.
page 14 note a What is to be understood by “presented,” will appear in the notice of what passed on the second of December, when the Bishop arrived at Chester.
page 14 note b The fourth Baronet.
page 15 note a Gabriel Blakiston continued in firm possession of the living of Danby Wisk till his death in 1701, so that Lord Baltimore either abandoned his claim or was not able to enforce it.
page 17 note a Roger Whitley, who had been a Colonel in the army of Charles the First, was seated at Peel Hall in Cheshire, where he entertained William the Third subsequently in his progress towards Ireland.
page 17 note b John Allen, Archdeacon of Chester, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, author of several printed Sermons.
page 18 note a Beaumont Percival, rector of Hawarden in Flintshire, from 1685 to 1714.
page 18 note b Sir Philip Egerton, of Oulton.
page 18 note c Possibly for Poole.
page 18 note d Laurence Fogg, who was ejected from the living of Hawarden for nonconformity in 1662 ; but afterwards conformed, and in 1672 was made vicar of St. Oswald's, Chester. He succeeded Arderne as dean in 1691, and died at a very advanced age in 1718.
page 19 note a Dr. Thomas Otway, Bishop of Ossory.
page 21 note a The third baronet of his family, then serving in parliament for Flint. He was a major-general, and afterwards distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne.
page 21 note b Of Utkington in Cheshire. He became a staunch supporter of the Revolution.
page 22 note a Diana, daughter of Sir Edward Bishop, Baronet, of Parham, in Sussex, widow of Sir George Warburton, of Areley ; buried at Chester 1693.
page 23 note a Sir James Poole was the head of the Roman Catholic family of Poole, of Poole, in the hundred of Wirral. Sir Rowland Stanley was another Cheshire baronet, seated in the same parish of Eastham, at Hooton, and also a Roman Catholic.
page 23 note b There seems to have been a reason for this which will appear afterwards. The Mr. Massey, at whose house the bishop dined, must have been the neighbour of the Pooles and the Stanleys, Massey of Podington, the head of another of the great Roman Catholic families of the hundred of Wirral, probably William Massey, who appears in one of Mr. Ormerod's pedigrees (Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 309), father of the last of the name at Podington, who was engaged in the Rebellion of 1715, and dying soon after left his estate to the Stanleys of Hooton.
page 23 note c Who seem to be two Roman Catholic Priests.
page 23 note d Richard Levinge was at that time recorder of Chester.
page 23 note e Sir Thomas Grosvenor was the third baronet, served the office of mayor of Chester in 1685, and was at this time member for the city. He was thought to be favourable to the designs of the King, and held a commission for the command of a troop in the Earl of Shrewsbury's regiment of horse, and was promised by the King, in a private audience, the regiment and a peerage if he would support in the House the Bill for the repeal of the Penal Laws against the Papists, and the Test Act. But he refused, “preferring,” as says the Peerage from whence these facts are derived, “the religion and liberty of his country to all honour and power, so likely at that time to be attended with popery and slavery.” His lady, it appears, had different views. She was the sole daughter and heir of Alexander Davies, of Ebury, esquire, and brought the large property in the city of Westminster to the Grosvenor family, which is now possessed by them. Davies-street has its name from this family. They married in 1676. Sir Thomas died at the age of forty-three in June 1700. Of the history of his lady, after his decease, there are some romantic particulars, if they can be relied upon, in that singular farrago the Collectanea of Colonel Colepeper, now in the Harleian department of the Museum Manuscripts, particularly in vol. ii. and vol. vii. She went abroad,
page 24 note a Massey.
page 26 note a A medicine so called. Mr. Allford died before the close of the month.
page 29 note a Lord Delamere, whose name occurs in other places of the Diary, was Henry the second Lord, who was subjected to much political persecution in the reign of James the Second, and having been forward in promoting the Revolution was created Earl of Warrington in 1690. Of his uncle, Nathaniel Booth, who was seated at Mottram St. Andrew, little is known. When the heirs in the line of the peerage were exhausted, the title of baronet, which had been conferred on this family at the first institution of the order, revived in the descendants of this Nathaniel, but in a short time expired.
