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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 December 2009
Acknowledgement 273
Abbreviations 274
Introduction 276
Editorial Practice 291
Note on Biographies 293
Captain Henry Herbert's Narrative of his Journey Through France with his Regiment, 1671–3 294
Chronology of Herbert's Travels, 1671–3 363
Ane Account of Our Regementes Marches from the Winter Quarters to ther Entrance in France, 1673 366
The transcripts from the Herbert Manuscripts in the National Library of Wales are reproduced with the kind permission of the Librarian and the Trustees of the Powis Castle Estate.
page 276 note 1. Childs, Nobles, Gentlemen, p. 42Google Scholar; HP, ii. 531Google Scholar; Dodd, A.H., Studies in Stuart Wales (Cardiff, 1971), p. 83Google Scholar; Correspondence of the Family of Hatton, ed. Thompson, E.M. (London, Camden society, new series xxiii, 1878), i. 66.Google Scholar
page 276 note 2. NLW, HM2/14/7a.
page 277 note 3. Herbert Correspondence, p. 13.Google Scholar
page 277 note 4. Ibid, p. 360 no. 61.
page 278 note 5. NLW, HM 2/14/7b.
page 279 note 6. Hatlon Correspondence, i. 71Google Scholar; The Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, ed. Abbott, W.C. (Cambridge, Mass., 1947), iv. 854, 952Google Scholar; The Knights of England, ed. Shaw, W.A. (London, 1906), ii. 224.Google Scholar
page 279 note 7. SP 78/137, f. 146; Childs, Nobles, Gentlemen, pp. 47, 106, 107Google Scholar; Firth, C.H. & Davies, G., A Regimental History of Cromwell's Army (Oxford, 1940), ii. 411, 723.Google Scholar
page 280 note 8. NLW, HM 2/14/70. The date was 1673 by the Gregorian Calendar.
page 281 note 9. Henry Every (c.1653–1709), succeeded as 3rd Baronet of Egginton in 1700. His mother, Vere, was the daughter of Sir Henry Herbert (d.1673), Master of the Revels to both Charles I and Charles II. Sir Henry Herbert was the great-uncle of Captain Henry Herbert (G.E.C., Complete Baronetage (Exeter, 1902), ii. 85–6; Herbert Correspondence, p. 413).Google Scholar
page 282 note 10. NLW, HM2/14/7C/1.
page 283 note 11. Herbert Correspondence, no. 354.
page 283 note 12. The St George, with Herbert on board, fought at the Battle off the Texel on 11/21 August 1673 (CSPD 1673, pp. 522–3).Google Scholar
page 284 note 13. On the Franco-Dutch War see, Rousset, C., Hisloire de Louvois (Paris, 1886), iGoogle Scholar.; Ekberg, C.J., The Failure of Louis XIV's Dutch War (Chapel Hill, 1979)Google Scholar; van Sypestein, H.A. & de Bordes, J.P., De Verdediging van Nederland in 1672 en 1673 (The Hague, 1850)Google Scholar; Trevelyan, M.C., William the Third and the Defence of Holland, 1672–1674 (London, 1930)Google Scholar; Het Staatsche Leger, 1568–1795, ed. Ten Raa, F.G.J. & De Has, F. (The Hague & Breda, 1911–1959), vGoogle Scholar.; Fruin, Robert, De Oorlog van 1672 (Groningen, 1972)Google Scholar; Shulten, J.W.M., Het Leger in de 17e Eeuw (Bussum, 1969)Google Scholar; des Robert, Ferdinand, Les Campagnes de Turenne en Allemagne (Nancy, 1883)Google Scholar. Numerous prints and drawings were made of the crossing of the Rhine in 1672, one of which is reproduced in Hatton, Ragnild, Louis XIV and his World (London, 1972), p. 69.Google Scholar
page 284 note 14. Sonnino, Paul, ‘Louis XIV and the Dutch War’, in, Louis XIV and Europe, ed. Hatton, R. (London, 1976), pp. 153–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sonnino, Paul, ‘The Origins of Louis XIV's Wars’, in, The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe, ed. Black, Jeremy (Edinburgh, 1987), pp. 112–22Google Scholar; Ekberg, , Failure ofLouis XIV's Dutch War, pp. 3–46Google Scholar; Wolf, John B., Louis XIV (London, 1968), pp. 213–46.Google Scholar
page 286 note 15. van Hof, J.C.P.M., ‘Fortifications in the Netherlands, 1500–1940’, Revue Internationale d'Histoire Militaire, lviii. (1984), pp. 105–9Google Scholar; On tne progress of the inundations see, Trevelyan, , William the Third and the Defence of Holland, pp. 181–206.Google Scholar
page 287 note 16. See, Rowen, H.H., The Princes of Orange (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 112–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Baxter, S.B., William III (London, 1966), pp. 55–85.Google Scholar
page 287 note 17. Spielman, J.P., Leopold I of Austria (London, 1977), pp. 58–9.Google Scholar
page 288 note 18. Childs, Army of Charles II, pp. 183–4.Google Scholar
page 289 note 19. Wolf, Louis XIV, p. 236.Google Scholar
page 290 note 20. Atkinson, C.T., ‘Charles II's Regiments of France, 1672–1678’, JSAHR, xxiv. (1946), pp. 53–65, 128–36, 161–72Google Scholar; Childs, John, ‘The British Brigade in France, 1672–1678’, History, lxix. (1984), pp. 86–7.Google Scholar
page 294 note 1. Sir Henry Jones.
