Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:23:31.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Selenium in global food systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Gerald F. Combs Jr*
Affiliation:
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Gerald F. Combs Jr, fax +1 607 255 1033, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Food systems need to produce enough of the essential trace element Se to provide regular adult intakes of at least 40 μg/d to support the maximal expression of the Se enzymes, and perhaps as much as 300 μg/d to reduce risks of cancer. Deprivation of Se is associated with impairments in antioxidant protection, redox regulation and energy production as consequences of suboptimal expression of one or more of the Se-containing enzymes. These impairments may not cause deficiency signs in the classical sense, but instead contribute to health problems caused by physiological and environmental oxidative stresses and infections. At the same time, supranutritional intakes of Se, i.e. intakes greater than those required for selenocysteine enzyme expression, appear to reduce cancer risk. The lower, nutritional, level is greater than the typical intakes of many people in several parts of the world, and few populations have intakes approaching the latter, supranutritional, level. Accordingly, low Se status is likely to contribute to morbidity and mortality due to infectious as well as chronic diseases, and increasing Se intakes in all parts of the world can be expected to reduce cancer rates.

Type
Review article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Aaseth, J, Aadland, E & Thomassen, Y (1987) Serum selenium in patients with short bowel syndrome. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 976980 [GF Combs, Jr, JE, Spallholz, OA, Levander & JE, Oldfield, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Abdullev, GM (1976) Selenium levels in healthy subjects and those with certain haematological diseases. Selen v Biologii 1, 136139.Google Scholar
Ahlrot-Westerlund, B, Plantin, LO, Savic, I, Siden, A, Svensson, J (1987) Selenium in plasma, erythrocytes, and platelets from patients with multiple sclerosis. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 981984 [GF Combs, Jr, JE, Spallholz, OA, Levander & JE, Oldfield, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Aihara, K, Nishi, Y, Hatano, S, Kihura, M, Yoshimitsu, K, Takeichi, N, Ito, T, Ezaki, H & Usui, T(1984) Zinc, copper, manganese and selenium metabolism in thyroid disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 2635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Åkesson, B, Johansson, U (1987) Selenium status in patients with liver cirrhosis. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 968975 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Alegria, A, Barbera, R, Farre, R, Ferrer, E, Legarda, MJ & Torres, MA (1998) Optimization of selenium determination in human milk and whole blood by flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists International 81, 457461.Google ScholarPubMed
Alfthan, G (1988) Longitudinal study on the selenium status of healthy adults in Finland during 1975–1984. Nutrition Research 8, 467476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alfthan, G, Aro, A, Arvilommi, H & Huttunen, JK (1991) Selenium metabolism and platelet glutathione peroxidase activity in health Finnish men: effects of selenium yeast, selenite, and selenate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 120125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alfthan, G, Bogye, G, Aro, A & Feher, J (1992) The human selenium status in Hungary. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 6, 233238.Google ScholarPubMed
Allan, CB, Lacourciere, GM & Stadtman, TC (1999) Responsiveness of selenoproteins to dietary selenium. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 19, 116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allard, JP, Aghdassi, E, Chau, J, Salit, I & Walmsley, S (1998) Oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant nutrients in humans with HIV infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 143147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allaway, WH, Cary, EE, Ehlig, CF (1967) The cycling of low levels of selenium in soils, plants and animals. In Selenium in Biomedicine, pp. 273296 [Muth, OH, Oldfield, JE & Weswig, PH, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Allaway, WH, Kubota, J, Losee, F & Roth, M (1968) Selenium, molybdenum and vanadium in human blood. Archives in Environmental Health 16, 342348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allaway, WH, Moore, DP, Oldfield, JE & Muth, OH (1966) Movement of physiological levels of selenium from soils to plants to animals. Journal of Nutrition 88, 411418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anttolainen, M, Valsta, LM, Alfthan, G, Keemola, P, Salminen, I & Tamminen, M (1996) Effect of extreme fish consumption on dietary and plasma antioxidant levels and fatty acid composition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 741746.Google ScholarPubMed
Arnaud, J, Favier, A, Zarski, JP, Rachall, M, Labadie, H, Beaugrand, M (1988) Serum selenium in alcoholic disease Selenium in Medicine and Biology, pp. 273276. [Neève, J, Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Arnaud, J, Prual, A, Preziosi, P, Cherouvrier, F, Favier, A, Galan, P & Hercberg, S (1993) Effect of iron supplementation during pregnancy on trace element (Cu, Se, Zn) concentrations in serum and breast milk from Nigerian women. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, 262271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aro, A & Alfthan, G (1998) Effects of selenium supplementation of fertilizers on human nutrition and selenium status. In Environmental Chemistry of Selenium, pp. 8197 [FrankenbergerJrand, WT, Engberg, RA, editors]. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Aro, A, Alfthan, G, Varo, P (1989) Se supplementation of fertilizers has increased the Se intake and serum-Se concentration of Finnish people. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine pp. 242245 [Wendel, A, editors]. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aro, A, Alfthan, G & Varo, P (1995) Effects of supplementation of fertilizers on human selenium status in Finland. Analyst 120, 841843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aro, A, Kumpulainen, J, Alfthan, G, Voshenko, A & Ivanov, V (1994) Factors affecting the selenium intake of people in Transbaikalian Russia. Biological Trace Elements Research 40, 277285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arthur, JR, Nicol, F & Beckett, GJ (1993) Selenium deficiency, thyroid hormone metabolism, and thyroid hormone deiodinases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 236S239S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvilommi, H, Poikonen, L, Jokinen, I, Muukkonen, O, Rasenen, L, Foreman, J & Huttenen, JK (1983) Selenium and immune functions in humans. Infection and Immunology 41, 185189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashour, MN, Salem, SI, El-Gadban, HM, Elwan, NM & Basu, TK (1999) Antioxidant status in children with protein–calorie malnutrition (PEM) living in Cairo, Egypt. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 669673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aursnes, I, Smith, PB, Arnesen, H & Åkesson, B (1988) Correlation between plasma levels of selenium and antithrombin-III. European Journal of Haematology 40, 711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Azzini, M, Girelli, D, Olivieri, O, Guarini, P, Stanzial, AM, Frigo, A, Milanino, R, Bambara, LM & Carrocher, R (1995) Fatty acids and antioxidant micronutrients in psoriatic arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 22, 103108.Google ScholarPubMed
Backovic, D, Marinkovic, J, Jorga, J, Pavlica, M, Maksimovic, Z & Nikolic, M (1999) Environmental factors, health-related habits, and serum selenium levels in cancer patients and healthy controls. Biological Trace Elements Research 67, 5562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barclay, MNI, MacPherson, A & Dixon, J (1995) Selenium content of a range of UK foods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 8, 307318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrington, JW, Lindsay, P, James, D, Smith, S & Roberts, A (1996) Selenium deficiency and miscarriage: a possible link?. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 103, 130132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, MA (1997) Rapid genomic evolution of a non-virulent Coxsackievirus B3 in selenium-deficient mice. Biomedical and Environmental Science 10, 307315.Google ScholarPubMed
Beck, MA, Kolbeck, PC, Rohr, LH, Morris, VC & Levander, OA (1994) Benign human enterovirus becomes virulent in selenium-deficient mice. Journal of Medical Virology 43, 166170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, MA, Kolbeck, PC, Shi, Q, Rohr, LH, Morris, VC & Levander, OA (1994) Increased virulence of a human enterovirus (Coxsackievirus B3) in selenium-deficient mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170, 351357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, MA, Shi, Q, Morris, VC & Levander, OA (1995) Rapid genomic evolution of a non-virulent Coxsackievirus B3 in selenium-deficient mice results in selection of identical virulent isolates. Nature Medicine 1, 433436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beguin, Y, Bours, V, Delbrouck, JM, Robave, G, Roelands, I, Bury, J, Fillet, G & Weber, G (1989) Relationship of serum selenium levels to tumor activity in acute and non-lymphocytic leukemia. Carcinogenesis 10, 20892091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behne, D, Kyriakopoeulos, A, Weiss-Nowak, C, Kalckloesch, M, Westphal, C & Gessner, H (1996) Newly found selenium-containing proteins in the tissues of the rat. Biological Trace Elements Research 55, 99110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behne, D & Wolters, W (1979) Selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in the plasma and erythrocytes of non-pregnant and pregnant women. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 17, 133135.Google ScholarPubMed
Bellisola, G, Perona, G, Galassini, S, Moschini, G & Guidi, GC (1993) Plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase activities in individuals living in the Veneto region of Italy. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 7, 242244.Google ScholarPubMed
Beker, D, Romíc, Z, KrŠnjavi, H & Zima, Z (1992) A contribution to the world selenium map. Biological Trace Elements Research 33, 4349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benemariya, H, Robercht, H & Deestra, H (1993) Daily dietary intake of copper, zinc and selenium by different population groups in Burundi, Africa. Science of the Total Environment 136, 4976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergmann, S, Neumeister, V, Siekmeier, R, Mix, C, Wahrburg, U & Jaross, W (1998) Food supply abundant increase of serum selenium concentrations in middle-aged Dresden women between 1990 and 1996. Toxicology Letters 96-97, 181187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, MJ, Bannu, L, Harney, JW & Larsen, PR (1993) Functional characterization of the eukaryotic SECIS elements which direct selenocysteine insertion at UGA codons. EMBO Journal 12, 33153322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibow, K, Meltzer, H, Holm, H, Norheim, G & A, Wendel (1989) Blood selenium levels of Norwegians compared to their Se intakes. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine 234237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibow, K, Meltzer, H, Mundal, H, Paulsen, I & Holm, H (1993) Platelet selenium as indicator of wheat selenium intake. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 7, 171176.Google ScholarPubMed
Bird, SM, Uden, PC, Tyson, JF, Block, E & Denoyer, E (1997) Speciation of selenoamino acids and organoselenium compounds in selenium-enriched yeast using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 12, 785788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjørneboe, G, Johnson, J, Bjørneboe, A, Bach-Wiig, J, Mørland, J & Drevon, CA (1988) Diminished serum concentration of vitamin E in alcoholics. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 32, 5661.Google ScholarPubMed
Blot, WJ, Li, JY, Taylor, PR, Guo, W, Dawsey, S, Wang, GQ, Yang, CS, Zheng, SF, Gail, M, Li, GY, Liu, BQ, Tangrea, J, Sun, YH, Liu, F, Fraumeni, F, Zhang, YH & Li, B (1993) Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, 14831490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonomini, M, Forster, S, Manfrini, V, De Risio, F, Steiner, MI, Vidovich, MI, Klinkmann, H, Ivanovich, P & Albertazzi, A (1996) Geographic factors and plasma seleniumin uremia and dialysis. Nephron 72, 197204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonomini, M, Manfrini, V, Marini, A, De Risio, F, Niri, L, Klinkmann, H & Albertazzi, A (1995) Hemodialysis with regenerated cellulosic membrane does not reduce plasma selenium levels in chronic uremic patients. Artificial Organs 19, 8185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borglund, M & Åkesson, B (1987) Effect of selenium supplementation on the distribution of selenium in plasma proteins of healthy subjects. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 58, 97102.Google Scholar
Bortoli, A, Fassin, G, Marchiori, M, Mellow, R, Brugiolo, R & Martelli, F (1990) Selenium status and effects of selenium supplementation in a group of elderly women. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 5, 1921.Google Scholar
