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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2010
November 4th, 1677. —This week hath produced four memorable things. The Lady Mary and the Prince of Orange were marryed on the Sunday; the Duchesse was brought to bed of the Duke of Cambridge on the Wednesday; the Archbishop of Canterbury J dyed on the Friday; and on the same day Lady Ann appear'd to have the small pox.
page 3 note * This little work was first published in 1673. The 3rd edition appeared in 1677, a short time before the commencement of the following Diavy; the 15th in 1693, and the 30th in 1743. The earlier editions were dedicated to the Lady Mary, who was then the author's pupil. In 1843 it was repuhlished at Oxford with a preface by A. J. Christie, Esq. Fellow of Oriel College. Seeing the relation in which Dr. Lake stood, not only to the Ladies Mary and Anne, but also to Dr. Compton, who he states bad become the darling of the city and parliament because of his great zeal in the discouragement of papists and popery, it is remarkable that he should have produced a work of this kind, which a gentleman, now we believe a member of the Church of Rome, and certainly taking very high-church views of the subject, has thought worthy of republication. Mr. Christie notices that in the later editions the text had undergone some material alterations; but these, in all probability; were made after the author's death. The divisions of the services into “at prime, at tierce,” &c. as well as the symbolic and red-letter embellishments, appear for the first time in this Oxford edition.
page 5 note * The journal begins with this summary of memorable events by way of heading.
page 5 note † Mary of Modena, Duchess of York.
page 5 note ‡ Dr. Gilbert Sheldon.
page 6 note * Afterwards Earl of Nottingham.
page 6 note † Dr. Henry Compton.
page 6 note ‡ Qy. Bentinck, afterwards Earl of Portland.
page 6 note § Probably family jewels.
page 7 note * Charles Duke of Cambridge, the fifth of the infant sons of James who bore this title, and his first son by Mary of Modena.
page 7 † Lord Crewe.
page 7 ‡ The Duke of York's infant daughter, at this time two years old: she died in 1481.
page 7 § Lady Frances Villiers.
page 7 | Dr. Henry Compton. He had taken an active part in compelling the Duke of York to have his children educated in the doctrine, of. the Church of England (see the Memoirs of King James); and this passage appears to indicate a very extraordinary degree of interference on his part with the internal affairs of the duke's household; but, as he was governor or preceptor to the two princesses, he had some authority in the matter, for the king their uncle confided their education to him and to the persons he appointed, of whom Dr. Lake was one.
page 8 note * According to Pennant, James Duke of Ormond, in 1670, lived at Albemarle House, which had been bought by Monk Duke of Albemarle after Clarendon's fall. London, p. 124.
page 9 note * Edward Villiers, Esq.
page 9 note † The prince's neglect of Mary, with whom, in the words of Sheffield Duke of Buckingham, “he lived always coldly, and a little imperiously,” seems to have begun early; but it is to be remembered that the days immediately following his marriage were occupied in vehement and unsuccessful endeavours to draw his uncle Charles the Second into his schemes against Louis XIV.
page 10 note * Erith.
page 10 note † Youngest daughter of Theophilus Howard, second Earl of Suffolk; married to Edward Villiers, esq. youngest son of Sir Edward Villiers, governor of Munster; mother to William the Third's favourite, the first Earl of Jersey. She had been several years attached to the Duke of York's household. In 1669 she was governess to Edgar Duke of Cambridge, with a salary of 400l. a year. (Jesse's Memorials of the House of Stuart, i. 456.)
page 10 note ‡ Lady Henrietta Boyle, daughter of Richard Earl of Burlington, married to the well-known statesman Lawrence Hyde, second son of the Chancellor Lord Clarendon, and afterwards created Earl of Rochester. Her daughter Henrietta married the Earl of Dalkeith, son to the Duke of Monmouth, from whom descend the present house of Buccleuch. She was a friend of Evelyn, and seems to have borne a high character, although she did not altogether escape the scandal of that scandalous age. She was doubtless the person described in Grammont as Madame Hyde, the owner of the most admirable foot in England. The engraving from her portrait in one of the editions is lettered “Lady Rochester,” the title taken by her husband, Lawrence Hyde, when advanced to an earldom. She was not likely to succeed to the office of governess to the princesses, being a strong Protestant, and, indeed, the Earl of Rochester was removed from the Lieutenancy of Ireland by James II., his brother-in-law, to make way for a Catholic, and he shortly after espoused the cause of the Prince of Orange.—B.
page 11 note * Michael Boyle, afterwards Primate of Ireland. Burnet says, “He was in all respects so complaisant to the court” of James the Second, “that even his religion became suspected;” to which Swift subjoins, “false as hell.”