page 294 note 2. Sir George Hamilton. See O'Callaghan, J.C., History of the Irish Brigades in the service of France (Glasgow 1870, repr. Shannon, 1969), pp. 33–4.Google Scholar
page 294 note 3. The troop of English Gens d'Armes in the French service. Raised by Sir George Hamilton in 1667, it consisted of 100 men, mainly catholic ex-officers from the English establishment (Childs, Army of Charles II, p. 26).Google Scholar
page 294 note 4. ‘Capitulations’ were the terms of contract between the commander of a regiment raised for foreign service and the hiring government (The First Triple Alliance: the Letters of Christopher Lindenov, Danish Envoy to London, 1668–1672, ed. Westergaard, Waldemar (Copenhagen, 1946), pp. 29, 43–4Google Scholar; Childs, John, ‘The British Brigade in France, 1672–1678’, History, lxix. (1984), pp. 386–7).Google Scholar
page 294 note 5. Henri de Chaumejean, Marquis de Fourilles (d. 1720). Fourilles was the principal inspector of the French cavalry (DBF, xiv. 782–3Google Scholar; Rousset, Louvois, i. 211).Google Scholar
page 294 note 6. The British officers who had served with the British Brigade in Portugal between 1662 and 1668. In the latter year they had returned to England to face unemployment or to ride as reformadoes in the English army. They formed a tightly-knit group of veteran, professional officers (Hardacre, P.H., ‘The English Contingent in Portugal, 1662–1668’, JSAHR, xxxviii. (1960), pp. 112–25Google Scholar; CSPD 1660–85, p. 461).Google Scholar
page 295 note 7. Louis XIV.
page 295 note 8. The French currency during the 16705 was relatively confused. Its principal denominations were:
Between 1675 and 1679, the pound sterling was valued at 13 livres tournois. A pistole was therefore worth around 3 shillings sterling (John Locke's Travels in France, 1675–9 ed. Lough, John (Cambridge, 1953), p. lxvi).Google Scholar
page 295 note 9. Each troop had only 44 men even though its establishment was set at 50. The pay of the six permanent absentees went into the pockets of the colonel and the troop captains, ostensibly to purchase equipment for the soldiers. This echoed the practice in the English army (Childs, , Army of Charles II, pp. 104–9).Google Scholar
page 296 note 10. The captain-lieutenant commanded the colonel's company or troop and ranked as the senior lieutenant of the regiment.
page 296 note 11. Lieutenant-Colonel William Littleton.
page 296 note 12. Major Theodore Russell.
page 297 note 13. Edward Herbert, third Baron Herbert of Cherbury, Henry Herbert's elder brother.
page 297 note 14. Lymore Park, the family seat.
page 297 note 15. This gold medal was probably awarded to Captain John Baddison of the Swallow (CSPD 1671, pp. 536, 537, 541Google Scholar). Sir Henry Osborne was admitted a knight bachelor on 13 January 1672 (Le Neve's Pedigree of the Knights, ed. Marshall, G.W. (London, Harleian Society, 1873), pp. 261, 283).Google Scholar
page 297 note 16. Edward Herbert, first Baron Herbert of Cherbury, the philosopher-poet. See The Life of Edward, First Lord Herbert of Cherbury, written by Himselfe, ed. Shuttleworth, J.M. (Oxford, 1976).Google Scholar
page 298 note 17. Aeolus, the ruler of the winds (OCD, p. 15).
page 298 note 18. Camber Castle, built in 1539–40, one of Henry VIII's chain of fortifications constructed along the south-east coast of England during the invasion scare of the late 1530s. The castles consisted of circular, central keeps with hollow, concentric rings serving as primitive bastions. The designs were out-of-date before they were built (Parker, Geoffrey, The Military Revolution, 1500–1800 Cambridge, 1988), pp. 26–8Google Scholar; O'Neil, B.H. St J., Castles and Cannon (Oxford, 1960), p. 51.Google Scholar
page 299 note 19. A London prostitute.