Bratakos, MS & Ioannou, P (1989) The regional distribution of selenium in Greek cereals. Science of the Total Environment 84, 237247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bratakos, MS, Kanaki, H, Vasiliov-Waite, A & Ioannou, P (1990) The nutritional selenium status of healthy Greeks. Science of the Total Environment 96, 161176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratakos, MS, Vouterakos, TP & Ioannou, PV (1990) Selenium status of cancer patients in Greece. Science of the Total Environment 92, 207222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BrNtter, P, Negretti, V, Rosick, V, Jaffé, W, Menez, H, Tovar, G (1984) Effect of selenium intake in man at high dietary levels of seleniferous areas of Venezuela. In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, vol. 3, pp. 2946 [Brätter, p & Schramel, P, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Bro, S, Berendtsen, H, Norgaard, J, Host, A & Norgensen, P (1988) Serum selenium concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relation to course and outcome and pregnancy. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 2, 165169.Google Scholar
Brtková, A, Magálová, T, Babinská, K & Béderová, A (1994) Serum selenium levels in Slovak population. Biological Trace Elements Research 46, 163171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brune, D, Samsahl, K & Wester, PO (1996) A comparison between the amounts of As, Au, Br, Cu, Fe, Mo, Se and Zn in normal and uraemic human whole blood by means of neutron activiation analysis. Clinica Chimica Acta 13, 285291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bukkens, S, de Vos, N, Kok, F, Schouten, E, de Bruijin, A & Hofman, A (1990) Selenium status and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Dutch subjects. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 9, 128135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burguera, J, Burguera, M, Gallignani, M, Alarcon, O & Burguera, J (1990) Blood serum selenium in the province of Merida, Venezuela, related to sex, cancer incidence and soil selenium content. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 4, 7377.Google ScholarPubMed
Burk, RF (1986) Selenium and cancer: meaning of serum selenium levels. Journal of Nutrition 116, 15841586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burk, KE, Bedford, RG, Combs, GF, French, I & Skeffington, DR (1992) The effect of topical L-selenomethionine on minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet irradiation in humans. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology Photomedicine 9, 16.Google Scholar
Burk, RF, Pearson, WN, Wood, RP & Viteri, F (1967) Blood selenium levels and in vitro red blood cell uptake of 75Se in kwashiorkor. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20, 723733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burrini, C, Ghinassi, A, Borghi, G & Fuzzi, G (1993) Determination of normal levels of selenium in blood serum by GFAAS. Giornale Ital in Chimica Clinica 18, 2733.Google Scholar
Butler, J, Thomson, C, Whanger, P & Robinson, M (1991) Selenium distribution in blood fractions of New Zealand women taking organic or inorganic selenium. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 748754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cai, XJ, Uden, PC, Block, E, Zhang, X, Sullivan, JJ & Quimby, BD (1994) Allium chemistry: identification of natural abundance organoselenium compounds volative from garlic, elephant garlic, onions, Chinese chives by headspace gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, 20812084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, XJ, Block, E, Uden, PC, Zhang, X, Sullivan, JJ & Quimby, BD (1995) Allium chemistry: identification of selenoamino acids in ordinary and selenium-enriched garlic, onion and broccoli using gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43, 17541757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calautti, P, Moschine, G, Stievano, BM, Tomio, L, Calzarava, F & Perona, G (1980) Serum selenium levels in malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 23, 6366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calomme, M, Hu, J, van den Branden, K & van den Berghe, DA (1995 a) Seleno-Lactobaccillus. An organic selenium source. Biological Trace Elements Research 47, 379383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calomme, M, van den Branden, K & Van den Berghe, DA (1995 b) Selenium and Lactobaccillus species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 79, 331340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Y, Liu, H, Xiang, C & Zhou, X (1997) Preparation of instant gruel for selenium supplement. Faming Sheqing Gongkai Shoumingshu.Google Scholar
Casaril, M, Stanzial, AM, Menini, C, Olivieri, O, Girelli, D, Corso, F, Gandini, G, Pinto, F & Corrocher, R (1995) Serum selenium in a healthy population in the Venetian region: relationships with age, sex, weight and alcohol intake. European Journal of Medicine 3, 3539.Google Scholar
Casiot, C, Vacchina, V, Chassaigne, H, Szpunar, J, Potin-Gautier, M & Lobinski, R (1999) An approach to the identification of selenium species in yeast extracts using pneumatically-assisted electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Communications 36, 7780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceballos-Picot, I, Merad-Boudia, M, Nicole, A, Thevenin, M, Hellier, G, Legrin, S & Berr, C (1996) Peripheral antioxidant enzyme activities and selenium in elderly subjects and in dementia of Alzheimer's type-place of the extracellular glutathione peroxidase. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 20, 579587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cenac, A, Simonoff, M, Moretto, P & Djibo, A (1992) A low plasma selenium is a risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy: A comparative study in Sahelian Africa. International Journal of Cardiology 36, 5759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaitchik, S, Shenberg, C, Nir-El, Y & Mantel, M (1988) The distribution of selenium in human blood samples of Israeli population-comparison between normal and breast cancer cases. Biological Trace Elements Research 15, 205212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, CK, Liaw, JM, Juang, JC & Lin, TH (1997) Antioxidant enzymes and trace elements in hemodialyzed patients. Biological Trace Elements Research 58, 149157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, L (1999) Effect of selenium fertilizer on selenium amount and quality of kiwifruit. Jishou Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 20, 5052.Google Scholar
Chou, HT, Yang, HL, Tsou, SS, Ho, RK, Pai, PY & Hsu, HB (1998) Status of trace elements in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in central Taiwan. Chug Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 61, 193198.Google ScholarPubMed
Chu, YJ, Liu, QY, Hou, C & Yu, SY (1984) Blood selenium concentration in residents of areas in China having a high incidence of lung cancer. Biological Trace Elements Research 6, 133137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, LC, Combs, GF, Turnbull, BW, Slate, E, Alberts, D, Abele, D, Allison, R, Bradshaw, J, Chalker, D, Chow, J, Curtis, D, Dalen, J, Davis, L, Deal, R & Dellasega, M (1996) The nutritional prevention of cancer with selenium 1983–1993: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 276, 19571963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, LC, Dalkin, B, Krongrad, A, Combs, GF, Turnbull, BW, Slate, EH, Witherington, R, Herlong, JH, Janosko, E, Carpenter, D, Borosso, C, Falk, S & Rounder, J (1998) Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: Results of a double-blind cancer prevention trial. British Journal of Urology 81, 730734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, L, Hixon, L, Combs, G, Patel, N, Reid, M & Sampliner, R (1993) Plasma selenium concentrations predict the rate of colorectal neoplastic polyps. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2, 4146.Google Scholar
Clausen, J, Nielsen, SA & Kristensen, M (1989) Biochemical and clinical effects of an antioxidant supplementation of geriatric patients: A double blind study. Biological Trace Elements Research 20, 135151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Combs GF, jr (1989) Selenium Nutrition and Cancer Prevention, pp. 389420 [T, Moon & M, Micozzi, editors]. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Combs, GF jr (1994) Essentiality and toxicity of selenium: a critique of the recommended dietary allowance and the reference dose. In Risk Assessment of Essential Elements pp. 167183 [W, Mertz, CO, Abernathy & SS, Olin, editors]. Washington, DC: ILSI Press.Google Scholar
Combs, GF, Clark, LC (1999) Selenium and cancer. In Nutritional Oncology pp. 215222 [Heber, D, Blackburn, GL & Go, VLW, editors]. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Combs, GF & Combs, SB (1986 a) Selenium in the environment. In The Role of Selenium in Nutrition, pp. 1540,New York, NYAcademic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combs, GF & Combs, SB (1986 b) Selenium in foods and feeds. In The Role of Selenium in Nutrition pp. 41126,New York, NYAcademic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combs, GF & Combs, SB (1986 c) The biological availability of selenium in foods and feeds. In The Role of Selenium in Nutrition pp. 127177,New York, NYAcademic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combs, GF & Combs, SB (1986 d) Effects of selenium excesses. In The Role of Selenium in Nutrition pp. 463525,New York, NYAcademic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combs, GF & Gray, WP (1998) Chemopreventive agents: selenium. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 79, 179192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Combs, GF & , J (2001) Mechanisms of selenium anticarcinogenesis Physiological Reviews (In the Press).Google Scholar
Coudry, C, Roussel, A, Arnaud, J & Favier, A (1997) EVA Study Group Selenium and antioxidant vitamin and lipoperoxidation levels in preaging French population. Biological Trace Elements Research 57, 183190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cser, MA, Sziklai-Laszlo, I, Menzel, H & Lombeck, I (1992) Elevated selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities correlate with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in juvenile diabetes. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University. p. 127 (abstract).Google Scholar
Cser, MA, Sziklai-Laszlo, I, Menzel, H & Lombeck, I (1996) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in Hungarian children. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 10, 167173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cumming, F, Fardy, JJ & Woodward, DR (1992) Selenium and human lactation in Australia: Milk and blood selenium levels in lactating women and selenium intakes of their breast-fed infants. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 81, 292295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damyanova, AA, Akanle, OB & Spyrov, M (1987) Changes in the elemental content of blood components by selenium supplementation in humans. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 113, 431436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darling, G, Mathias, P, O'Regan, M & Naughten, E (1992) Serum selenium levels in individuals on PKU diets. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 15, 769773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darlow, BA, Inder, TE, Graham, PJ, Sluis, KB, Malpas, TJ, Taylor, BJ & Winterborn, CC (1995) The relationship of selenium status to respiratory outcome in the very low birth weight infant. Pediatrics 96, 314319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dastych, M, Koutnik, V & Docekalova, H (1997) Selenium in human and food chain in south Moravian region. Klinische Biochemishe und Metabolism 5, 233236.Google Scholar
Demirci, A & Pometto, AL (1999) Production of organically bound selenium yeast by continuous fermentation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 47, 24912495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhindsa, HS, Bergmingham, MA, Mierzwa, J & Sullivan, D (1998) Plasma selenium concentrations in a Sikh population in Sydney, Australia. Analyst 123, 885887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, R & Tomlinson, R (1967) Selenium in blood and human tissues. Clinica Chimica Acta 16, 311321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Djujic, I, Djujic, B & Trajkovic, L (1995) Dietary intake of selenium in Serbia: results for 1991. Naucni Skupovi (Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti). Odeljenje Prirodno-Matematickih Nauka 6, 8187.Google Scholar
Drobner, C, Röhrig, B, Anke, M, Thomas, G (1997) Selenium intake of adults in Germany depending on sex, time, living area and type of diet. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals-9, pp. 158159 [Fischer, PWF, L'Abbé, MR, Cockell, KA, Gibson, RS, editors]. Ottawa: NRC Research Press.Google Scholar
Duan, Y & Fu, T (1997) Absorption of Se by garlic and effects of Se on growth of garlic. Guangdong Weiliang Yuansu Kexue 4, 5255.Google Scholar
Dubois, F, Nicholas, B, Hoffman, R, Belleville, F, Paysant, P, Kessler, M, Jonon, B, Cao-Huu, T (1988) Blood selenium glutathione peroxidase and cadmium in chronic renal failure patients. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 289292 [Nève, J & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducros, V, Faure, P, Ferry, M, Couzy, F, Biajoux, I & Favier, A (1997) The sizes of the exchangeable pools of selenium in elderly women and their relation to institutionalization. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 379396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duffield, AJ & Thomson, CD (1999) A comparison of methods of assessment of dietary selenium intakes in Otago, New Zealand. British Journal of Nutrition 82, 131138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutta, SK, Miller, PA, Greenberg, LB & Levander, OA (1983) Selenium and acute alcoholism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 713718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dworkin, B, Newman, LJ, Berezin, S, Rosenthal, WS, Schwarz, SM & Weiss, L (1987) Low blood selenium levels in patients with cystic fibrosis compared to controls and healthy adults. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 11, 3841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dworkin, BM & Rosenthal, WS (1984) Selenium and the alcoholic. Lancet 31, 10151022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Amri, FA, El-Saltani, HA, Dogadkin, NN & Ashour, IA (1994) Determination of trace elements in normal and diabetic whole blood by neutron activation analysis. Biological Trace Elements Research 43–45, 383388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Bayoumy, K (1991) The role of selenium in cancer prevention. In Practice of Oncology, 4th ed., pp. 115 [DeVita, VT, Hellman, S & Rosenberg, SS, editors]. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.Google Scholar
