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Major Trends in the Historiography of the Latin American Oil Industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2011

Marcelo Bucheli
Affiliation:
Is assistant professor at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign).

Abstract

The historiography of Latin America's oil industry has evolved since the period between the 1960s and the 1980s, when most scholars were focusing on the rise of nationalism in reaction to the multinationals' control of the oil sector. Beginning in the 1990s, the emergence of new methodologies enabled historians to study other aspects of the industry, such as its environmental and cultural impact, local elites' role in its development, the industry's impact on the long-term development of Latin American countries, and the organizational evolution of state-owned oil companies. However, the literature continues to be dominated by studies of Mexico, while the subject of oil consumption is largely ignored.

Type
Literature Review
Copyright
Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 2010

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55 A reconstruction of Mexico's trade statistics for the revolutionary period shows that the export boom was not limited to oil, but also included other goods. See Kuntz, Sandra, “The Export Boom of the Mexican Revolution: Characteristics and Contributing Factors,” Journal of Latin American Studies 36 (2004): 267–96Google Scholar.

56 Rubio, Mar, “‘The Role of Mexico in the First World Oil Shortage: 1918-1922—An International Perspective,” Revista de Historia Económica 24 (2006): 6996CrossRefGoogle Scholar. This same author also published an analysis of the oil industry's impact on the Mexican economy and how its contemporaries perceived it. See, Rubio, Mar, “Petróleo y economía en México, 1900-1930,” Caeteris Paribus 1 (Mar. 2005): 1318Google Scholar.

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61 Aurora Gómez, “The Beginnings of Oil Extraction in Mexico: When Mexican Small Private Companies Ruled,” paper presented at the World Economic History Congress, Utrecht, 2009.

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66 Ingram, George, Expropriation of U.S. Property in South America: Nationalization of Oil and Copper Companies in Peru, Bolivia, and Chile (New York, 1974): 19104Google Scholar. Another detailed study of IPC and other multinationals' political activities can be found in Goodsell, Charles, American Corporations and Peruvian Politics (Cambridge, Mass., 1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

67 Miller, Rory, “Small Business in the Peruvian Oil Industry: Lobitos Oilfields Limited before 1934,” Business History Review 56 (Autumn 1982): 400–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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69 Martinière, Margarita Guerra, ed., Historia del petróleo en el Perú (Lima, 2008).Google Scholar

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72 Although there are many general sources, one good one is by Izar, Miguel, ed., Política y economía en Venezuela, 1810-1991 (Caracas, 1992)Google Scholar.

73 Lieuwen, Edwin, Petroleum in Venezuela: A History (Berkeley, 1954)Google Scholar ; Tugwell, Franklin, The Politics of Oil in Venezuela (Stanford, 1975)Google Scholar ; Betancourt, Rómulo, Venezuela: Oil and Politics (New York, 1979)Google Scholar.

74 McBeth, Brian, Juan Vicente Gómez and the Oil Companies in Venezuela (New York, 1983)Google Scholar. For a study of how the relations between the United States and Venezuela changed with the discovery of oil and were shaped afterward by the oil industry, See Ewell, Judith, Venezuela and the U.S.: From Monroe's Hemisphere to Petroleum Empire (Athens, Ga., 1996)Google Scholar. Jonathan Brown explains that the oil multinationals moved from Mexico to Venezuela in the 1920s as a result of technical problems with extracting oil that the companies faced in Mexico. See Brown, Jonathan, “Why Foreign Oil Companies Shifted Their Production from Mexico to Venezuela in the 1920s,” American Historical Review 90 (1985): 362–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar. In a later study, McBeth argues that the U.S. tariff on Venezuelan oil in 1932 depressed international prices, making Gómez more vulnerable to the decisions of foreign firms. See McBeth, Brian, “Venezuela's Nascent Oil Industry and the 1932 U.S. Tariff on Crude Oil Imports, 1927-1935,” Revista de Historia Económica 27 (2009): 427–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

75 Coronil, Fernando, The Magical State: Nature, Money, and Modernity in Venezuela (Chicago, 1997).Google Scholar

76 Randall, Laura, The Political Economy of Venezuelan Oil (New York, 1987)Google Scholar ; Salazar-Carrillo, Jorge and West, Bernadette, Oil and Development in Venezuela during the Twentieth Century (Westport, 2004)Google Scholar. For an analysis of PDVSA's operations in the 1980s, See Boué, Juan Carlos, Venezuela: The Political Economy of Oil (Oxford, 1993)Google Scholar.