page 299 note 20. A French, female sutler.
page 299 note 21. A small boat to ferry the horse to the anchored ship (OED).
page 299 note 22. The total = £12s. 2d.
page 300 note 23. St Jacques, built between the 13th and the 16th centuries. Parts of Dieppe Castle had been refortified by Vauban (Blomfield, Reginald, Sebastien le Prestre de Vauban London, 1938), p. 205).Google Scholar
page 301 note 24. Bacqueville-en-Caux. The regiment followed a route of march which had been laid down by Michel le Tellier on 9 September 1671 (NLW, HM 2/14/70).
page 301 note 25. St Victor l'Abbaye.
page 302 note 26. This refers to the practice of allowing householders and innkeepers to avoid having to billet troops provided that they paid for the privilege. In this way, Herbert and his men were able to make a little money during their journey through France. The term ‘burning’ derives from the habit of an occupying army demanding ‘brandt-schatzung’, or ‘burning money’, from towns and villages: financial contributions which, if tardily delivered, resulted in buildings being put to the flame (Redlich, F., ‘Contributions in the Thirty Years' War’, Economic History Review, xii (1959–1960), pp. 247–54Google Scholar; Parker, Geoffrey, The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659 Cambridge, 1972), pp. 142–3).Google Scholar
page 302 note 27. A league measured three English miles.
page 302 note 28. Cailly.
page 302 note 29. Lyons-la-Fôret.
page 302 note 30. Jument—a beast of burden (OED).
page 302 note 31. Herbert has mistakenly written ‘their’ instead of ‘our’.
page 303 note 32. Châlon-sur-Marne.
page 303 note 33. See, Bamford, P.W., Forests and French Sea Power, 1660–1789 (Toronto, 1956).Google Scholar
page 303 note 34. See OCD, p. 1037.Google Scholar
page 303 note 35. Chaumont-en-Vexin.
page 303 note 36. Pontoise.
page 303 note 37. The Irish infantry regiment of Sir George Hamilton.
page 303 note 38. Dr John Higgins, the regimental surgeon. Probably Lewis Billingsley, who might well have been a young volunteer in Jones's regiment at this time (Dalton, i. 203 et passim).
page 303 note 39. The Abbey of St. Dennis.
page 304 note 40. Herbert lodged with Madame Paris, à la Croix Blanche, Rue de Maire aux Faubourgs St Germain, Paris (Herbert Correspondence, no. 351; Rouleau, B., Le Tracé des Rues de Paris; formation, typologie, fonctions (Paris, 1969), p. 71).Google Scholar
page 305 note 41. Street lighting had been introduced into Paris in 1667 (Bernard, Leon, The Emerging City: Paris in the Age of Louis XIV (Durham, North Carolina, 1970), pp. 163–6.)Google Scholar
page 306 note 42. Meaux-la-Forte.
page 306 note 43. Château-Thierry.
page 306 note 44. Épernay.
page 306 note 45. Châlon-sur-Marne.
page 306 note 46. Courtisols.
page 306 note 47. The precise location of the Battle of Châlon, or the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, A.D. 451, is not known. Aetius Flavius was assassinated in A.D. 454 (Fuller, J.F.C., Decisive Battles of the Western World, ed. Terraine, John (London, 1970), i. 207Google Scholar; OCD, p. 20).Google Scholar
page 306 note 48. St Menehould.
page 307 note 49. Marchéville-en-Woëvre.
page 307 note 50. The Forêt de Gorze.
page 307 note 51. Novéant-sur-Moselle.
page 307 note 52. The Roman aqueduct at Jouy-aux-Arches on the Moselle south of Metz.
page 307 note 53. François de Blanchefort, Chevalier de Créquy (1629–87) (DBF, ix. 1210–12).Google Scholar
page 307 note 54. Pont-à-Mousson.
page 307 note 55. Vaucouleurs.
page 307 note 56. There are three villages called Pagny, or Pagney, in this region, but only Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte lies on the Meuse.
page 308 note 57. This list of the subsistence pay which the soldiers received whilst they were in winter quarters is given in the margin of p.15 of the manuscript.
page 308 note 58. This list of the winter quarters appears in the margins of pp.15 and 16 of the manuscript. The modern names of the villages are: Gérauvilliers, Rosières-en-Blois, Amanty, Cléry-la-Côte, Epiez-sur-Meuse, and Uruffe. On this reckoning, Herbert's troop numbered 59 men and 4 officers.
page 308 note 59. A horse of Croatian origin (OED).
page 308 note 60. Strasbourg.
page 309 note 61. Odysseus and Circe (OCD, p. 242).Google Scholar
page 309 note 62. John Higgins.