Ellis, N, Lloyd, B, Lloyd, RS & Clayton, BE (1984) Selenium and vitamin E, in relation to risk factors for coronary heart disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 37, 200206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ermakov, VV (1992) Biogeochemical regioning problems and the biochemical selenium provinces of the former USSR. Biological Trace Element Research 33, 171185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, DS, Smith, DK (1987) Comparison of selenium status in healthy patients from a low-selenium area with that of multiple sclerosis. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine, vol. B, 985991 [Combs Jr, GF, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA, Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Banares, F, Dolz, C, Mingorance, MN, Cabre, E, Lachica, M, Abda-Lacruz, A, Gil, A, Estreve, M, Gine, J & Gassul, M (1990) Low serum selenium concentration in a healthy population resident in Catalunya: a preliminary report. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 225229.Google Scholar
Ferrer, E, Alegria, A, Barbera, R, Farre, R, Lagarda, MJ & Monleon, J (1999) Whole blood selenium content in pregnant women. Science of the Total Environment 227, 139143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finley, JW (1999) The retention and distribution by healthy young men of stable isotopes of selenium consumed as selenite, selenate or hydroponically-grown broccoli are dependent on the isotopic form. Journal of Nutrition 129, 865871.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleming, GA (1962) Selenium in Irish soils and plants. Soil Science 94, 2835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, GA & Walsh, T (1957) Selenium occurrence in certain Irish soils and its toxic effect on animals. Royal Irish Academy Proceedings 58, 151156.Google Scholar
Fleming, C, Lie, J, McCall, J, O'Brien, J, Baille, E & Thistle, JL (1982) Selenium deficiency and fatal cardiomyopathy in a patient on home parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 83, 689693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, JW, Hinks, LJ & Lloyd, B (1987) Reduced plasma and white blood cell selenium levels in haemodialysis patients. Clinica Chimica Acta 164, 323328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forrer, R, Gautschi, K & Lutz, H (1991) Comparative determination of selenium in serum of various animal species and humans by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 5, 101113.Google ScholarPubMed
Gambhir, JK & Lali, P (1996) Blood selenium levels in Indians: Delhi area. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 11, 148151.Google Scholar
Ganther, HE (1999) Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. Carcinogenesis 20, 16571666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gasmi, A, Garnier, R, Galliot-Guilley, M, Gaudillat, C, Quartenoud, B, Buisine, A & Djebbar, D (1997) Acute selenium poisoning. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 39, 304308.Google ScholarPubMed
Gebre-Medhin, M, Gustavson, KH, Gamstorp, I & Plantin, LO (1985) Selenium supplementation in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 74, 886890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerber, M, Richardson, S, Chappuis, P (1998) Selenium and other antioxidants in breast cancer. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology, pp. 263266 [J, Nève & A, Favier, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Gibson, RS, Martinez, O & MacDonald, A (1985) The zinc, copper and selenium status of a selected sample of Canadian elderly women. Gerontology 40, 2630.Google ScholarPubMed
Gissel-Nielsen, G (1975) Selenium concentration in Danish forage crops. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica 25, 216220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gissel-Nielsen, G (1998) Effects of selenium supplementation of field crops. In Environmental Chemistry of Selenium, pp. 99112 [WT, Frankenberger #Jr & RA, Engberg, editors]. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Gladyshev, VN, Jeang, KT, Wooton, JC & Hatfield, DL (1998) A new human selenium-containing protein. Purification, characterization and cDNA sequence. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 89108915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glattre, E, Thomassen, Y, Thoresen, S, Haldorsen, T, Lund-Larsen, P, Theodorsen, L & Aaseth, J (1989) Prediagnostic selenium in a case-control study of thyroid cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology 18, 4549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golubkina, NA (1994) Selenium intake of Briansk region population living in radionuclide-contaminated areas. Voprosy Pitania 4, 36.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA (1997) Selenium content in wheat and rye flour of Russia, CSC and Baltic. Voprosy Pitania 7, 1720.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA & Alfthan, GV (1999) The human selenium status in 27 regions of Russia. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 13, 1520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golubkina, NA, Baturin, AK, Shagova, MV & Martinchik, AN (1998) Human selenium status in Altay region. Voprosy Pitania 8, 1618.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA, Mal'tsev, G, Bogdanov, NG, Vlaskina, S, Alekseeva, IA & Khotimchenko, SA (1995) Selenium status of the inhabitants in the Kaluga region. Voprosy Pitania 5, 1315.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA, Parfenova, EO & Rehsetnik, LA (1998 b) The human selenium status in Irkutsk region. Voprosy Pitania 8, 2426.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA, Shagova, MV & Spirichev, VB (1996) Selenium status of different population groups of the Bashkortostan Republic. Voprosy Pitania 6, 35.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA, Shagova, MV, Spirichev, VB, Khristenko, PP, Alfthan, D, Laaksonsen, P, Muratov, IM & Vachaeva, NN (1992) The selenium content of food products and the blood of inhabitants of Norilsk. Voprosy Pitania 2, 4345.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA & Sokolov, IA (1997) Level of selenium supply for inhabitants of the Northern economic area of Russia. Gigiena I Sanitariia 3, 2224.Google Scholar
Golubkina, NA, Sokolov, YA, Hotimchenko, SA, Tutelyan, VA, Zolotov, PA, Olezhko-Ozhevsky, YP, Zhminchenko, VM, Amanova, IY & Mepenzina, OL (1996) Selenium-enriched yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioteckhnologiya 5, 5256.Google Scholar
Gondi, F, Pantó, G, Fehér, J, Bogye, G & Alfthan, G (1992) Selenium in Hungary: The rock-soil-human system. Biological Trace Elements Research 35, 299306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, WJ, Lane, HW, Bradford, K, Marshall, MV, Griffen, AC, Geopfert, H & Jesse, RH (1983) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Cancer 51, 110115.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grandjean, P, Nielsen, G, Jorgensen, P & Hormer, H (1992) Reference intervals for trace elements in blood: significance of risk factors. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 52, 321337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, NM & Thomson, CD (1974) Selenium in whole blood of New Zealand residents. New Zealand Medical Journal 80, 199202.Google ScholarPubMed
Güneral, F & Sunguroğlu, (1995) Fluorometric determination of selenium in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. Tropical Journal of Medical Science 23, 151154.Google Scholar
Guo, P, Xu, JH, Chang, SY, Xu, SJ & Wang, K (1997) Hydrogen peroxide production in chondrocytes induced by fulvic acid and inhibited by selenium. Shengwu Huaxue Zazhi 13, 103107.Google Scholar
Guvenoc, H, Karataos, F & Guvenoc, M (1995) Low levels of selenium in mothers and their newborns in pregnancies with a neural tube defect. Pediatrics 95, 879882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hai, VD, Thuy, DH, Bao, DT & Vuong, DH (1984) First investigation on blood selenium of Vietnamese. Reviews in Pharmacology 24, 811.Google Scholar
Hansen, JC, Kromann, N, Wulf, HC & Albøge, K (1984) Selenium and interrelationship with mercury in whole blood and hair in an east Greenlandic population. Science of the Total Environment 38, 3340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardell, L, Danell, M, Nngqvist, CA, Marklund, SL, Fredriksson, M, Zakari, A & Kjellgren, A (1993) Levels of selenium in plasma and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and the risk of breast cancer: A case-control study. Biological Trace Elements Research 36, 99108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardell, L, Degerman, A, Tomic, R, Marklund, SL & Bergors, M (1995) Levels of selenium in plasma and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in patients with prostate cancer or benign hyperplasia. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 4, 9195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, I, Littlejohn, D & Fell, GS (1996) Distribution of selenium in human blood plasma and serum. Analyst 121, 189194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatano, S, Aihara, K, Nishi, Y & Usui, T (1985) Trace elements (copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium) in plasma and erythrocytes in relation to dietary intake during pregnancy. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, 8792.Google Scholar
He, S (1996) Health margarine containing gamma-linoleic acid and selenium. Faming Sheqing Gongkai Shoumingshu.Google Scholar
Hegoczki, J, Suhajda, A, Janzso, B & Vereczky, G (1997) Yeast enriched with trace elements as a new type of trace element source. Elelmezesi Ipar 51, 338341.Google Scholar
Hill, KE, Lloyd, RS, Yang, JG, Read, R & Burk, RF (1991) The cDNA for rat selenoprotein P, contains 10 TGA codons in the open reading frame. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 1005010053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, KE, Xia, Y, Åkesson, B, Boeglin, ME & Burk, RF (1996) Selenoprotein P, concentration in plasma is an index of selenium status in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented Chinese subjects. Journal of Nutrition 126, 138145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinks, LJ, Inwards, KD, Lloyd, B & Clayton, B (1988) Reduced concentrations of selenium in mild Crohn's disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 41, 198201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, X & Ding, R (1998) Production of selenium-rich tea in selenium-low plantation. Turang (Nanjing) 30, 3135.Google Scholar
Huang, Y, Yan, G, Wang, G, Chen, Y & Luo, Q (1997) Selenium contents in Se-rich mushroom. Yunnan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 19, 341343.Google Scholar
Hughes, K & Ong, CN (1998) Vitamins, selenium, iron and coronary heart disease risk in Indians, Malays and Chinese in Singapore. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health 57, 181185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussein, L & Bruggeman, J (1999) Selenium analysis of selected Egyptian foods and estimated daily intakes among a population group. Food Chemistry 65, 527532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, H, Kashiwazaki, H, Suzuki, T, Kabuto, M, Himeno, S, Watanabe, C, Moji, K, Kim, SW, Rivera, JO & Takemoto, TI (1995) Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in blood in an Andean high-altitude population. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 41, 349361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, H, Suzuki, T, Kashiwazaki, H, Takemoto, T, Izumi, T & Moji, K (1990) Dietary habit and selenium concentrations in erythrocyte and serum in a group of middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Nutrition Research 10, 12051214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ip, C (1998) Lessons from basic research in selenium and cancer prevention. Journal of Nutrition 128, 18451854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Birringer, M, Block, E, Kotrebai, M, Tyson, JF, Uden, PC & Lisk, DJ (2000 a) Chemical speciation influences comparative activity of selenium-enriched garlic and yeast in mammary cancer prevention. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, 20622070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C & Ganther, H (1990 b) Activity of methylated forms of selenium in cancer prevention. Cancer Research 50, 12061211.Google ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Ganther, H (1993) Novel strategies in selenium cancer chemoprevention research. In Selenium in Biology and Human Health pp. 170180 [Burk, RF, editor]. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Ip, C & Lisk, D (1994) Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products. Carcinogenesis 15, 573576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Lisk, DJ & Stoewsand, GS (1992) Mammary cancer prevention by regular garlic and selenium-enriched garlic. Nutrition and Cancer 17, 279286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Thompson, HJ, Zhu, Z & Ganther, HE (2000) In vitro and in vivo studies of methylselenic acid: evidence that a monomethylated selenium metabolite is critical for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Research 60, 28822886.Google ScholarPubMed