page 30 note a So the word is written. It should be prebend.
page 30 note b This clergyman was probably Peter Morrey, the Dean's curate, to whom he left his best gown, cassock, hat, silk stockings, and other articles of apparel. Ormerod, vol. ii. p. 40.
page 30 note c Marmaduke, the second baron, Governor of Hull.
page 31 note a Dr. Richard Wroe, a prebendary of Chester, and at this time Warden of Manchester, a very excellent and popular preacher. He was a favourer of the Revolution. In the wardenship he had succeeded Dr. Nicholas Stratford, who had resigned it, and who subsequently succeeded Cartwright in the bishoprick of Chester.
page 32 note a They were returning from Ireland where the Earl of Clarendon had just surrendered the vice-royalty to the Earl of Tyrconnel. Lady Frances Hyde, a daughter of the first Earl of Clarendon, married Thomas Kightley, Esq. of Hertingfordbury in Herts, who filled some office in Ireland under his brother in law the lord-lieutenant. For Dr. Haselwood, the chaplain to the earl, see Wood's Fasti.
page 31 note b This was the vigil of the feast of St. Valentine. Pepys often speaks of his Valentine.
page 35 note a Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated traveller aud author of “The History of the Turks.” He had been knighted by James the Second, and was Secretary for Leinster and Connaught during Lord Clarendon's Lieutenancy.
page 35 note b William, the ninth Earl of the Stanleys. He was removed by James the Second from the Lord Lieutenancy of Lancashire.
page 36 note a It cannot but strike the reader who is acquainted with the proceedings concerning Magdalene College, Oxford, how strongly this address to Mr. Peake resembles the rebuke which the bishop thought it his duty to give to the refractory fellows of that college. The King also himself spoke of “Humility,” to persons whose just rights he was secretly undermining, or openly invading.
page 36 note b He was the Lord Chancellor of Ireland in the year 1686, and appears to have been now on his return to England. His successor, Sir Alexander Fitton, was appointed on February 12 in this year. (See Beatson, vol. ii. p. 211.) He was made a peer by James the Second after his abdication.
page 36 note c The third baronet of his family. He afterwards served with credit in Ireland in the command of a regiment under William the Third.
page 37 note a This Mr. Booth, with whom the Bishop dines, is not to be confounded with the Nathaniel Booth before mentioned, the uncle of the first Earl of Warrington. The Mr. Booth intended is George Booth, eldest son of Sir John Booth, a younger son of Sir George the first baronet. This George Booth was a lawyer and prothonotary of the county palatine of Chester. He is the author ef a Treatise on Real Actions, and also of a Translation of Diodorus Siculus. He died in 1719 at the age of 84, and was buried in St. Oswald's church, Chester.
page 38 note a Thus in the MS. but probably intended for Sir John Jacob mentioned before.
page 39 note a The first Viscount Montjoy of Ireland. He was a great promoter of the Protestant interest in that country.
page 41 note a Sir Michael Biddulph the second Baronet. His name has occurred before. His wife was one of the daughters of Colonel Whitley, so ofteu mentioned.
page 41 note b John Conant, Vicar of All Saints, Northampton, Prebendary of Worcester, and Archdeacon of Norwich. He had been Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, and Vice-Chancellor of that University. Died in 1698, aged 86.
page 42 note a The custom of taking the sacrament kneeling was not generally insisted upon in towns where, like Northampton, there was a strong infusion of Puritan feeling. This was a part of the ritual of the Church of England to which the Puritans had a strong aversion.
page 42 note b Of Weston-Favel, younger brother of George Holnian of Warkworth, in the same county.
page 42 note c Henry O'Brien the seventh Earl; of the Privy Council to Charles the Second and James the Second. He died at his seat of Billing in 1691.
page 42 note d Thus in the MS.: probably Daintree is intended.
page 43 note a See the preceding note respecting the behaviour of Sir Thomas Grosvenor.