77 Bergquist, Charles, Labor in Latin America: Comparative Essays on Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colombia (Stanford, 1986), 191273.Google Scholar

78 Urbaneja, Diego Bautista, Pueblo y petróleo en la política venezolana del siglo XX (Caracas, 1995)Google Scholar ; Karl, Terry Lynn, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley, 1997)Google Scholar.

79 John, Jonathan Di, From Windfall to Curse? Oil and Industrialization in Venezuela, 1920 to the Present (University Park, Md., 2009).Google Scholar

80 Tinker-Salas, Miguel, The Enduring Legacy: Oil, Culture, and Society in Venezuela (Durham, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For a study of the impact of philanthropic activities led by the foreign multinationals in Venezuela, See Rivas, Darlene, Missionary Capitalism: Nelson Rockefeller in Venezuela (Chapel Hill, 2002)Google Scholar.

81 Wilkins, Mira, “Multinational Oil Companies in South America in the 1920s: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru,” Business History Review 48 (Autumn 1974): 414–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; , Philip, Oil and PoliticsGoogle Scholar. Philip also made a comparison between Latin American expropriations in Philip, George, “The Expropriation in Comparative Perspective,” inGoogle Scholar, Brown and , Knight, The Mexican Petroleum Industry, 173–88Google Scholar.

82 O'Brien, Thomas, The Revolutionary Mission: American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900-1945 (New York, 1996)Google Scholar ; O'Brien, Thomas, The Century of U.S. Capitalism in Latin America (Albuquerque, 1999)Google Scholar.

83 Brown, Jonathan and Linder, Peter, “Trabajadores en el petróleo extranjero: México y Venezuela,” in Las inversiones extranjeras en América Latina, 1850-1930, ed. Marichal, Carlos (Mexico City, 1995), 244–71Google Scholar ; Brown, Jonathan and Linder, Peter, “Oil,” in The Second Conquest of Latin America: Coffee, Henequen, and Oil During the Export Boom, 1850-1930, ed. Topik, Steven and Wells, Allen (Austin, 1998), 125–87Google Scholar.

84 A comparison of the political and technical differences between Mexico and Venezuela can also be found in Brown, “Why Foreign Oil Companies.”

85 Bucheli, Marcelo and Aguilera, Ruth, “Political Survival, Energy Policies, and Multinational Corporations: A Historical Study of Standard Oil of New Jersey in Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela in the Twentieth Century,” Management International Review 50 (2010), 347–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

86 Sánchez, Rafael, “El desarrollo de la industria petrolera en América Latina,” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 60 (1998): 157–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

87 Rubio, Mar et al. , “Energy as an Indicator of Modernization in Latin America: 1890-1925,” Economic History Review (2010): forthcoming.Google Scholar

88 Palacios, Luisa, “Explaining Policy Choice in the Oil Industry: A Look at Rentier Institutions in Mexico and Venezuela, 1988-1999,” PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 2002.Google Scholar

89 Hidy, Ralph and Hidy, Muriel, History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey)Google Scholar : Pioneering in Big Business, 1882-1911 (New York, 1955)Google Scholar ; Gibb, George S. and Knowlton, Evelyn, History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey): The Resurgent Years, 1911-1927 (New York, 1956)Google Scholar ; Larson, Henrietta, Knowlton, Evelyn, and Popple, Charles, History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 1927-1950: New Horizons (New York, 1971)Google Scholar ; Wall, Bennett, Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) Exxon Corporation, 1950-1975 (New York, 1988)Google Scholar ; Wilkins, Mira, The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970)Google Scholar ; Wilkins, Mira, The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from 1914 to 1970 (Cambridge, Mass., 1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Turner, Louis, Oil Companies in the International System (Winchester, 1978)Google Scholar ; Jonker, Joost and Zanden, Jan Luiten van, From Challenger to Joint Industry Leader, 1890-1939: A History of Royal Dutch Shell, vol. 1 (Oxford, 2007)Google Scholar ; Howarth, Stephen and Jonker, Joost, Powering the Hydrocarbon Revolution, 1939-1973: A History of Royal Dutch Shell, vol. 2 (Oxford, 2007)Google Scholar ; Sluyterman, Keetie, Keeping Competitive in Turbulent Markets, 1973-2007 (Oxford, 2007)Google Scholar. An analysis of Latin American nationalist policies in an international context can be found in Philip, George, The Political Economy of International Oil (Edinburgh, 1994), 91102. A shorter, though extensive, history of the oil industry can be found inGoogle ScholarYergin, Daniel, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York, 1991)Google Scholar. Geoffrey Jones's work on the evolution of multi national corporations also has substantial sections dedicated to the oil industry. See Jones, Geoffrey, Multinationals and Global Capitalism (Oxford, 2005)Google Scholar.