Iwanier, K & Zachara, BA (1995) Selenium supplementation enhances the element concentration in blood and seminal fluid but does not change the spermatozoal quality characteristics in subfertile men. Journal of Andrology 16, 441447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, GV (1984) Reference values for elemental concentrations in some human samples of clinical interest: A preliminary evaluation. Science of the Total Environment 38, 125131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, S & Plantin, LO (1985) Concentration of selenium in plasma and erythrocytes during total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease. Gut 26, 5054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janghorbani, M, Xia, YM, Whanger, PD, Butler, JA, Olesik, JW & Grunwald, E (1999) Effect of dietary selenium restriction on selected parameters of selenium status in men with high life-long intake. Journal of Nutrition Biochemistry 10, 564572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jiang, Y & Xu, G (1989) The relativity between some epidemiological characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease and selenium deficiency. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine 263269. [Wendel, A, editors]. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jochum, F, Terwolbeck, K, Meinhold, H, Behne, D, Menzel, H & Lombeck, I (1999) Is there any health risk of low dietary selenium supply in PKU-children?. Nutrition Research 19, 349360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joint FoodSafety and Standards Group (1999) Food Surveillance Information Sheet: Dietary Intake of Selenium, no. 126, LondonMinistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.Google Scholar
Judson, GJ & Reuter, DJ (1998) Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual. 325329UrrbraeSouth Australia Research and Development Institute.Google Scholar
Kadrabová, J, Madaric, A & Ginter, E (1998) Determination of the daily selenium intake in Slovakia. Biological Trace Elements Research 61, 277286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadrabová, J, Madárič, A, Kováčiková, Z & Ginter, E (1995) Selenium status, plasma zinc, copper and magnesium in vegetarians. Biological Trace Elements Research 50, 1324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadrabová, J, Madárič, A, Kováčiková, Z, Podivínsky, F & Ginter, E (1996 a) Gazdík Selenium status is decreased in patients with intrinsic asthma. Biological Trace Elements Research 50, 241248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadrabová, J, Madárič, A, Šustrová, M & Ginter, E (1996 b) Changed serum trace element profile in Down's syndrome. Biological Trace Elements Research 54, 201206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kant, AK, Moser-Veillon, PB & Reynolds, RD (1989) Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, magnesium and selenium of young, middle-ages and older men. Nutrition Research 9, 717724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantola, M, Mand, E, Viitak, A, Juravskaja, J, Purkunen, R, Vartianen, T, Saarikoski, S & Pasanen, M (1997) Selenium contents of serum and human milk from Finland and neighboring countries. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine 10, 225232.3.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, J, Lundgren, G & Rρnneberg, R (1996) Plasma selenium in healthy man before and after nutratherapy International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 67, 2733.Google Scholar
Kasperek, K, Lombeck, I, Keim, J, Iyengar, GV, Wang, YX, Feinendegen, LE & Bremer, HJ (1982) Platelet selenium in children with normal and low selenium intake. Biological Trace Elements Research 4, 2934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kauppila, A, MNkilN, U, Korpela, H, Viinikka, L, YrjNnheikki, E (1987) Relationship of serum selenium and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, 9961001 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Kauppila, A, Sundström, H, Korpela, H, Viinikka, L, YrjNnheikki, E & HT, haler-Dao (1984) Serum selenium and gynecological cancer: Effect of selenium supplementation on plasma malondialdehyde and serum glutathione peroxidase. In Icosanoids and Cancer, pp. 263266 [Thaler-Dao, H, editor]. New York, NY: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Kavas-Ogly, AA, Lutfullaev, FE, Rafiev, AN, Onishenko, VA, Abbasova, BA, Rish, MA (1995) Selenium intakes by inhabitants of the Samarkland oasis. In Mengen-Spurenelem., Arbeitstag 18th pp. 395399 [Anke, M, editor]. Leipsig: Verlag Harald Schubert.Google Scholar
Keshan Disease Research Group (1979) Observations on effect of sodium selenite in prevention of Keshan Disease. Acta Academia Medica Sinica 1, 7583.Google Scholar
KivelN, SL, MNenpNN, P, Nissinen, A, Alfthan, G, Punsar, S, Enlund, H & Puska, P (1989) Vitamin A, vitamin, E, and selenium status in an aged Finnish male population. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 59, 373380.Google Scholar
Klapec, T, Mandic, ML, Grigic, J, Primorac, L, Ikic, M, Lovric, T, Grigic, Z & Herceg, Z (1998) Daily dietary intake of selenium in eastern Croatia. Science of the Total Environment 217, 127136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knekt, P, Aromaa, A, Maatela, J, Alfthan, G, Aaran, RK, Hakama, M, Hakulinen, T, Peto, R & Teppo, L (1990) Serum selenium and subsequent risk of cancer among Finnish men and women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82, 864868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kocyigit, A, Erel, O, Gurel, MS, Avci, S & Aktepe, N (1998) Alterations of serum selenium, zinc, copper and iron concentrations and some related antioxidant activities in patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Biological Trace Elements Research 65, 271281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koehler, H, Peters, H, Pankau, H & Duck, HJ (1988) Selenium in cardiology and angiology. Biological Trace Elements Research 15, 157166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kok, FJ, Hofman, A (1989) Selenium status and cardiovascular disease: Dutch epidemiologic data. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine, pp. 214218 [Wendel, A, editors]. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopsell, DA & Randall, WM (1999) Selenium accumulation in a rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea population responds to increasing sodium selenate concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition 22, 927937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korpela, H, Loueniva, R, Yrajanheikki, E & Kauppila, A (1984) Selenium concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood, placenta and amniotic membranes. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 54, 257261.Google ScholarPubMed
Korpela, H, Nuutinen, LS & Kumpulainen, J (1989) Low serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients receiving short-term total parenteral nutrition. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 59, 8084.Google ScholarPubMed
Koranova, V, Skodova, Z, Dedina, J, Valenta, Z, , Parizek, Pisa, Z & Styblo, M (1993) Serum selenium in adult Czechoslovakia (Central Bohemia) population. Biological Trace Elements Research 37, 91100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köse, K, Dogan, P, Kardas, Y & Saraymen, R (1996) Plasma selenium levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Biological Trace Elements Research 53, 5156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kotrebai, M, Birringer, M, Tyson, JH, Block, E & Uden, PC (2000 a) Selenium speciation in enriched and natural samples by HPLC–ICP–MS and HPLC–ESI–MS with perfluorinated carboxylic acid ion-pairing agents. Analyst 125, 7178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kotrebai, M, Tyson, JH, Block, E & Uden, PC (2000 b) High-performance liquid chromatography of selenium compounds utilizing perfluorinated carboxylic acid ion-pairing agents and inductively coupled plasma and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography 866, 5163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koyama, H, Watanabe, C, Satoh, H, Hosokai, H & Tamura, S (1995) Consistent relationship between selenium and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations in the sera of fasting middle-aged male abstainers and regular consumers of alcohol. Biological Trace Elements Research 50, 3342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KrNmer, K, Look, MP, Chrissafidou, A, Karsten, S & Areads, J (1996) Selen und tumarerkrankugen (Selenium and tumourigenesis. Aktuelle Ernahrungsmedizin 21, 103113.Google Scholar
Krajčovičová-Kudláčková, M, Šimončič, R, Babinska, K, Béderová, A, Brtková, A, Magálová, T & Grančičová, E (1995) Selected vitamins and trace elements in blood of vegetarians. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 39, 334339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krsnjavi, H, Grgurevic-Batinica, A, Beker, D, Romic, Z & Krsnjavi, A (1992) Selenium and fertility in men. Trace Elements in Medicine 9, 107108.Google Scholar
Kurahashi, K, Inoue, S, Yonekura, S, Shimoshi, Y & Toei, K (1980) Determination of selenium in human blood by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Analyst 105, 690695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kvíčala, V, Zamrazil, H & čermák, J (1994) Levels of some trace elements in serum of Prague inhabitants measured by INAA. Biological Trace Elements Research 43–45, 497502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kvíčala, V, , Zamrazil, če[rcaron]ovska, J, Bedná[rcaron], J & Janda, J (1995) Evaluation of selenium supply and status of inhabitants of three selected rural and urban regions of the Czech Republic. Biological Trace Elements Research 47, 365375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyriakopoulos, A, Rothlein, D, Pfeifer, H, Gessner, H, Behne, (1998) Selenium-containing compounds in baker's yeast (Saccharomycese cerevisiae). In Mengen-Spurenelem., Arbeitstag 18th pp. 740745 [Anke, M, editor]. Leipsig: Verlag Harald Schubert.Google Scholar
Lag, J (1998) Germedical aspects of selenium: Norwegian investigations. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 17, 229232.Google ScholarPubMed
Lahermo, P, Alfthan, G & Wang, D (1998) Selenium and arsenic in the environment in Finland. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 17, 205216.Google ScholarPubMed
Lal, M, Joseph, D, Choudhury, KK, Bajpai, HN, Gauba, I, Lokeshwar, MR & Wagle, CS (1991) Studies of blood lead levels in children by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Science of the Total Environment 103, 209214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamand, M, Tressol, JC & Bellanger, J (1994) The mineral and trace element composition in French food items and intake levels in France. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 195202.Google ScholarPubMed
Lane, HW, Barroso, AO, Dudrick, SJ, Englert, DA, MacFadyen, BV (1982) Selenium status of seven IVH patients. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, pp. 3033 [McHowell, J & White, CL, editors]. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lane, HW, Lotspeich, CA, Moore, CE, Ballard, J, Dudrick, SJ & Warren, DC (1987) The effect of selenium supplementation on selenium status of patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 11, 177182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, HW, Warren, DC, Martin, E & McCowan, J (1983 a) Selenium status of industrial workers. Nutrition Research 3, 805817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, HW, Warren, DC, Taylor, BJ & Stool, E (1983 b) Blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels and dietary selenium of free-living and institutionalized elderly subjects. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 173, 8795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, AM, Huel, G, Godin, J, Hellier, G, Sahuquillo, J, Moreau, T & Blot, P (1995) Inter-individual variation of selenium in maternal plasma, cord blood and placenta. Science of the Total Environment 159, 119127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, GP & Park, KW (1999) Quality improvement of 'Seoul' celery by selenium in the nutrient solution culture. Acta Horticultura 483, 185192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemoyne, M, van Gossum, A, Kurian, R & Jeejeebhoy, KN (1988) Plasma vitamin E, and selenium and breath pentane in home parenteral nutrition patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 13101315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levander, OA, Alfthan, G, Arvilommi, H, Gref, CG, Huttunen, JK, Kataja, M, Koivistoinen, P & Pikkarainen, J (1983) Bioavailability of selenium to Finnish men as assessed by platelet glutathione peroxidase activity and other blood parameters. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 887897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levander, OA & Morris, VC (1984) Dietary selenium levels needed to maintain balance in North American adults consuming self-selected diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39, 809815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levander, OA, Moser, PB & Morris, VC (1987) Dietary selenium intake and selenium concentrations of plasma, erythrocytes, and breast milk in pregnant and postpartum lactating and nonlactating women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 694698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levander, OA, Sutherland, B, Morris, VC & King, JC (1981) Selenium metabolism in human nutrition. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine pp. 256268 [Spallholz, JE, Martin, JL & , Ganther, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Li, JY, Taylor, PR, Li, B, Blot, WJ, Guo, W, Dawsey, S, Wang, GQ, Yang, CS, Zheng, SF, Gail, M, Li, GY, Liu, B, Tangrea, J, Sun, Y, Liu, F, Fraumeni, F & Zhang, YH (1993) Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, 14921498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, TH, Tseng, WC & Cheng, SY (1998) Direct determination of selenium in human blood plasma and seminal plasma by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and clinical application. Biological Trace Elements Research 64, 133149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liou, JJ, Chen, WL, Chen, RLC & Yang, JPW (1998) Screening and cultivation of a yeast strain with high organoselenium yields. Taiwan Tangy Yangjiuso Yanjiu Huibao 162, 5163.Google Scholar