page 43 note b Lady Mary Mordaunt, the only child of the Earl of Peterborough, was married in 1677 to Henry the seventh Duke of Norfolk of the Howards. A little before this time he separated himself from her, not, as appears, without cause ; but it was not till 1700 that he obtained an Act of Parliament for dissolving the marriage and enabling him to marry again. The Duke died in the following year, and the Duchess then married Sir John Germaine. Bernard Howard, who was at this conference, was the eighth son of Henry Frederick Earl of Arundel. His posterity have succeeded to the honours of the family by the extinction of all the elder male lines, and now enjoy them.
page 44 note a The first appearance of this name. Father Petre was a priest who had great influence with the King, and was admitted by him into the Privy Council in 1688. The Bishop, it will be seen, was in frequent communication with him.
page 44 note b Of Rackheath in Norfolk, the second Baronet; author of Fodinæ Reyales and other works.
page 44 note c Henry Alexander, the fourth Earl.
page 44 note d Dr. Stillingfleet was at this time Dean of St. Paul's, and was afterwards Bishop of Worcester.
page 44 note e Tillotson was at this time Dean of Canterbury. He appears to have had a distinct apprehension of the danger in which the Reformed Church of England was then placed.
page 44 note f Burnet was at that time abroad. It is not evident which of the pamphlets attributed to him is the one intended.
page 45 note a Theophilus Hastings, the seventh Earl of Huntingdon of that family. He was divested, on the change of the times, of all the offices which had been conferred upon him by King James, and was excluded from the benefit of the Act of Indemnity of 1690.
page 45 note b Soon afterwards made one of the Judges of the King's Bench.
page 45 note c So in the original; but probably Lord Ancram is the person intended.
page 45 note d Archbishop Dolben died on the 11th. The see was kept vacant for more than two years, a perpetual temptation to men of the spirit of Bishop Cartwright. The filling it by Lamplugh, Bishop of Exeter, was one of the last acts of regal authority performed by King James.
page 46 note a Fanshaw: Jenkins and Parslow were seats of this family.
page 46 note b Thus in the MS.: but no Serjeant of this name is known.
page 46 note c The Earl of Sunderland.
page 47 note a Sir Henry Firebrace, who had been much in the confidence of King Charles the First, and who, in the reigns of Charles the Second and James the Second, had an office in the household. His name frequently occurs in this Diary.
page 47 note b Sic.
page 47 note c The Declaration for Liberty of Conscience, published on the 4th of April. The matter which follows is peculiarly interesting, as presenting us with the secret history of the Bishops' address delivered on that occasion, so critical in the then state of parties. Not the least curious part of the information is that when the Bishop of Chester had penned a memorial of thanks to the King, he went immediately to Bishop Labourne, and on the next day to Father Petre, to report what had passed.
page 48 note a Compton, one of the steadiest of the opponents of the measures of King James.
page 48 note b Dr. Thomas White. He was afterwards one of the seven Bishops who presented themselves before the King with a petition that their clergy might he excused from reading the Declaration, when they boldly referred the King to the fact that the dispensing power had often been declared to be illegal in Parliament. Yet he as well as others of the seven Bishops, though they had stood prominently forward in this act as opponents of the measures of King James, could not approve of the removing him from the throne, and retired into private life rather than offend their consciences by taking the oaths to King William ; a great and memorable instance of mighty sacrifice being made at the call of conscience. Of the other Bishops who were present on this occasion, Crew and Sprat, though they signed the address, and were at least not active in their opposition to the measures of the Court in matters of religion, took the oaths tp King William on the change of the times. Cartwright and Parker did not live long enough to be put to the trial.
page 48 note c The King issued his mandate to the Vice-chancellor of Cambridge, Dr. Pechell, to admit to the degree of Master of Arts, Allan Francis, a Benedictine monk. Compliance was refused ; whereupon Francis summoned the Vice-chancellor to appear before the Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Affairs; and in the end he was deprived of his Vice-chancellorship and of the Mastership of Magdalene College.
page 49 note b This is the uniform orthography of the name of Pepys as written by the Bishop, and no doubt represents the manner in which the word was pronounced. It will of course suggest at once the remarkable person whose Diary has afforded so much entertainment, as well as so much insight into the state of society, the manners and politics, of the reign of Charles the Second.
page 49 note a William Herbert Earl of Powis, advanced to the Marquisate on the coronation of James the Second, whose fortunes he afterwards followed, and died abroad in 1696.