page 11 note † Dr. Dolben, afterwards Archbishop of York. He, like Compton, had been a soldier, and commanded a troop of dragoons for Charles I.
page 11 note ‡ Dr. John Fell, Dean of Christ Church.
page 11 note § Secretary to the Duke of York; the first unfortunate rictim of the Popish Flot persecution.
page 12 note * Sheerness, Isle of Sheppy.
page 12 note † Dr. Birch, in his Life of Tillotson, notices a story in Echard (Appendix, p. ii.), that the prince and princess, instead of embarking at London, were sent privily out by the Canterbury road, in order to avoid a great city feast, which was preparing for them, and at which some disagreeable manifestation of civic opinion was expected; and that Tillotson, then Dean of Canterbury, laid the foundation of his fortunes with them by making himself useful-in supplying them with plate and furniture. He controverts the first part of the story on the authority of the Gazette, according to which they sailed as far as Sheerness, were detained there by weather, went to Canterbury Nov. 23, left that city Nov. 26, and embarked at Margate on the 28th, which accords with Dr. Lake's account.
page 12 note ‡ Thomas Windsor Hickman, to whom Charles the Second confirmed the barony of Windsor in 1660; ancestor of the Earls of Plymouth.
page 13 note * Dorothy Howard, married to Sir James Grseme, of Levens in Westmoreland, and Anne td Sir Gabriel Sylvius the diplomatist; daughters of William, fourth son of the first Earl of Berkshire, and sisters to Craven, afterwards earl. They were intimate friends of Evelyn, who was at the wedding of the latter lady, and gives a full description of it. (Diary, vol. ii. p. 410.) She must have been Sylvius's second wife, if there is any truth in Grammont, who says in his chapter of the queen's maids of honour, that “la petite La Garde1” got married to “le Seigneur Sylvius, personnage qui n'avait rien de ce que promettait le nom romain qu'il avait pris,” which lady, in the notes to the common editions of Grammont, is made to live on into the next century.
page 13 note † Thomas Browne, Chaplain to Archbishop Laud in 1636, Canon of Windsor 1639, Hector of St. Mary Aldermanbury, and Oddington in Oxfordshire. He was Chaplain to Mary Princess of Orange for some time, during the exile of Charles II. His friend Isaac Vossius, celebrated at once for his learning, eccentricities, credulity, and scepticism, was the author of the inscription to his memory on the outside of St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Vossius was the man of whom Charles the Second said, that he refused to believe nothing but the Bible.
page 14 note * Daughter and sple heiress of Henry Carey, Earl of Dover, the last of the line of Hunsdon. She married the regicide William Heveningham, of Ketteringham, in Norfolk, who surrendered to the proclamation of June 6, 1660. His life was spared, and his wife is said tp have got a patent from Charles II. which saved most of the estate. She died at her house in Jermyn-street, in 1692. Her son William, knighted in 1674, married a daughter of Viscount Grandison. He seems to have been one of the fashionable coxcombs of Charles's reign, who imitated the wit and follies of Rochester and Buckingham. The Norfolk branch of this ancient family became extinct in the male line at his death.
page 14 note † James Howard, third Earl of Suffolk.
page 15 note * Bishop of Llandaff in 1639. Laud's patronage of this prelate, who was accused of Romanising tendencies, was one of the circumstances urged against the archbishop on his trial.
page 16 note * Viscountess Yarmouth, daughter of Sir Jasper Clayton, Bait., citizen of London.
page 16 note † Sir Thomas Oshorne, the celebrated statesman, created Earl of Danby and Duke of Leeds, at this time treasurer. He married Bridget, daughter of Montagu Bertie, Earl of Linclsey. His eldest son Lord Latimer married Elizabeth, daughter of Simon Bennett, of Beckhampton, Bucks. He and his lady both died young, and left no issue, the titles of the father descending to another son.
page 16 note ‡ Probably John Lord Berkeley. He was afterwards Bishop of Rochester, and subsequently of Ely, and was deprived for not taking the oath of allegiance to William and Mary.
page 17 note * Probably Lake officiated for his friend Morton at Albemarle House.
page 17 note † Sir Allan Apsley was brother or nephew of the celebrated Mrs. Hutchinson. See her Memoirs of her husband, the regicide Colonel Hutchinson. He was treasurer of the household to the Duke of York.