Liu, S (1997) Selenium-containing anticancer beer Faming Sheqing Gongkai Shoumingshu CN, 1,160.079. Cl. C12C5/02.Google Scholar
Liu, BS & Li, SS (1987) Primary study of relationship between endemic selenosis and fluorosis. Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, 708711 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Liu, CH, Lu, ZH, Su, Q & Duan, YQ (1987) Regional selenium deficiency of feeds in China. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 4752 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Lloyd, B, Holt, RS & Delves, HT (1983) The determination of selenium in plasma and whole egg. In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology vol. 2, pp. 11291141 [Brätter, p & Schramel, P, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lloyd, B, Lloyd, RS & Clayton, BE (1983 b) Effect of smoking, alcohol and other factors on the selenium status of a healthy population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 37, 213217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lombeck, I, Kasperek, K, Menzel, H (1987) Selenium status of pediatric patients. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 619630 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Lombeck, I, Menzel, H & Frosch, D (1987) Acute selenium poisioning of a 2-year-old child. European Journal of Pediatrics 146, 308312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longnecker, MP, Taylor, PR, Levander, OA, Howe, SM, Veillon, C, McAdam, PA, Patterson, KY, Holden, JM, Stampfer, MJ, Morris, JS & Willett, WC (1991) Selenium in diet, blood and toenails in relation to human health in a seleniferous area. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 12881294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, JZ, Zhang, BZ & Milner, JA (1994) Dietary selenite modifies glutathione metabolism and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene conjugation in rats. Journal of Nutrition 124, 172180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundberg, AC, Åkesson, A & Åkesson, B (1992) Dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with systemic sclerosis. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases 51, 11431148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luo, X, Wei, H, Yang, C, Xing, J, Qiao, C, Feng, Y, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Wu, Q, Liu, Y, Stoecker, BJ, Spallholz, JW & Yang, SP (1985) Selenium intake and metabolic balance of 10 men from a low selenium area of China. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 3137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luoma, PV, Korpela, H, Sotaniemi, EA & Kumpaulainen, J (1985) Serum selenium, glutathione peroxidase, lipids, and human liver microsomal enzyme activity. A double-blind controlled trial of selenium supplementation. Biological Trace Elements Research 8, 113121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lux, O & Naidoo, D (1995) The assessment of biological variation components of copper, zinc and selenium. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 6, 4347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, PA, Smith, DK, Feldman, EB & Hames, C (1984) Effect of age, sex and race on selenium status of healthy residents of Augusta, Georgia. Biological Trace Elements Research 6, 39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McConnell, KP, Broghamer, WL, Blotcky, AJ & Hurt, OJ (1975) Selenium levels in human blood and tissues in health and in disease. Journal of Nutrition 105, 10261031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McConnell, KP, Jager, RR, Bland, KI & Blotcky, AJ (1980) The relationship of dietary selenium and breast cancer. Journal of Surgery and Oncology 15, 6770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCray, CWR & Hurwood, ID (1963) Selenosis in northwestern Queensland associated with a marine cretaceous formation. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science 20, 475498.Google Scholar
McKenzie, RL, Rea, HM, Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1978) Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of New Zealand infants and children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, 14131418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McOrist, GD & Fardy, JJ (1989) Selenium status in the blood of Australians using neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 134, 6572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacPherson, A, Barclay, MNI, Scott, R, Yates, RWS (1997) Loss of Canadian wheat imports lowers selenium intake and status of the Scottish population. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals-9, pp. 203205 [Fischer, PWF, L'Abbé, MR, Cockell, KA & Gibson, RS, editors]. Ottawa: NRC Research Press.Google Scholar
Madaric, A, Kadrabova, J & Ginter, A (1994) Selenium concentration in plasma and erythrocytes in a healthy Slovak population. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 4347.Google Scholar
Magalova, T, Be'no, I, Brtkova, T, Meki'nova, D, Volkovona, KM, Staruchova, M & Tatara, M (1997) Levels of Cu, Zn, Se and their relation to levels of ceruloplasmin and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Bratisl Lek Listy 7, 9881011.Google Scholar
Mahalingam, TR, Vijayalakshmi, S, Krishna Prabhu, S, Thiruvengadasami, A, Murthy, KSR, Sen, D, Mathews, CK & Shanmugasundarum, KR (1997) Studies of some trace and minor elements in blood. A survey of the Kalpakkam (India) population Part II: reference values for plasma and red cells, and correlation with coronary risk index. Biological Trace Elements Research 57, 207221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maier, KJ, Nelson, CR, Bailey, FC, Klaine, SJ & Knight, AW (1998) Accumulation of selenium in aquatic biota of a watershed treated with seleniferous fertilizer. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 60, 409416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MNkelN, AL, NNnto, V & MNkelN Wang, W (1993) The effect of nationwide selenium-enrichment of fertilizers on selenium status of healthy Finnish medical students living in southwestern Finland. Biological Trace Elements Research 36, 121157.Google Scholar
Maksimovíc, ZJ, Djujić, I, Jović, V & RŠumović, M (1992) Selenium deficiency in Yugoslavia. Biological Trace Elements Research 33, 187196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maksimovíc, ZJ, Jović, V, Djujić, I & RŠumović, M (1992) Selenium deficiency in Yugoslavia and possible effects on health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 14, 107111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maksimovíc, ZJ, Rsumovic, M, , Jović, Kosanovic, M & Jovanovic, T (1998) Selenium in soil, grass, and human serum in the Zlatobor mountain area (Serbia): geomedical aspects. Journal of Environmental Pathology ,Toxicology and Oncology 17, 221227.Google ScholarPubMed
Maksimovíc, Z, Vlimirovic, D, Djujić, I, Radosevic, P, Bukvic, D, Maric, I & RŠumović, M (1995) Selenium status in patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy in Serbia. Naucni Skupovi Srpske Akademije Nauka i Umetnosti,Odeljenje prirodno-matematickih nauka 6, 177181.Google Scholar
Mao, WJ, Li, Y, Li, BF & Liu, YH (1997) Study on biological activity of selenium-enriched mussel extract. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limonology 15, 304307.Google Scholar
Marchante-Gayon, JM, Sanchez-Uria, JE & Sanz-Medel, A (1996) Serum and tissue selenium contents related to renal disease and colon cancer as determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 10, 229236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marinov, B, Tsachev, K & Koleva, V (1998) The concentration of selenium in the maternal serum in cases of missed abortion. Akush Ginekologia (Sophia) 37, 1516.Google ScholarPubMed
Marklund, SL, Repo, H & Koskimies, S (1987) Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes, glutathione peroxidase and selenium in blood from HLA-B27-positive and -negative subjects. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandanavia 95, 107111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marzec, Z (1999) Analytical and estimated values of chromium, nickel and selenium intakes with adult daily food rations. Bromatologi Chemicale Toksykologi 32, 185189.Google Scholar
Masiak, M & Herzyk, D (1984) Behaviour of microelements in lung cancer patients. Fresenius Z. Analytical Chemistry 317, 661662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mask, G & Lane, HW (1993) Selected measures of selenium status in full-term and pre-term neonates and their mothers and non-pregnant women. Nutrition Research 13, 901911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuda, A, Kimura, M & Itokawa, Y (1997) Selenium level and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets of healthy Japanese volunteers. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 43, 497504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxia, V, Meloni, S, Rollier, MA, Brandone, A, Patwardhan, VN, Waslien, CI & El Shami, S (1972) Selenium and chromium assay in Egyptian foods and in blood of Egyptian children by activation analysis. Nuclear Activation Techniques in the Life Sciences, pp. 527550, ViennaInternational Atomic Energy Agency.Google Scholar
Mazzella, GL, Sinfurianai, E, Savoldi, F, Allagrine, M, Lanzola, E & Scelsi, R (1983) Blood cells glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium in multiple sclerosis. Experimental Neurology 22, 442446.Google ScholarPubMed
Meissner, D (1997) Reference values for blood and serum selenium in the Dresden area. Medicine Klinische 92 Suppl. 3, 4142.Google ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, HM, Bibow, K, Paulsen, IT, Mundal, H, Norheim, G & Holm, H (1993) Different bioavailability in humans of wheat and fish selenium as measured by blood platelet response to increased dietary Se. Biological Trace Elements Research 36, 229241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, HM & Huang, E (1995) Oral intake of selenium has no effect on the serum concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 3 in healthy women. European Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 33, 411415.Google ScholarPubMed
Menditto, A, Chiodo, F, Giampaoli, S & Morisi, G (1995) Association of serum selenium with selected cardiovascular risk factors. Microchemical Journal 51, 170180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menkes, MS, Comstock, GW, Vuilleumier, JP, Helsing, KJ, Rider, AA & Brookmeyer, R (1986) Serum beta-carotene, vitamin, A and, E, selenium and the risk of lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 315, 12501254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaelsson, G, Berne, B, Calmark, B & Strand, A (1989) Selenium in whole blood and plasma is decreased in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis. Acta Dermatologica et Venerologica 69, 2934.Google ScholarPubMed
Mihailovic, M, Lindberg, P, Janovic, I & Antic, D (1992) Selenium status of patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy. Biological Trace Elements Research 33, 771777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikac-Dević, ZJ, Vukelić, N & Kljaić, J (1992) Serum selenium level in patients with colorectal cancer. Biological Trace Elements Research 33, 8794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, L, Mills, BJ, Blotcky, AJ & Lindeman, RD (1983) Red blood cell and serum selenium concentrations as influenced by age and selected diseases. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 4, 331341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milly, K, Wit, L, Diskin, C & Tulley, R (1992) Selenium in renal failure patients. Nephron 61, 139144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monget, AL, Galan, P, Preziosi, P, Keller, H, Bourgeois, C, Arnaud, J, Favier, A & Hercberg, S (1996) Micronutrient status in elderly people. Geriatrie/Min. Vit. Aux Network. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 66, 7176.Google ScholarPubMed
Moreno, MA, Marin, C, Vinagre, F & Ostapczuk, P (1999) Trace element levels in whole blood samples from residents of the city of Badajoz, Spain. Science of the Total Environment 229, 209215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, JA, Noiva, R & Wells, IC (1984) Selenium concentration in plasma of patients with arteriographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. Clinical Chemistry 30, 11711173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morisi, G, Patriarca, M & Menotti, A (1988) Improved determination of selenium in serum by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Clinical Chemistry 34, 127130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, JS, Stampfer, MJ & Willett, W (1983) Dietary selenium in humans. Toenails as an indicator. Biological Trace Elements Research 5, 529537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosulishvili, LM, Shonia, NI, Ginturi, EN, Efremova, EY & Kharabadze, NE (1985) INAA results for metal traces in human whole blood. Frequency and age characteristics of the distribution. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 88, 121134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munz, B, Frank, S, Hubner, G, Olsen, E & Werner, S (1997) A novel type of glutathione peroxidase: expression and regulation during wound repair. Biochemical Journal 326, 579585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, C, Golden, B, Ramdath, D, Golden, M (1988) Selenium status during recovery from malnutrition: Effect of selenium supplementation. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, vol. 6, pp. 1114 [LS, Hurley, CL, Keen, B, Lönnerdal & RB, Rucker, editors]. New York, NY: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutanen, M (1984) Dietary intake and sources of selenium in young Finnish women Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 38A, 265269.Google Scholar
Mutanen, M, Viita, L & MykkNnen, H (1989) Selenium supplementation does not alter platelet activation in subjects with normal selenium status. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 59, 309313.Google Scholar