page 309 note 63. Lieutenant Don Ville.
page 309 note 64. Marquis de Sôme.
page 309 note 65. The Salles family, barons de Rorté.
page 309 note 66. Probably Duke Charles III of Lorraine.
page 310 note 67. Herbert viewed his officers as ‘temporary gentlemen’. See his remark on page 17 of the text on p. 457 of this edition.
page 310 note 68. i.e.everything pales into insignificance beside the experience of the officers from the British Brigade in Portugal.
page 310 note 69. A flintlock musket.
page 312 note 70. i.e. fenced-in and managed for game.
page 312 note 71. Commercy.
page 312 note 72. This probably refers to St Lawrence's Monastery at Dieulouard, Lorraine (Memoirs of Father Augustine Baker and other documents, eds. McCann, J. & Connolly, H. (Catholic Record Society, London, 1933), pp. 269–70).Google Scholar
page 313 note 73. A little horse (OED). See Thirsk, Joan, The Horse in Early Modern England (Reading, 1978), pp. 25–7.Google Scholar
page 314 note 74. This refers to the village of Pagny where Herbert was quartered.
page 314 note 75. Shrove Tuesday.
page 315 note 76. The Thirty Years' War.
page 315 note 77. Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (1604–1675).
page 316 note 78. These figures represent the pay whilst in the field. They need to be compared with the pay received whilst in winter quarters listed on p. 456 above.
page 317 note 79. Clermont-en-Argonne.
page 317 note 80. Carignan, between Mouzon and Sedan. It is now in France.
page 317 note 81. The Ardennes.
page 317 note 82. Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (1621–86) (DBF, ix. 447–52).Google Scholar
page 317 note 83. Better known as Charles the Bold.
page 318 note 84. An English Jesuit novitiate was founded in Liege in 1614 (Beales, A.C.J., Education Under Penalty, 1547–1689 (London, 1963), p. 186).Google Scholar
page 318 note 85. Sir John Mandeville (d.1372). English explorer and traveller. Buried at the Church of Liège (DNB).
page 318 note 86. Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (1611–75).
page 318 note 87. Maaseik, fifteen miles north of Maastricht on the Meuse.
page 318 note 88. Neuss.
page 318 note 89. Kaiserwerth.
page 318 note 90. Francois-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duke of Luxembourg, Marshal of France (1628–95).
page 318 note 91. Captain Henry Slingsby.
page 319 note 92. Vaucouleur. At this point, Herbert repeats his Narrative from p. 28 in the manuscript.
page 319 note 93. Clermont-en-Argonne.
page 319 note 94. The issue of provisions to the soldiers.
page 319 note 95. This list appears in the margin of p. 7 of the manuscript. It has been repositioned here to improve clarity and continuity.
page 320 note 96. These represent the ration allowances of the officers.
page 320 note 97. Mouzon.
page 320 note 98. Carignan.
page 320 note 99. Prince of Condé.
page 320 note 100. Probaly Bernhard, Comte de la Guiche, lieutenant-general (1642–1696) (DNF, x. 79).Google Scholar
page 320 note 101. The Ardennes.
page 320 note 102. A modern estimate suggests that the size of an army's administrative tail and its camp-followers was about half that of its fighting strength (Parker, Military Revolution, pp. 77–8).
page 320 note 103. Jülich.
page 320 note 104. Neuss.
page 321 note 105. 40 pounder cannon.
page 322 note 106. Grieth.
page 322 note 107. Nijmegen.
page 322 note 108. River Waal.
page 322 note 109. The fortress of Schenckenschans. The peninsula formed by the division of the Rhine is known as the Isle of Betuwe.
page 322 note 110. The water levels in this area were low after a prolonged spell of dry weather. This had been one of the reasons for the Dutch evacuation of the line of the Oude Ijssel (Baxter, , William III, p. 65).Google Scholar
page 322 note 111. The French refer to this action as the Battle of the Tolhuis.
page 323 note 112. Charles Paris, Due de Longueville, the nephew of the Prince of Condé (DNF, xii. 319–20).Google Scholar
page 324 note 113. Gaston-Jean-Baptiste de Choiseul, Marquis de Plessis-Praslin (DBF, viii. 1204).Google Scholar
page 324 note 114. See p. 322 n. 109 above).
page 324 note 115. Nijmegen.
page 324 note 116. The Oude Ijssel.
page 325 note 117. i.e. they had shot their bolt after their first charge.
page 325 note 118. Rehoboam, son of Solomon, who succeeded his father as king of Judah in 935 B.C. His oppressive rule split Judah into Judea in the south and Israel in the north (Gordon, C.H., The World of the Old Testament (London, 1960), pp. 189–91).Google Scholar
page 325 note 119. William Littleton.