page 17 note ‡ William Lloyd, afterwards bishop of St. Asapb, and ultimately of Worcester. The work here alluded to is his “Considerations touching the true way to repress Popery in this Kingdom. London, 1677,” thus characterised by Burnet:–“He had writ a book with very sincere intentions, but upon a very tender point. He proposed that a discrimination should be made between the regular priests, that were in a dependence and under directions from Rome, and the secular priests, that would renounce the pope's deposing power and his infallibility. He thought this would raise heats among themselves, and draw censures from Rome on the seculars, which in conclusion might have very good effects. This was very plausibly writ, and designed with great sincerity; but angry men said all this was intended only to take off so much from the apprehension that the nation had of popery, and to give a milder idea of a great body among them; and as soon as it had that effect, it was probable that all the missionaries would have leave given them to put on that disguise, and to take those discriminating tests, till they had once prevailed, and then they would throw them off.”—Own Time, i. 259, edit. 1823. Lloyd was a very learned man, who strangely bewildered himself in the latter part of his life in endeavours to expound prophecy. Burnet, who boasts of his friendship, gives him a long and honourable notice, to which Swift subjoins—“The dullest, good-for-nothing man I ever knew.” Hume mentions him as joining with Archbishop Sancroft and the other prelates in their petition to James the Second, deprecating his assuming to suspend the laws against Roman Catholics. There was another Bishop Lloyd, one of the non-juring bishops, whose Christian name was also William. He was first appointed to Llandaff, then translated to Peterborough, and afterwards to Norwich.
page 18 note * Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, afterwards the first Duke of Leeds.
page 19 note * The compiler of James the Second's Memoirs says that the reason why Compton did not get the archbishopric was “that he was married, and his wife alive.” The real one undoubtedly was the dislike which James himself entertained to him, on account of his zeal against popery and his arbitrary interference with James's own establishment. Besides Burnet (whose prejudice against Sancroft is well known), Anthony Wood in his Life, and Kennett in his History, both attribute his appointment to James.
page 19 note † Closet-keeper to Charles II., and greatly in his confidence.
page 20 note * Houghton.
page 22 note * The judicious reader may collate this piece of clerical gossip with two letters from Bishop Cosinsto Sancroft, published by D'Oyly in his Life of the latter prelate, vol. i. p. 121, which relate to a projected marriage with a certain “gentlewoman.” The Bishop says,—“I take not the difficulties which you mention to be invincible, either on her part, or much considerable on the part of those on whom you say she depends; and truly there cannot be a greater act of charity done for her than to take her out of the danger wherein she lives, and prevent her falling into the fire.” But as these letters are dated 1661, when Sancroft was residing at Houghton, in Durham, they are pot very likely to refer to the same passage in his life. It must be added, that our friend Dr. Lake seems to have cherished something of an ill-natured spirit towards Sancroft. In one of his letters to Sir H. North, written from his retirement at Fressingfield after the Revolution (Dec. 23, 1691), Sancroft says, “The spirit of calumny, the persecution of the tongue, dog me even into this wilderness. Dr. Lake of Garlick Hill, and others, have, as I am informed, filled your city with a report that I go constantly to this parish church, and pray for I know not whom, nor how, and receive the holy sacrament there, so that my cousin had something to do to satisfy even my friends that it was quite otherwise.” D'Oyly's Life of Sancroft, vol. ii. p. 18. Dr. Birch, in a MS. note to this passage (in the British Museum copy of the original edition of the letter to Sir H. North), says this was the rector of St. Mary at Hill.
page 22 note ‡ Dr. Lake (as we shall see from other passages in this journal) was disappointed at not getting the place of chaplain to her highness in Holland. Dr. Hooper, who got it, writes in a very different strain. See a long account drawn up by him of his attendance on this most amiable of royal ladies, in the Appendix to Mr. Trevor's William III.
page 23 note * This poor father (who was at this time obliged to disguise himself, in consequence of Charles II.'s proclamation against priests) was a favourite butt of the Protestant wits of that day. Andrew Marvell thus mentions him in his “Instructions to a Painter:”
“Next draw his highness prostrate to the South,
Adoring Rome, this label in his mouth:
‘Most holy father, being joined in league
With Father Patrick, Danby, and with Teague,
Thrown at your sacred feet, I humbly bow,
I, and the wise associates of my vow,’ ” &c. &c.
The honour of James's conversion is facetiously attributed to him in one of the “State Poems,” beginning—
“Betwixt Father Patrick and 's highness of late
There happened a strange and a weighty debate.”