Nakamura, H, Kudo, H, Muramatsu, H, Masago, K, Murakami, Y (1980) Activation analysis of trace elements in the human blood serum of some specific diseases. In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, pp. 365380 [Brätter, P & Schramel, P, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1983) Selenium in Nutrition, revised ed., p. 24. Washington, DCNational Academy Press.Google Scholar
Navarro-Alarcon, M, De, LaSerrana, HL, Perez-Valero, V & Lopez-Martinez, C (1998) Serum selenium levels as indicators of body status in cancer patients and their relationships with other nutritional and biochemical markers. Science of the Total Environment 212, 195202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Navarro-Alarcon, M, Lopez, G, De, LaSerrana, HL, Perez-Valero, V & Lopez-Martinez, C (1999) Serum and urine selenium concentrations as indicators of body status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Science of the Total Environment 228, 7985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nève, J (1995) Human selenium supplementation as assessed by changes in blood selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 9, 6573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nève, J, Chamart, S, van Erum, S, Vertongen, F, Dramaix, M (1988 a) Selenium status in humans as investigated by the effects of supplementation with Se-enriched yeast tablets. Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 315320 [J, Neève & A, Favier, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nève, J, Molle, L, Hanocq, M, Sinet, PM & van Geffel, R (1983 a) Erythrocyte and plasma trace element levels in clinical assessments. Zinc, copper and selenium in normals and patients with Down's syndrome and cystic fibrosis. Biological Trace Elements Research 5, 7579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nève, J, Sinet, PM, Molle, L & Nicolle, A (1983 b) Selenium, zinc and copper in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21): blood and relations with glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Clinica Chimica Acta 133, 209214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nève, J, Vertongen, F & Capel, P (1988 b) Selenium supplementation in healthy Belgian adults: response in platelet glutathione peroxidase activity and other blood indices. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 139143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nève, J, Vertongen, F, Thonnart, N, Carpentier, YA (1984) Assessment of selenium status in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology vol. 3, pp. 139149 [Brätter, P & Schramel, P, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Noble, RM & Barry, GA (1982) Survey of selenium concentrations in wheat, sorghum and soybean grains, prepared poultry feeds and feed ingredients from Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 39, 18.Google Scholar
Nomura, AMY, Lee, J, Stemmermann, GN & Combs, GF (2000) Serum selenium and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Prevention Biomarkers 9, 883887.Google ScholarPubMed
Oldfield, JE (1999) Selenium World Atlas, BrusselsSelenium Tellurium Development Association.Google Scholar
Olivieri, O, Girelli, D, Azzini, M, Stanzial, AM, Russo, C, Ferroni, M & Corrocher, R (1995) Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones. Clinical Science 89, 637642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olivieri, O, Stanzial, A, Girelli, D, Trevisan, M, Guarini, P, Terzi, M, Caffi, S, Fontana, F, Casaril, M, Ferrari, S & Corrocher, R (1994) Selenium status, fatty acids, vitamins A and E, and aging: the Nove Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 510517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olmsted, L, Schrauzer, GN, Flores-Arce, M & Dowd, J (1989) Selenium supplementation of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Biological Trace Elements Research 20, 5965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojo, OJ, Oluwolfe, AF, Durosinmi, AM, Ogunsola, OJ, Akanle, OA & Spyrou, NM (1994) Baseline levels of elemental concentrations in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes of Nigerian subjects. Biological Trace Elements Research 46, 461469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orack, H & Yanavdag, R (1996) Selenium content of milk and milk products of Turkey. Part I. Chimica Acta Turcica 24, 239243.Google Scholar
Oster, O, Drexler, M, Schenk, J, Meinertz, T, Kasper, W, Schuster, CJ & Prellwitz, W (1986) The serum selenium concentration of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Annals of Clinical Research 18, 3642.Google ScholarPubMed
Oster, O & Prellwitz, W (1982) A methodological comparison of hydride and carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for the determination of selenium. Clinica Chimica Acta 124, 277291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oster, O & Prellwitz, W (1990 a) Selenium and cardiovascular disease. Biological Trace Elements Research 24, 91103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oster, O & Prellwitz, W (1990 b) The renal excretion of selenium. Biological Trace Elements Research 24, 119146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oster, O, Prellwitz, W, Kasper, W & Meinertz, T (1983) Congestive cardiomyopathy and the selenium content of plasma. Clinica Chimica Acta 128, 125132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oster, O, Schmiedel, G & Prellwitz, W (1988 a) The organ distribution of selenium in German adults. Biological Trace Elements Research 15, 2345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oster, O, Schmiedel, G & Prellwitz, W (1988 b) Correlations of blood selenium with hematological parameters in West German adults. Biological Trace Elements Research 15, 4781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overvad, K, Wang, D, Olsen, J, Allen, D, Thorling, E, Bulbrook, R & Hayward, J (1991) Selenium in human mammary carcinogenesis: a case-control study. European Journal of Cancer 27, 900902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozata, M, Salik, M, Aydin, A, Sayin, S, Oktenu, C, Beyhan, Z, Isimer, A & Ozdemir, IC (1999) Iodine and zinc, but not selenium and copper, deficiency exists in a male Turkish population with endemic goiter. Biological Trace Elements Research 69, 211216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin, C, Vitamin, E, Selenium and Beta-Carotene and other Carotenoids, Washington, DCNational Academy Press.Google Scholar
Pawlowicz, Z, Zachara, BA, Trafikowska, U, Maciag, A, Marchaluk, E & Nowicki, A (1991) Blood selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with breast cancer and with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 5, 275277.Google ScholarPubMed
Pearn, J & McCay, CRW (1979) Blood selenium in chronic spinal muscular atrophy. Journal of Neurological Science 42, 199202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peleg, I, Morris, S & Hames, CG (1985) Is serum selenium a risk factor for cancer?. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 2, 157163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peng, A, Wang, WH, Wang, CX, Wang, ZJ, Rui, HF, Wang, WZ & Yang, ZW (1999) The role of humic substances in drinking water in Kaschin-Beck diesease in China. Environmental Health Perspectives 107, 293296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, A, Xu, Y, Lu, JH & Wang, ZJ (2000) Study on the dose–effect relationship of selenite with the growth of wheat. Biological Trace Elements Research 76, 175181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peretz, A, Nève, J, Desmedt, J, Duchateau, J, Dramaix, M & Famaey, JP (1991) Lymphocyte response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 13231328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peretz, A, Nève, J, Fontaine, J, Vertongen, F, Famaey, JP (1988) Effects of corticosteroid treatment on selenium status in man and animal. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology, pp. 9396 [Neéve, j & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perona, G, Guidi, GC, Piga, A, Cellerino, R, Milani, G, Colautti, B, Moschini, G & Stievano, BM (1979) Neonatal erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency as a consequence of selenium imbalance during pregnancy. British Journal of Haematology 42, 567574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piccinini, L, Borella, P, Bargellini, A, Medici, CI & Zoboli, A (1996) A case-control study on selenium, zinc and copper in plasma and hair of subjects affected by breast and lung cancer. Biological Trace Elements Research 51, 2329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pleban, PA, Munyani, A & Beachum, J (1982) Determination of selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and erythrocytes. Clinical Chemistry 28, 311316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poirier, KA (1994) Summary of the derivation of the reference dose for selenium. In Risk Assessment of Essential Elements, pp. 157166 [Mertz, W, Abernathy, CO & Olin, SS, editors]. Washington, DC: ILSI Press.Google Scholar
Prieto, MA, Naranjo, CC, Lui, GP, de la Cruz, GM, de la Fe Napoles, C & Mestre, PF (1994) Determination of selenium in blood and serum of patients with epidemical neuritis by ETAAS. Quimica Analitica 13, 182186.Google Scholar
Primm, P, Anderson, HD & Morris, JS (1979) The effects of dialysis time on selenium loss from human blood sera. Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Sciences 23, 117124.Google Scholar
Pucheu, S, Coudray, C, Vanzetto, G, Favier, A, Machecourt, J & de Leiris, J (1995) Time-course of changes in plasma levels of trace elements after thrombolysis during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in humans. Biological Trace Elements Research 47, 171181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raines, DA, Kinsara, AJ, Fawzy, ME, Vasudevan, S, Mohamed, GE, Legayada, ES, Al-Rawithi, S & Al-Yazigi, A (1999) Plasma and urinary selenium in Saudi Arabian patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Biological Trace Elements Research 69, 5968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravaglia, G, Forti, P, Mailoli, F, Bastagli, L, Facchini, A, Mariani, E, Savarino, L, Sassi, S, Cucinotta, D & Lenaz, G (2000) Effect of micronutrient status on natural killer cell immune function in healthy, free-living subjects aged >90 y. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, 590598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rayman, MP (1997) Dietary selenium: time to act. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) 314, 387388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rayman, MP (2000) The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet 356, 233241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rayman, MP, Abou-Shakra, FA, Ward, NI & Redman, CWG (1996) Comparison of selenium levels in pre-eclamptic and normal pregnancies. Biological Trace Elements Research 55, 920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rea, HM, Thomson, CD, Campbell, DR & Robinson, MF (1979) Relation between erythrocyte selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities of new Zealand residents and visitors to New Zealand British Journal of Nutrition 42, 201208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, C (1998) Selenium: a new entrant into the functional food arena. Trends in Food Science and Technology 9, 114118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinhold, U, Blitz, H, Bayer, W & Schmidt, KH (1989) Serum selenium levels in patients with malignant melanoma. Acta Dermatologica et Venereologica (Stockholm) 69, 132136.Google ScholarPubMed
Ribalta, J, Reyes, H, Hernandez, I, Fuentes, O, Baez, M, Gonzales, M & Palma, J (1995) Can a selenium deficiency affect the pathogenesis of cholestasis in pregnancy?. Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18, 114120.Google ScholarPubMed
Richard, MJ, Arnaud, J, Koukay, N, Favier, A, Jurkovits, C, Dechelette, E, Hachache, T, Meftahi, H, Foret, M, Laporte, DF (1988) Lipid peroxidation, relationship with selenium and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with chronic renal failure. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology, pp. 283288 [Nève, J & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringstad, J, Kildebo, S & Thamassen, Y (1993 a) Serum selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in Crohn's disease and ulterative colitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28, 605608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ringstad, J, Knutsen, SF, Nilssen, OR & Thomassen, Y (1993 b) A comparative study of serum selenium and vitamin E levels in a population of male risk drinkers and abstainers: A population-based matched-pair study. Biological Trace Elements Research 36, 6571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robberecht, HJ & Deelstra, HA (1994) Factors influencing blood selenium concentrations: a literature review. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 129143.Google ScholarPubMed