page 325 note 120. Tiel.
page 326 note 121. Charles Serres.
page 326 note 122. The regimental adjutant.
page 326 note 123. Ferdinand Littleton.
page 326 note 124. The town where this incident occurred is not named by Herbert.
page 326 note 125. A safeguard was a small party of troops placed in a town or a village by one army to prevent the place from being pillaged by their opponents. In this case, the safeguard was French.
page 326 note 126. Lieutenant Hugh Verman.
page 327 note 127. Double-hulled ferries were common on the Nieder Rhine during the 17th century. Some reconstructions can be seen in the Cologne Municipal Museum. Copper bridging pontoons, ‘tin boats’, made their campaign debut in 1672 (Montross, L., War through the Ages (New York, 1960), p. 331).Google Scholar
page 327 note 128. A demi-lune, or ravelin, was an outwork of two faces and one angle built (to protect the enceinte between two bastions).
page 327 note 129. Herbert is mistaken here. There were no English regiments in the Dutch army at this time, although there was a Scottish Brigade of three regiments (Childs, , Army of Charles II, pp. 171–3).Google Scholar
page 328 note 130. Sir Henry Jones.
page 328 note 131. Turenne temporarily assumed command of the combined French army after Conde's wound at the Tolhuis (Trevelyan, , William the Third and the Defence of Holland, p. 163).Google Scholar
page 328 note 132. 's-Hertogenbosch.
page 329 note 133. Arlington and Buckingham had been to seek a peace with the Prince of Orange at his camp at Bodegraven on 25 June/5 July. On the failure of this mission, they proceeded to Louis XIV's headquarters, where, on 29 June/9 July, they concluded the Treaty of Heeswijk which bound the English and the French not to treat separately with the Dutch. At the French camp, Monmouth joined Arlington and Buckingham (Baxter, , William III, pp. 86–90Google Scholar; Geyl, Pieter, Orange and Stuart (London, 1969), pp. 364–72).Google Scholar
page 329 note 134. Fort Crevecoeur.
page 329 note 135. Now Zaltbommel.
page 329 note 136. The Duke of Monmouth's regiment of Foot, also known as the Royal English Regiment, part of the British Brigade serving with the French army.
page 329 note 137. Richard Savage, Viscount Colchester and later 4th Earl Rivers. Samuel Downes.
page 329 note 138. Herbert clearly expected to be allowed to conduct false musters and regarded cheating the system as a legitimate perquisite.
page 330 note 139. St Andries.
page 330 note 140. Werkendam. Fort Loevenstein guarded the confluence.
page 330 note 141. Some material is missing from the manuscript at this point.
page 330 note 142. King Louis IX of France and the Crusade of 1248–50 (Jean de Joinville, Life of St Louis, ed. M.R.B. Shaw (Harmondsworth, 1973), pp. 220–64).Google Scholar
page 330 note 143. i.e. the rivers would do the work that the Dutch army had failed to achieve.
page 330 note 144. This was the point at which the inundations and the creation of the Water Line brought the French offensive to a halt.
page 330 note 145. Louis XIV's headquarters had been at Doesburg on the Oude Ijssel.
page 331 note 146. Possibly a pun on ignis fatuus.
page 331 note 147. Herbert does not indicate in what currency or denomination the ‘100,000’ was given to Jones. It is possible that Herbert has added an extra nought; 10,000 livres would have been a typical sum for equipping a cavalry regiment. See p. 295 n. 8 above.
page 331 note 148. This was about the same as the daily pay received by an infantryman in England. It represents an extremely low wage for a cavalryman who had to maintain his horse as well as his own person (Childs, John, The British Army of William III (Manchester, 1987), pp. 146–8).Google Scholar
page 331 note 149. Boxtel.
page 332 note 150. Postel, now in Belgium.
page 332 note 151. St Trond or St. Truiden.
page 333 note 152. Tongres or Tongeren.
page 333 note 153. The fertility of the Basse-Meuse region was one of the features that made it attractive to campaigning armies. However, in the decade after 1670, it entered a period of agricultural depression and population decline (Gutmann, M.P., War and Rural Life in the Early Modem Low Countries (Princeton, 1980), pp. 23–6, 75–6).Google Scholar
page 333 note 154. Maaseik.
page 333 note 155. Lord George Douglas's Scottish infantry regiment.
page 333 note 156. Jones's regiment was in the cavalry brigade commanded by the Comte de Filiatt, consisting of 3,000 men. In the shorter version of the Narrative (NLW, HM 2/14/7b, p. 14), the brigadier is called ‘La Filich’. Possibly, Abraham de la Fite, Marquis de Pelleporc (DNF, xi. 251).