Evelyn, in his Diary (vol. iv. p. 226), mentions meeting him “at Mr. Treasurer's,” and addresses him a long letter on the Anglican doctrine of the Eucharist. He was the author of “A famous Conference between Pope Clement X. and Cardinal Montalto touching the late discovery of the Mass in Holy Scripture.” 1674.
page 23 note † John Grenville, first Earl of Bath, son of Sir Bevill Grenville.
page 23 note ‡ See the debates on the irregular adjournments of Speaker Seymour, Parliamentary Hist. 1678, p. 903. He retired in the Easter recess, and Sir Robert Sawyer was chosen.
page 23 note § Afterwards Dean of Canterbury and Bishop of Bath and Wells.
page 24 note * Donatus Lord O'Brien, grandson of Henry Earl of Thomond, married Lady Sophia, youngest daughter hi Lord Danby. He perished in the shipwreck of the Gloucester frigate, on the Duke of York's voyage to Scotland, 1682.
page 24 note † This implies a doubt whether he had Christian burial, and seems to sanction the uncertainty noticed by Clarendon as to how the body of Charles I. had been disposed of; whereas Herbert's account of the burial was proved correct as to the place, and most likely is so as to the manner. See Sir H. Halford's account of the discovery of the body.
page 24 note ‡ Is this vote mentioned elsewhere ? No burial of the body took place in pursuance of it.
page 24 note § The reader will find Col. Tomlinson's own version of this story, told by himself, in the trial of the regicide Hacker (State Trials). It furnishes a curious instance of the way in which the expression of a very natural conjecture, magnified by successive repe. tition, grows to pass for a prophecy. Aubrey quotes it in his Miscellanies as an instance of the second sight, or rather of sudden inspiration!
page 25 note * This well-known story of tbe Sortes is to be found in Wellwood's Memoirs, p. 64. (See Harris's Charles I. p. 56.) But we are not aware that the circumsjan of Cowley's translation of the lines is mentioned by any author.
page 26 note * Qy. shore or strand?
page 26 note † Dr. Morley.
page 26 note ‡ Dr. Thomas, afterwards Bishop of Worcester.
page 27 note * i.e. Charles II.
page 27 note † Dr. James Crowther, Preeentor ef St. Paul's, Rector of Tredington, Worcestershire, Prinoipal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford. He is laid to have married James to Ann Hyde. “I remember him,” says Kennett, “esteemed at Oxford a very severe, dis. putant, and. very tenacious of the rules of logic. He would often moderate in the public disputations within his own hall; but so fierce and passionate that if the opponent made a false syllogism, er the respondent a wrong answer, he bid the next that sate by them kiok their shim: And it became a proverb, Kick-shins Crowther. He was extremely hated at Tredington for his stiff contending with the people. They obliged him to keep a boar J he got a black one to spite them. The black pigs were called Crowthers, In his last days (he died in 1689) he was committed prisoner to the Fleet in London, by the endeavour! of Sir T. Draper, because he refused to renew a corps belonging to St. Paul's Churshi then in possession of Sir Thomas, whioh the doctor intended to wear out for the benefit of the said cathedral.” Kennett's MS. Collections.
The word corps is sometimes used, as in the foregoing extract, to signify a lease for lives, of which one (or more) has fallen in.
page 27 note ‡ Brother of “Nan Clarges,” the notorious Duchess of Albemarle. No notice of such a speech in to be found in the Parliamentary History.
page 29 note * This mistake must have arisen from the omission of suitable explanation, which it was the duty of Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, the preceptor in chief of the two princesses, and of course the pastor and master, par excellence, of Anne of York, after her sister was married, to have given.
page 29 note † A house still in the possession of the family of Walrond, and one of the finest specimens of Tudor mansions in the west of England.
page 30 note * The Deanery of Exeter, a subdivision of the archdeaconry, comprising the parishes of the city and a few others, is also called the deanery “of Christianity.” We have never been able to meet with an explanation of the term. The vaunting title of the Montmarencys, “Premier Baron de la Chréienté,” is explained by some antiquaries, to mean nothing but chief baron of the “Christianity,” or ecclesiastical district of Paris. That rural deans were sometimes called Decani Chrislianitatis; see Cowel, voce Christianitatis Curia.
page 29 † This robbery is commemorated in a pamphlet entitled “The Gmt Robbery in the West; or the Innkeeper turned Highwayman; a perfect narrative, how an Innkeeper near Exeter robbed the Exeter carrier of 600l. To which is added., Sad News from Gloucestershire: being a relation how a lion at Wlnoheombe devoured his keeper. 1878.” Dr. Lake seems to dwell on the enormities of this Presbyterian rascal by way of set-off for the sins of his own pupil, the Earl of Bath's quondam page.