Robberecht, HJ, Hendrix, P, Van Cauwenbergh, R & Deelstra, HA (1994) Actual daily dietary intake of selenium in Belgium, using duplicate portion sampling. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung 199, 251254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Campbell, DR, Stewart, RDH, Rea, HM, Thomson, CD, Snow, PG & Squires, IHW (1981) Effect of daily supplements of selenium on patients with muscular complaints in Otago and Canterbury. New Zealand Medical Journal 93, 289292.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Campbell, DR, Sutherland, HF, Herbison, GP, Paulin, JM & Simpson, FO (1983) Selenium and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Medicine 96, 755762.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Godfrey, PJ, Thomson, CD, Rea, HM & van Rij, AM (1979) Blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in normal subjects and in surgical patients with and without cancer in New Zealand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 14771485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Thomson, CD (1987) Status of the food supply and residents of New Zealand. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine, vol. B, pp. 631644 [Combs, GF Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA and Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Robinson, MF, Thomson, CD & Huemmer, PK (1985) Effect of a megadose of ascorbic acid, a meal and orange juice on the absorption of selenium as sodium selenite. New Zealand Medical Journal 98, 626628.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Thomson, CD, Jenkins, P, Luzhen, G & Whanger, PD (1997) Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: urinary excretion by New Zealand women British Journal of Nutrition 77, 551563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, MF, Thomson, CD, Ong, LK & Huemmer, P (1983 b) Effects of supplementation with high-selenium yeast wheat bread on glutathione peroxidase and related enzymes in women Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 43, 17A.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, I & Beath, OA (1964) Selenium: Geobotany, Biochemistry, Toxicology and Nutrition, New York, NYAcademic Press.Google Scholar
Rotruck, JT, Ganther, HE, Swanson, AB, Hafeman, DG & Hoekstra, WG (1972) Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179, 588590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudolph, N & Wong, SL (1978) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and cord plasma and red cells. Pediatric Research 12, 789792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rukgauer, M, Klein, J & Kruse-Jarres, JD (1997) Reference values for the trace elements copper, manganese, selenium and zinc in the serum/plasma of children, adolescents and adults. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 11, 9298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saeed, K, Thomassen, Y & Langmyr, FJ (1979) Direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of selenium in serum. Analytica Chimica Acta 110, 285289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saint-Georges, M, d'Auzac, CL, Bonnefont, D, Bourely, B, Jaudon, MC, Galli, A (1988) Implication of selenium and glutathione peroxidase deficiency in the pathology of hemodialyzed patients. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 293296 [Nève, J & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salbe, AD, Hill, CH, Veillon, C, Howe, SM, Longnecker, MR, Taylor, PR & Levander, OA (1993) Relationship between serum somatomedin C levels and tissue selenium content among adults living in a seleniferous area. Nutrition Research 13, 399405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salonen, JT, Alfthan, G, Huttunen, JK, Pikkarainen, J & Puska, P (1982) Association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and serum selenium as a matched-pair longitudinal study. Lancet 2, 175179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salonen, T, Halme, M, Sarna, S, Westermarck, T, Nordberg, UR, Bayer, W (1988) Selenium status improved among elderly due to selenium-enrichment of fertilizers in Finland. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals vol. 6, pp. 1920 [Hurley, LS, Keen, CL, Lönnerdal, B & Rucker, RB, editors]. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Salvini, S, Hennekens, CH, Morris, JS, Willett, WC & Stampfer, MJ (1995) Plasma levels of the antioxidant selenium and risk of myocardial infarction among US physicians. American Journal of Cardiology 76, 12181221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samir, M & El-Awady, MY (1998) Serum selenium levels in multinodal goiter. Clinical Otolaryngology 23, 512514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Ocampo, A, Torres-Perez, J & Jimeniz-Reyes, M (1996) Selenium levels in the serum of workers in a rubber tire repair shop. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57, 7275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saraymen, R, Soylak, M, Elci, L & Dogan, M (1997) Blood serum selenium level of adults living in the province of Kayseri-Turkiye. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 6, 694698.Google Scholar
Schramel, P, Hasse, S & Ovcar-Pavlu, J (1988) Selenium, cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in human breast milk, in placenta, maternal blood and the blood of the newborn. Biological Trace Elements Research 15, 111124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schrauzer, GN, Molenaar, T, Mead, S, Luehn, K, Yamamoto, H & Araki, E (1985) Selenium in the blood of Japanese and American women with and without breast cancer and fibrocystic disease. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research (Gann) 76, 374377.Google ScholarPubMed
Schrauzer, GN, Rhead, WJ & Evans, GA (1973) Selenium and cancer: Chemical interpretation of a plasma 'cancer test'. Bioinorganic Chemistry 2, 329340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schrauzer, GN & White, DA (1978) Selenium in human nutrition: Dietary intakes and effects of supplementation. Bioinorganic Chemistry 8, 303318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schubert, A, Holden, JM & Wolf, WR (1987) Selenium content of a core group of foods based on a critical evaluation of published analytical data. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 87, 285292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarz, K, Bieri, JG, Briggs, GM & Scott, ML (1957) Prevention of exudative diathesis in chicks by factor 3 and selenium. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 95, 621626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarz, K & Foltz, CM (1957) Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. Journal of the American Chemical Society 79, 32923293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scieszka, M, Danch, A, Machalski, M & Drozdz, M (1997) Plasma selenium concentration in patients with stomach and colon cancer in the Upper Silesia. Neoplasma 44, 395397.Google ScholarPubMed
Scott, R, MacPherson, A, Yates, R (1997) Selenium supplementation in sub-fertile human males. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals-9 pp. 458459 [Fischer, PWF, L'Abbé, MR, Cockell, KA & Gibson, RS, editors]. Ottawa: NRC Research Press.Google Scholar
Segal, I, Gut, A, Schofield, D, Shiel, N & Braganza, JM (1995) Micronutrient antioxidant status in black South Africans with chronic pancreatitis: opportunity for prophylaxis. Clinica Chimica Acta 239, 7179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sekulovic, D, Maksimovic, S, Jakovljevic, M, Kresovic, M & Mihajlov, M (1996) Application of Se-fertilizers in cultivated mint and chamomile production in order to improve their pharmacological properties. Journal of Science and Agricultural Research 57, 9399.Google Scholar
Sesama, G, Baj, A, Toffoletto, F, Sega, R & Ghezzi, L (1992) Plasma selenium levels of the general population of an area of northern Italy. Science of the Total Environment 120, 97102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamberger, RJ, Rukovena, E, Longfield, AK, Tytko, SA, Deadbar, S & Willis, CE (1973) Antioxidants and cancer: I. Selenium in the blood of normal and cancer patients. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 50, 863870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shin, WS, Hong, SI, Jung, MR, Kim, JH & Na, HB (1991) The study on concentration of serum selenium in patients with hepatoma. Korean Journal of Nutrition 24, 506515.Google Scholar
Shortt, CT, Duthie, GC, Robertson, JD, Morrice, PC, Nicol, F & Arthur, JR (1997) Selenium status of a group of Scottish adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 400404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shrift, A (1964) selenium cycle in nature?. Nature 201, 13041305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sima, A & Pfannhauser, W (1998) Selenium levels in foods produced in Austria. In Mengen-Spurenelem., Arbeitstag 18th pp. 197204 [Anke, M, editors]. Leipsig: Verlag Harald Schubert.Google Scholar
Sinet, PM, Nève, J, Nicole, A & Molle, L (1984) Low plasma selenium in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 73, 275277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sippola, J (1979) Selenium in content of soil and timothy (Phleum pratense) in Finland. Annals of Agriculture in Finland 18, 182187.Google Scholar
Slejkovec, Z, van Elteren, JT, Wordoniecka, UD, Kroon, KJ, Falnoga, I & Byrne, AR (2000) Preliminary study on the determination of selenium compounds in some selenium-accumulating mushrooms. Biological Trace Elements Research 75, 139155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sluis, KB, Darlow, BA, George, PM, Mogridge, N, Dolamore, BA & Winterbourn, CC (1992) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels in premature infants in a low selenium community (Christchurch, New Zealand). Pediatric Research 32, 189194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, AM, Chang, MPH & Medeiros, LC (2000) Generational differences in selenium status of women. Biological Trace Elements Research 75, 157165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, JC, Lewis, S, Holbrook, S, Seidel, K & Rose, K (1987) Effect of heparin and citrate on measured concentrations of various analytes in plasma. Clinical Chemistry 33, 814816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snook, JT, Palmquist, DL, Moxon, AL, Cantor, AH & Vivian, WM (1983) Selenium status of a rural (predominantly Amish) community living in a low-selenium area. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 620630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squali, H, Arnaud, J, Richard, MJ, Renversez, JC & Favier, A (1997) Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in malnourished Moroccan children. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 41, 149159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srikumar, TS, Johansson, GK, öckerman, PA, Gustafsson, JA & Åkesson, B (1992) Trace element status in healthy subjects switching from a mixed to a lactovegetarian diet for 12 mo. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, 885890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stadtman, TC (1996) Selenocysteine. Annual Review of Biochemistry 65, 83100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stead, NW, Bishop, SL & Carroll, RM (1984) Selenium (Se) balance in the dependent elderly American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39, 677.Google Scholar
Stewart, RDH, Griffiths, NM, Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1978) Quantitative selenium metabolism in normal New Zealand women British Journal of Nutrition 40, 4554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoewsand, GS, Andrews, JL, Munson, L & Lisk, DJ (1989) Effect of dietary Brussels sprouts with increased selenium content on mammary carcinogenesis in the rat. Cancer Letters 45, 4348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stork, A, Jury, WA & Frankenberger, WT (1999) Accelerated volatilization of selenium from different soils. Biological Trace Element Research 69, 217234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strain, JJ, Bokje, E, Van't Veer, P, Coulter, J, Stewart, C, Logan, H, Odling-Smee, W, Spence, RAJ & Steele, K (1997) Thyroid hormones and selenium status in breast cancer. Nutrition and Cancer 27, 4852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suadicani, P, Hein, HO & Gyntelberg, F (1992) Serum selenium concentation and risk of ischemic heart disease in a prospective cohort study of 3000 males. Atherosclerosis 96, 3342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, JF, Blotcky, AJ, Jetton, MM, Hahn, HKJ & Burch, RE (1979) Serum levels of selenium, calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc in various human diseases. Journal of Nutrition 109, 14321437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundström, H, Yrjanheikki, E & Kauppila, A (1986) Serum selenium and thromboxane in patients with gynecological cancer. Carcinogenesis 5, 10511052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sune, X & Zhou, Y (1997) Selenium-rich vinegar Faming Sheqing Gongkai Shoumingshu.Google Scholar
Suzuki, T, Hongo, T, Ohba, T, Kobayashi, K, Imai, H, Ishida, H & Suzuki, H (1989) The relation of dietary selenium to erythrocyte and plasma selenium concentrations in Japanese college women. Nutrition Research 9, 839848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, T, Imai, H & Kobatashi, K (1988) Dietary intake of selenium in Japanese: an estimation by analyzed and reported values in foodstuffs and cooked dishes. Journal of the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science 41, 91102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swaine, DJ (1955) The trace element content of soils. Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science Technical Committee 48, 1157.Google Scholar
Swanson, CA, Longnecker, MP, Veillon, C, Howve, SM, Levander, OA, Taylor, PR, McAdam, PA, Brown, C, Stampfer, MJ & Willet, WC (1990) Selenium intake, age, gender and smoking in relation to indices of selenium status of adults residing in a seleniferous area. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 852862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, JA, Zheng, DZ, Hou, SF, Zhu, WY, Li, RB, Zhu, ZY, Wang, WY (1987) Selenium in ecological and chemicogeography and endemic Keshan and Kaschin-Beck disease in China. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 859876 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Tanner, AR, Bantock, I, Hinks, L, Lloyd, B, Turner, NR & Wright, R (1986) Depressed selenium and vitamin E, levels in an alcoholic population. Possible relationship to hepatic injury through increased lipid peroxidation. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 31, 13071312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarp, U, Hansen, JC & Overvad, K (1986) Blood selenium concentrations during long-term supplementation. Nutrition Research 6, 853855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarp, U, Thorling, EB & Hansen, JC (1990) Longitudinal study of changes in blood selenium among Danish blood bank donors (1974–1988). Nutrition Research 10, 11711176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrier, F, Hida, H, Favier, A & Marconnet, P (1995) Muscle GSH-Px activity after prolonged exercise, training, and selenium supplementation. Biological Trace Elements Research 47, 279285.Google Scholar