page 50 note a Dr. Peter Mews, promoted by King James ; but not concurring in his designs.
page 50 note b This was the day of his call. Pointer, p. 342.
page 51 note a Of thanks for the Declaration. These addresses were general throughout the various denominations of Non-Conformists, to whom, with whatever intention issued, it practically gave relief from some very severe enactments of the preceding reign.
page 51 note b This was considered a great point gained, as appears by what follows. The Bishop of Lincoln at that time was Dr. Thomas Barlow, who, though favouring too much the measures of King James, found no difficulty, or at least made none, in taking the oaths to King William. How much more dignified is the conduct of Sancroft and the pious and venerable men who thought and acted with him.
page 51 note c Afterwards put to death for a plot against the life of King William.
page 52 note a The celebrated Quaker, who was much about the King at this time, attended him in his progress in this summer, and when at Chester “held forth ”in the open air, as the Bishop relates.
page 52 note b Thomas Bruce second Earl of Aylesbury, a Catholic peer, who retired to the Continent on the Revolution, and died at Brussels in 1741.
page 53 note a The Gloster was lost May 6, 1682, on her return from Scotland, when James, then Duke of York, was saved with difficulty. Sir Charles Scarborough, the court physician, was also on board, and had a very narrow escape. See for this Pepys's Correspondence.
page 55 note a Probably Dr. William Beveridge, Archdeacon of Colchester, who in 1704 was made Bishop of St. Asaph.
page 55 note b William Sill, A.M. Archdeacon of Colchester.
page 55 note c George Berkeley, the second son of George the first Earl of Berkeley, was made a Prebendary of Westminster in 1687.
page 55 note d The Archbishop of Armagh at this time was Dr. Michael Boyle.
page 55 note e Dr. Nathaniel Johnston, formerly a physician at Pontefract, but now retired from practice and living in London. He lent his antiquarian knowledge to the assistance of King James in the policy he was now pursuing, particularly in his work written to quiet the minds of those who might be apprehensive of the security of their title to abbey-lands acquired by their ancestors, and in his larger work in assertion of the King's visitatorial power over the Universities and Colleges.
page 56 note a William Graham, afterwards Dean of Wells.
page 57 note a Sydney the first Lord Godolphin, then a Commissioner of the Treasury.
page 57 note b Thomas Lord Windsor, who had been created Earl of Plymouth in 1682.
page 58 note a The Letter which the Bishop addressed to the Mayor of Wigan has found its way into the British Museum, and is now art. 37 of the Additional MS. 4164. It was pointed out to me by Mr. J. G. Nichols. A copy is subjoined as it shews the terms in which the Bishop's communications with the country were conceived.
“Mr. Mayor, May 31, 1687, London.
“I finding that the King expects Addresses from the several Corporations in the Kingdom as well as from the Clergy, and that he graciously accepts them, thought myself obliged to give you notice of it ; and have accordingly sent you a form, which you may either subscribe or alter more to your own minds ; not doubting but that you and the rest of your brethren, who have formerly been so eminent for your loyalty, will readily embrace this occasion of expressing your duty to God and the King, by which you will shew yourselves true sons of the Church of England, and oblige,
“Your affectionate friend to serve you,
THO. CESTHIENSIS.”
The art. 20 of MS. Addl. 4182, is a draft of the same letter.
page 58 note b Henry Lord Arundel of Wardour, recently appointed.
page 59 note a Probably John Covell, D.D. rector of Littlebury in Essex.
page 59 note b This is another instance of the carelessness with which the Diary is written in respect to the orthography of proper names. The Vice-President of Magdalene College was Dr. Charles Aldworth, who was conspicuously distinguished in the memorable stand of the college against the arbitrary act of the King. This is the first notice of the contest that has occurred in the Diary ; but it will be seen that the Bishop of Chester went in a short time an Ecclesiastical Commissioner to visit the College in the King's name. Dr. Aldworth was elected in 1691 the Camden Professor of History.
page 60 note a Samuel Fuller, afterwards Dean.