page 333 note 157. Bivouac.
page 333 note 158. i.e. dismounted cavalrymen serving as dragoons.
page 333 note 159. i.e. a system of pass-words—that which is in fashion (OED).
page 333 note 160. Lieutenant-General Henri-Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis de Rochefort (d.1676).
page 334 note 161. A line of contravallation was a series of field fortifications constructed by the besieging army to protect itself against sallies from the surrounded garrison.
page 334 note 162. French sutlers.
page 334 note 163. To skirmish (OED).
page 334 note 164. Cavalry outposts, or sentries.
page 336 note 165. Captain Wytherington. The lieutenant-colonel was William Littleton.
page 336 note 166. Hugh Verman.
page 336 note 167. Visé or Wezat, on the Meuse between Maastricht and Liège.
page 336 note 168. The Rheingrave was Jacques Fariaux.
page 337 note 169. The Dutch garrison numbered 8,400 (Trevelyan, , William the Third and the Defence of Holland, p.128).Google Scholar
page 337 note 170. Gennep, on the Meuse.
page 337 note 171. Cleves or Kleve.
page 337 note 172. Chaumont.
page 338 note 173. A miner from Cologne (OED).
page 338 note 174. 20 Flemish shillings to a Flemish pound. 38 Flemish shillings to the pound sterling in the 1690s (Jones, D.W., War and Economy in the Age of William and Marlborough (Oxford, 1988), pp. 68–9, 76).Google Scholar
page 338 note 175. Condé.
page 338 note 176. Mülheim, on the River Ruhr.
page 338 note 177. River Ruhr.
page 338 note 178. Essen.
page 339 note 179. i.e.Essen agreed to pay contributions to the French and was accordingly protected by a safeguard. See p. 326 n. 125.
page 339 note 180. Gelsenkirchen.
page 339 note 181. Kettwig.
page 339 note 182. Schloss Landsberg.
page 339 note 183. Philip William, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg. The Duke had concluded a defensive alliance with the Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishop of Münster in 1671 but in June 1672 he was seriously considering tempting overtures from the French (Carsten, F.L., Princes and Parliaments in Germany (Oxford, 1959), pp. 312–19).Google Scholar
page 339 note 184. Schloss Broich.
page 340 note 185. Cologne or Köln.
page 340 note 186. Possibly Jacques Belot (DNF, ii. 886).
page 340 note 187. The suburb of Deutz.
page 341 note 188. Charles II stayed in Cologne from October 1654 to the summer of 1656 (Ashley, M., Charles II (London, 1973), pp. 81–9).Google Scholar
page 341 note 189. Work on the cathedral church of St Peter and St Mary began in 1248 but came to a halt in 1560. Building did not recommence until 1842, finally to be completed in 1880. The crane, a familiar landmark in Cologne, was atop the stump of the south tower.
page 341 note 190. The Reliquary of the Three Kings, by Michael of Verdun, dates from 1181. It is currently positioned behind the high altar.
page 342 note 191. Maximilian Heinrich, Elector and Archbishop of Cologne.
page 342 note 192. Possibly a reference to the acquisition of Verdun by France from the Holy Roman Empire by clause lxxi of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, whereby the bishop of Verdun lost his temporal authority (War, Diplomacy, and Imperialism, 1618–1763), ed. Symcox, Geoffrey (London, 1974), p. 50CrossRefGoogle Scholar). It could also be a reference to Nicolas Arnu, a Dominican theologian of Verdun (Bibliothèque Lorraine ou Histoire des Hommes Illustrés, ed; R.P. Dom Calmet (Nancy, 1751), pp.60–1). ‘The little piggy' got none.’
page 342 note 193. Probably the Bergischewald.
page 342 note 194. To search for food or forage (OED).
page 343 note 195. The Siebengebirge.
page 343 note 196. Fishing (OED).
page 344 note 197. Turenne's camp occupied a line from the left bank of the Rhine near Königs-winter, east through Oberpleis, and into the Siebengebirge around Blankenburg.
page 344 note 198. Brennus, a Gallic king, supposedly captured Rome in 390 B.C. The Roman name for Bonn was Castra Bonnensia (OCD, p.179).Google Scholar
page 344 note 199. Helena, concubine of Constantinius I Chlorus, gave birth to Constantine the Great in A.D. 285. Helena was exiled to Bonn soon after her son's birth (OCD, pp. 281–2).Google Scholar
page 344 note 200. The Electors of Cologne had their residence in Bonn from 1238 to 1794. Cologne was an Imperial Free City and thus outside the Elector's direct jurisdiction (Carsten, , Princes and Parliaments in Germany, pp. 258–60).Google Scholar
page 345 note 201. Untraccd. Probably a soldier who acted as Herbert's servant.
page 345 note 202. Cauliflowers.
page 346 note 203. This force amounted to 100 cavalry and 50 dragoons (NLW, HM 2/14/7b p. 17).
page 346 note 204. Edmund Maine (Mayne).
page 346 note 205. Richard Gwynn.
page 347 note 206. Fulmine (OED).
page 348 note 207. Gaspare Tagliocozzi (1546–99), of Bologna, one of the earliest plastic-surgeons. He invented the technique of restoring the nose by transplanting tissue from another part of the body (O.H. & S.O. Wangensteen, The Rise of Surgery (Folkestone, 1978), p.531).Google Scholar
page 349 note 208. Frederick Hermann von Schomberg (1615–90), created Marshal of France in 1675 (DNB).
page 349 note 209. This is a reference to Jones's horoscope.
page 349 note 210. Richard Sanders was an astrologer based in London (Elias Ashmole, ed. Josten, C.H. (Oxford, 1966), i. 207, n. 2).Google Scholar
page 349 note 211. Turenne's headquarters were at Erpel on the Rhine.
page 349 note 212. Linz-am-Rhein.
page 349 note 213. Schloss Hammerstein.
page 350 note 214. Hochstenbach, on the River Wied, or, Hachenburg (Guillaume Del Lisle, Le Corns du Rhin depuis Worms jusqua Bonne et les Pays adjacé (Paris, 1704).Google Scholar
page 350 note 215. Possibly Mündersbach which was then spelt, Munersbach (Ibid.).
page 350 note 216. Now the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein, on the right bank of the Rhine opposite Coblenz.
page 350 note 217. 20 silver stijvers equalled one Amsterdam guilder in 1680 (Tracy, J.D., A Financial Revolution in the Habsburg Netherlands (Los Angeles, 1985), p. 198Google Scholar). The currency in circulation along the Rhine appears to have been the Dutch guilder rather than the Imperial thaler.
page 351 note 218. Cochem (HM 2/14/7b, p. 18).
page 351 note 219. Wittlich.
page 351 note 220. Richard Gwynn.
page 351 note 221. Arthur Bray.
page 351 note 222. Captain Pendarris had been drowned during the Rhine crossing at the Tolhuis.
page 351 note 223. Edmund Maine (Mayne).
page 351 note 224. Theodore Russell.
page 351 note 225. St Truiden.
page 352 note 226. Possibly Neuerburg. The castle in Wittlich is known as the Burg Ottenstein.
page 352 note 227. Hosten.
page 352 note 228. Edward Villiers.
page 354 note 229. George Tripp.
page 354 note 230. Ferdinand Littleton.
page 354 note 231. Trier.
page 354 note 232. Dr John Higgins.
page 355 note 233. Wittlich.
page 355 note 234. Hosten.
page 355 note 235. Claude de Thiard de Bissy (d.1701), Governor of Nancy and Commander-in-Chief of Lorraine and the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun (Mémoires du Due de Saint-Simon (Paris, 1884), iii, 198–9).Google Scholar
page 355 note 236. Canach.
page 355 note 237. Thionville.
page 356 note 238. Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon's regiment of Irish foot had been raised in 1671 for the French service. It had been disbanded in Nancy in 1672 and its remaining soldiers had been drafted into Sir George Hamilton's regiment (Childs, , Army of Charles II, p. 250).Google Scholar
page 356 note 239. Jean-Paul de Choisy, Provincial Intendant of the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun (Baxter, D.C., Servants of the Sword: French Intendants of the Army, 1630–70 (Urbana, 1976), p. 177).Google Scholar
page 357 note 240. i.e.Jones deducted ten per cent of his men's pay and retained it for his own use.
page 357 note 241. Perhaps Jones came from Flintshire.
page 358 note 242. Typhoid or Typhus.
page 359 note 243. Pont-à-Mousson.
page 359 note 244. Aubange, now in Belgium.
page 359 note 245. Charles Kirke.
page 359 note 246. Peter Barnsley.
page 359 note 247. This implies that travellers riding post in France were entrusted with the carriage of the mails.
page 360 note 248. Herbert was M.P for Montgomery Boroughs from 1665 to 1678 (HP, ii, 531).Google Scholar
page 361 note 249. Southwark.
page 361 note 250. 1673, if the new year is taken to begin on 1 January and not on 25 March.
page 361 note 251. Passed the Commons on 26 March (Commons Journals, ix. 278).Google Scholar
page 361 note 252. The parliamentary session was adjourned on 26 March (Lords Journals, xii, 585).Google Scholar
page 361 note 253. Possibly a son of Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Bart., of Playford, near Ipswich, Suffolk (HP, ii. 306).Google Scholar
page 361 note 254. Charles Godfrey.