page 60 note b The camp at Hounslow. “The King took great delight to be there every day in person.” Quadriennium Jacobi, 12mo. 1689, p. 93.
page 60 note c The Address from the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Richmond.
page 63 note a This seems the proper place to introduce an outline of the Magdalene College affair, as far as it had then proceeded. A mere outline will be sufficient. Information having been received on March 31 of the death of Dr. Henry Clarke, the President of the College, the Vice President, Dr. Aldworth, gave the usual notice to the Fellows to assemble to elect a successor on the ensuing 13th of April. In the interim a Mandate was received from the King, dated April 5, requiring the Fellows to make choice of one Anthony Farmer, who was not a member of the College. Against this both the Bishop of Winchester, who was Visitor, and the Fellows, remonstrated, and besought the King to withdraw his recommendation, alleging that Farmer had not the qualifications required by the statutes, and was on many accounts an objectionable person ; and on the day of Election they refused to comply with the King's mandate, and placed Mr. John Hough in the Presidentship, who on the 16th was regularly admitted by the Visitor, before the Visitor had received an inhibitory Letter written on the 17th by Lord Sunderland. In obedience to the King's command a statement of the whole case was transmitted to Lord Sunderland by the Vice President and Fellows, when the King directed the Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes to proceed against them for this act of disobedience. They were summoned to appear in the Council Chamber at Whitehall on the 6th of June, to answer to such matters as should be objected against them. Of what passed on that day we have had an account in the Diary. The Vice President and a Deputation of the Fellows attended again on the 13th, and put in their answer, when the further consideration of the business was adjourned to the 22d of the month.
On the 22d they again attended, when, in justification of their conduct in refusing to elect Mr. Farmer, they delivered in a paper containing, amongst other objections to the person whom the King had recommended to them, charges of immorality, some of them of a very gross nature, but, gross as they were, supported by evidence delivered on oath. This is the paper of which the Bishop speaks in such strong terms. The issue was, as stated in the Diary, that the Commissioners declared the election of Mr. Hough void, and suspended Dr. Aldworth from his office of Vice President and Dr. Fairfax from his place as Fellow.
Thus stood the affair at the present time. Dr. Johnson, who dined with the Bishop after the sentence, is Dr. Nathaniel Johnston, from whose work, entitled, “The King's Visitatorial Power Asserted,” 4to. 1688, and from the manuscript papers of Dr. Aldworth, now in the possession of Lord Braybrooke, this brief notice is compiled. In the latter we have a copy of the charges against Mr. Farmer, who, whether guilty to the full extent or not, was evidently an unfortunate choice on the part of the King in an affair in which great caution was peculiarly requisite, and the selection of such a person shews either inexcusable negligence in the King's advisers, or that they were driven to the greatest straights in finding persons who were willing to conform themselves to the King's inclinations. It may here be added, from Dr. Aldworth's Papers, that as early as possible after the receipt of the intelligence of the death of Dr. Clarke, namely, on April 1, the Bishop of Winchester wrote to the Fellows, urging them to proceed to the election with as little delay as possible, and recommending to them the Bishop of Man, Dr. Baptist Levinz, for their President. It would seem that he had a foreslght of the King's design.
page 64 note a Dr. Thomas Watson, successor to Dr. Lloyd. This was another unfortunate choice in this reign of a person to fill an exalted station in the church.
page 65 note a Gregory Hascard was at this time Dean of Windsor.
page 65 note b Sir Robert Holmes was Governor of the Isle of Wight.
page 66 note a John Shelton, Prebendary of Lincoln and Archdeacon of Bedford.
page 66 note b Dr. Hooke, the Bishop's friend, had a very large and powerful body of Non-Conformists in his vicarage of Halifax. There were not fewer than seven congregations of them when the Act of Toleration, two years after the time now spoken of, gave them legal protection, beside the Quakers.
page 67 note a The Princess Anne, afterwards Queen, who has been named several times before. It would appear that measures were taken to interest her in the changes of religion which the King meditated.
page 67 note b Sir James Boteler, made Master of St. Katharine's Hospital in 1684, from which office he was removed in 1698 by Lord Chancellor Somers.