page 361 note 255. Captain Robert With (CSPD 1673, p. 529).Google Scholar
page 362 note 256. Henry, Baron Howard of Castle Rising, succeeded as 6th Duke of Norfolk in 1677 (DNB).
page 362 note 257. Herbert resumed his captaincy in the Lord High Admiral's Maritime Regiment of Foot and his company served as marines on board H.M.S. St George between 16 April and 20 September 1673 (NLW, HM 2/14/9).
page 366 note 1. 1673, if the new year is taken to begin on 1 January rather than on 25 March.
page 366 note 2. The regiment had been wintering in Aubange, near Longwy in Lorraine.
page 366 note 3. Marville.
page 366 note 4. Stenay.
page 366 note 5. Mouzon.
page 366 note 6. Charleville-Mézières.
page 366 note 7. The Cistercian House at Cheminon (Schmitt, A., Le Barrois Mouvant, 1624–1608 (Bar-le-Duc, 1929), p. 295).Google Scholar
page 366 note 8. Fontaine l'Évêque, four miles west of Charleroi.
page 366 note 9. Probably Boussu, to the west of Mons.
page 366 note 10. Ath.
page 366 note 11. Oudenarde.
page 366 note 12. Deynse.
page 366 note 13. Ghent (Gent or Gand).
page 366 note 14. The Bruges-Ghent Canal (Rousset, Louvois, i. 457).
page 366 note 15. ‘Monsieur’ was the title of Philippe de Bourbon, Due d'Orléans, (1640–1701), the younger brother of Louis XIV.
page 366 note 16. D'Auvergne.
page 367 note 17. Fusiliers, infantry equipped with bayonets and flintlock muskets rather than matchlocks, guarded the artillery train as they carried no lighted matches to cause a risk of fire or explosion. The French established two regiments of fusiliers in 1672 (Rousset, Louvois, i. 238–9).
page 367 note 18. Grammont (Geraardsbergen).
page 367 note 19. Ninove.
page 367 note 20. Hal or Halle. Notre Dame was the principal church.
page 367 note 21. Tirlemont (Tienen).
page 367 note 22. Wavre. In the Narrative, the author has placed Tirlemont and Wavre in the wrong chronological order. His regiment must have stopped in Waure before Tirlemont if it was en route for Maastricht.
page 367 note 23. Possibly Leau (Zoutleeuw) or Linter (Orsmaal).
page 367 note 24. St Truiden (St Trond).
page 367 note 25. Tongres (Tongeren).
page 367 note 26. Wesel.
page 367 note 27. Sir Henry Jones.
page 367 note 28. The Duke of Monmouth served at the siege of Maastricht as a volunteer.
page 367 note 29. Guy-Aldoine de Durfort de Duras, Comte de Lorges (1628–1702), Marshal of France in 1676 (DNF, xii. 377).
page 367 note 30. Charles de Montsaulnin, Comte de Montal (1616–96).
page 367 note 31. i.e. the French had sapped towards the foot of the glacis and had then launched an assault which had effected a lodgement on the counterscarp.
page 368 note 32. Visé.
page 368 note 33. To reinforce the Prince of Condé in Holland.
page 368 note 34. Tongres (Tongeren).
page 368 note 35. Boxtel, north-west of Eindhoven.
page 368 note 36. Antoine Turgot, Seigneur de St Clair (d.1728) (DNF, xix. 263–4).
page 368 note 37. Either Voghel or Volkel, north-east of Eindhoven.
page 368 note 38. Bois-le-Duc ('s-Hertogenbosch).
page 368 note 39. Heeswijk.
page 368 note 40. Aalburg, near Heusden, on the very edge of the inundations.
page 368 note 41. Hasselt.
page 368 note 42. Bearneau, south of Maastricht on the east bank of the Meuse.
page 368 note 43. Verviers.
page 368 note 44. Stavelot.
page 368 note 45. St Vith.
page 368 note 46. Schönecken, south of Prüm in West Germany.
page 368 note 47. Probably a mis-spelling of ‘burg’.
page 368 note 48. Trier.
page 368 note 49. River Moselle (Mosel).
page 368 note 50. Pfalzel on the Moselle.
page 368 note 51. Thomm.
page 369 note 52. Reinsfeld.
page 369 note 53. Nieder Mennick.
page 369 note 54. Ober Mennick.
page 369 note 55. Pfalzel.
page 369 note 56. i.e. Trier.
page 369 note 57. Lieutenant-General Henri-Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis de Rochefort (d.1676), Marshal of France in 1676.
page 369 note 58. i.e. in garrison in Trier.