page 67 note c William Paston the second Earl, who had married one of the daughters of King Charles the Second.
page 70 note a Anthony Scattergood, D.D. Prebendary of Lichfield and Lincoln. He had been a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
page 70 note b Caryl Viscount Molineux.
page 70 note c Viscount Brandon, eldest son of Charles Gerard, Earl of Macclesfield, a Colonel in the army.
page 71 note a Garstang.
page 71 note b A curious fact, as indicative of the feeling of the country.
page 71 note c Henry Parker, the last Baron of the name and family.
page 71 note d These appear to have been all Roman Catholic Gentry of Lancashire.
page 72 note a Digby Lord Gerard of Bromley.
page 72 note b Of Boroughbridge in Yorkshire.
page 73 note a Foley.
page 74 note a The King left Windsor on the 16th: went in the first instance to Portsmouth, from thence to Bath, and then through Gloucester, Worcester, Ludlow, Shrewsbury, and Whitchurch, to Chester.
page 74 note b Louis Duras, created Baron Duras by Charles the Second in 1672, succeeded in 1678 to the Earldom of Feversham, under a limitation in the patent to his wife's father.
page 74 note c Afterwards the celebrated Duke of Marlborough.
page 74 note d Saint Winifred's well in Flintshire.
page 77 note a Qu. If for Morrey ?
page 84 note a The Magdalene College affair had proceeded in the following manner, since the time when the election of Mr. Hough was declared null, and the Vice-President, Dr. Aldworth, had been removed. When the orders of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners were sent to the Fellows, there was no one who would admit that he was the proper person to receive them, so that the messenger returned with them to town ; whereupon the Fellows were summoned to appear before the Commissioners for their contempt, and the messenger was directed to proceed again to Oxford and to affix the orders to the gates of the College. Meanwhile, a royal inhibition was issued against any proceeding to election to any office in the College by the Fellows. The Fellows appeared by a deputation, and alleged various irregularities in the form or delivery of the notice. On August 14 the King, abandoning Mr. Farmer, issued his mandate, addressed to Dr. Pudsey, the senior Fellow, and the rest of the Fellows, commanding them to admit to the office of President the Bishop of Oxford, Dr. Samuel Parker, to which they unanimously replied that they conceived the place to be already full. In this they persisted.
The addition to the Commissioners of the Bishop of Chester, Sir Robert Wright, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and Sir Thomas Jenner, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, was then made, and the Visitation of the College by the three new Commissioners resolved upon. This was communicated to the Bishop on the 13th, and he took his seat at the Board on the 17th.
page 84 note b The first Lord Dartmouth, then Master of the Horse.
page 85 note a John Goodman, D.D. Rector of Much Hadham.
page 87 note a This speech may be read at large in ‘The King's Visitatorial Power Asserted,’ p. 55–61. The further proceedings are related very fully in the Diary. Dr. Johnston's work has the date 1688 in the title-page. It appears by Anthony Wood's Diary that it came out in the month of June in that year.
page 91 note a This speech is literally the same as that published in Dr. Johnston's work, which was plainly, as to the portion of it relating to Magdalene College, prepared under the Bishop's inspection, and with his assistance.
page 91 note b Gilbert Ironside, Warden of Wadham College.
page 91 note c Henry Beeston, D.D.
page 91 note d Leopold William Finch, M.A.
page 92 note a Timothy Halton, S.T.P.
page 92 note b Edward Henry Lee, first Earl of Lichfield, Lord of the Bedchamber to King James, and Colonel of the Foot Guards.
page 93 note a Here the Diary ends, the volume being filled. It may be added, that of the Fellows two only, Charnock and Dr. Thomas Smith, submitted to receive the Bishop of Oxford as their President, and twenty-five were deprived of their Fellowships, and declared incapable of being admitted to any ecclesiastical dignity or benefice. At the Revolution, which quickly ensued, these illegal and arbitrary proceedings were annulled, and the Fellows restored ; as was also the President Dr. Hough, who lived to be a very aged man, and died Bishop of Worcester. On his monument in the cathedral is a bas-relief, in which he is represented in the act of protesting against the sentence of the Commissioners, and the words of his protest are engraved below.