Terry, N, Zayed, AM, de Souza, MP & Tarum, AS (2000) Selenium in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51, 401432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thérond, P, Marchand, M, Biou, D, Demelier, JF, Auzépy, P, Richard, C (1988) Plasma selenium and cardiomyopathy. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 277279 [J, Nève & A, Favier, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thérond, P, Marchand, M, Biou, D, Demelier, JF, Brion, F, Foucaud, P, Navarro, J (1988) Selenium and vitamin E supplementation in cystic fibrosis. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 333336 [J, Nève & A, Favier, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiele, R, Schuffenhauer, M, Winnefled, K, Dawcnski, H, Pleissner, J & Pfeifer, R (1995) Selenium level in patients with acute myocardial infarct and in patients wth severe angina pectoris without myocardial infarct. Medicine Klinische 90 Suppl. 1, 4548.Google Scholar
Thilly, CH, Swennen, B, Bourdoux, P, Ntambue, K, Moreno-Reyes, R, Gillies, J & Vanderpas, JB (1993) The epidemiology of iodine-deficiency disorders in relation to goitrogenic factors and thyroid-stimulating hormone regulation American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57 Suppl., 267S270S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thilly, CH, Vanderpas, JB, Beba, N, Ntambue, K, Contempre, B, Swennen, B, Moreno-Reyes, R, Bourdoux, P & Delange, F (1992) Iodine deficiency, other trace elements, and goitrogenic factors in the etiopathogeny of iodine deficiency disorders. Biological Trace Elements Research 32, 229243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD, Ong, LK & Robinson, MF (1985) Effects of supplementation with high-selenium wheat bread on selenium, glutathione peroxidase and related enzymes in blood components of New Zealand residents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 10151022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1986) Urinary and fecal excretions and absorption of a large supplement of selenium: superiority of selenate over selenite. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 659663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1993) Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood components of New Zealand women British Journal of Nutrition 69, 577588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1996) The changing selenium status of New Zealanders. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 107114.Google Scholar
Thomson, CD, Robinson, M, Butler, J & Whanger, P (1993) Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase in blood components of New Zealand residents. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 577588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, CD, Robinson, MF, Campbell, DR & Rea, HM (1982) Effect of prolonged supplementation with daily supplements of selenomethionine and sodium selenite on glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of New Zealand residents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36, 2431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD, Robinson, MF, Whanger, PD (1989) Selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood components of NZ women during long-term supplementation with selenate or selenomethionine (Semet). In Selenium in Biology and Medicine pp. 254257 [Wendel, A, editor]. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, CD & Stevens, SM (1988) The absence of adaptive changes in tissue activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase following selenium and vitamin, E supplementation in subjects of low selenium status. Biochemistry International 16, 8392.Google ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD, Stevens, SM, van Rij, AM, Wade, CR & Robinson, MF (1988) Selenium and vitamin E supplementation: Activities of glutathione peroxidase in human tissues. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 316323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorngren, M & Åkesson, B (1987) Effect of dietary fish on plasma selenium and its relation to haemostatic changes in healthy adults. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 57, 429435.Google ScholarPubMed
Thorling, EB, Overvad, K & Geboers, J (1986) Selenium status in Europe -- Human data a multicenter study. Annals of Clinical Research 18, 37.Google ScholarPubMed
Thorling, EB, Overvad, K, Heerfordt, A & Fooldspang, A (1985) Serum selenium in Danish blood bank donors. Biological Trace Elements Research 8, 6573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thuluvath, PJ & Triger, DR (1992) Selenium and chronic liver disease. Journal of Haematology 14, 176182.Google ScholarPubMed
Thuong, T, Auzépy, P, Blondeau, M & Richard, C (1986 a) Decrease of the serum level of selenium in chronic alcoholics with or without dilated cardiomyopathy. Presse Médicine 15, 693696.Google ScholarPubMed
Turan, B, DelilbaŞi, E, Dalay, N, Sert, Ş, Afrasyap, L & Sayal, A (1992) Serum selenium and glutathione-peroxidase activities and their interaction with toxic metals in dialysis and renal transplantation patients. Biological Trace Elements Research 33, 95102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiran, B, Tiran, A, Petck, W, Rossipol, E & Wawschinek, O (1992) Selenium status of healthy children and adults in Styra (Austria) Investigation of a possible undersupply in the Styrian population. Trace Elements in Medicine 9, 7579.Google Scholar
Tolonen, M, Sarna, S, Halme, M, Tuominen, SE, Westermarck, T, Nordberg, UR, Keinonen, M & Schrijver, J (1988) Anti-oxidant supplementation decreases TBA reactants in serum of elderly. Biological Trace Element Research 17, 221228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torra, M, Rodamilans, M, Montero, F & Corbella, J (1997) Serum selenium concentration of a healthy northwest Spanish population. Biological Trace Elements Research 58, 127133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trelease, SF (1945) Selenium in soils, plants and animals. Soil Science 60, 125132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S, Honjo, K, Hirano, F, Sakai, N, Hirayama, A & Jin, K (1988) Clinical significance of selenium levels in chronic pancreatitis. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 5, 201207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture (1999) Nutrient database for standard reference. http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/SR13/sr13.html.Google Scholar
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (1991) Reference dose (RfD) for Oral Exposure for Selenium. Online: Input pending (verification date 3/27/91). Cincinnati, OH: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.Google Scholar
Valentine, JL, Faraju, B & Akashi, K (1988) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in mothers experiencing sudden infant death syndrome. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals vol. 6, pp. 1315 [Hurley, LS, Keen, CL, Lönnerdal, B & Rucker, RB, editors]. New York, NY: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, JL, Kang, HK & Spivey, GH (1978) Selenium levels in human blood, urine, and hair in response to exposure via drinking water. Environmental Research 17, 347355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VNlimNki, M, Alfthan, G, Pikkarainen, G, Ylikahri, R & Salaspuro, M (1987) Blood and liver selenium concentrations in patients with liver diseases. Clinica Chimica Acta 166, 171176.Google Scholar
VNlimNki, M, Harju, KJ & Ylikahri, R (1983) Decreased serum selenium in alcoholics -- a consequence of liver dysfunction. Clinica Chimica Acta 13, 291296.Google Scholar
Van Cauwenbergh, R, Robbercht, H, Deelstra, H, Picramenos, D & Kostakopoulos, A (1994) Selenium concentrations in serum of healthy Greek adults. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 99109.Google ScholarPubMed
Vanderpas, JB, Contrempre, B, Duale, N, Deckx, H, Bebe, N, Longombe, AO, Thilly, CH, Diplock, AT & Dumont, JE (1993) Selenium deficiency mitigates hypothyroxinemia in iodine-deficient subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 271S275S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderpas, JB, Contrempre, B, Duale, N, Goosens, W, Bebe, N, Thorpe, R, Ntambue, K, Dumont, J, Thilly, CH & Diplock, AT (1990) Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 271S275S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Torre, H, van Dokkum, W, Schaafsma, G, Wedel, M & Ockhuizen, T (1991) Effects of various levels of selenium in wheat and meat on blood selenium status indices and on selenium balance in Dutch men. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 6980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Gossum, A, Closset, P, Noel, E, Cremer, M & Nève, J (1996) Deficiency in antioxidant factors in patients with alcoholic-related chronic pancreatitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 41, 12251231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Gossum, A & Nève, J (1995) Low selenium status in alcoholic cirrhosis is correlated with aminopyrine breath test. Preliminary effects of selenium supplementation. Biological Trace Elements Research 47, 201207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Rij, AM, McKenzie, JM, Thomson, CD & Robinson, MF (1981) Selenium supplementation in total parenteral nutrition. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 5, 120124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van't Veer, P, van der Weilen, RP, Kok, FJ, Hermus, RJ & Sturmans, F (1990) Selenium in diet, blood and toenails in relation to breast cancer: a case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology 131, 987994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vendeland, SC, Beilstein, MA, Yeh, JY, Ream, W & Whanger, PD (1995) Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W: cDNA clone and mRNA modulation by dietary selenium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 87498753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verlinden, M, van Sprundel, M, Van der Auwera, JC & Eylenbosch, WJ (1983) The selenium status of Belgian population groups. I. Healthy adults. Biological Trace Elements Research 5, 103113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vernie, L, de Vries, M, Benckhuijsen, C, de Goeij, J & Zegers, C (1983) Selenium levels in blood and plasma, and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of breast cancer patients during adjuvant treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Letters 18, 283289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vertongen, F, Nève, J, Cauchie, P, Molle, L (1984) Zinc, copper, selenium and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and erythrocytes of Down's sundrome (trisomy 21) patients. Interpretation of some variations. In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology vol. 3, pp. 175181 [Brätter, P & Schramel, P, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Vézina, D, Mauffette, F, Roberts, KD & Bleau, B (1996) Selenium-vitamin E, supplementation in infertile men. Effects on semen parameters and micronutrient levels and distribution. Biological Trace Elements Research 53, 6583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viegas-Crespo, AM, Nève, J, Monteiro, ML, Amorin, MF, Paulo, OS & Halpern, MJ (1994) Selenium and lipid parameters in plasma of Portuguese subjects. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 119–112.Google ScholarPubMed
Virtamo, J, Valkeila, E, Alfthan, G, Punsar, S, Huttunen, JK & Karvor, MJ (1987) Serum selenium and risk of cancer. A prospective follow-up of nine years. Cancer 10, 145148.3.0.CO;2-U>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waiyaki, B (2000) Status of cadmium, lead and selenium in the soils of selected African countries and perspectives of their effects on human and environmental health. In Soils Groundwater Pollution Remediatic pp. 347374 [Huang, PM, Islander, IK & Lewis, IK, editors]. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis.Google Scholar
Wallaeys, B, Cornelis, R, Mees, L & Lameire, N (1986) Trace elements in patients with renal insufficiency on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Acta Physiologica et Toxicologica 59, 435437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, GY, Zhou, RH, Sun, SZ, Yin, TA, Wang, HZ, You, DQ & Yang, GQ (1979) The difference in blood and hair selenium contents in residents of Keshan disease endemic and non-endemic areas: correlation between blood selenium and hair selenium. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 13, 204209.Google Scholar
Ward, KP, Arthur, JR, Russell, G & Aggett, PJ (1984) Blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in children with cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma and epilepsy. European Journal of Pediatrics 142, 2124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wasowicz, W, Wolkanin, P, Bednarski, M, Gromadzinska, J, Sklodowska, M & Grzybowska, K (1993) Plasma trace elements (Se, Zn, Cu) concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood in Poland. Relation with birth weight, gestational age and parity. Biological Trace Elements Research 38, 205215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wasowicz, W & Zachara, BA (1987) Selenium concentrations in the blood and urine of a healthy Polish sub-population. Journal of Clinical Chemistry Clinical Biochemistry 25, 409412.Google ScholarPubMed
Watkinson, JH (1974) The selenium status of New Zealanders. New Zealand Medical Journal 80, 202205.Google ScholarPubMed
Watkinson, JH (1987) Annual topdressing of pasture with selenate pellets to prevent selenium deficiency in grazing stock: Research and farming practice in New Zealand. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 783792 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Wei, A (1996) Soybean sprout. Zhengzhou Liangshi Xueyuan Xuebao 17, 6770.Google Scholar
Wells, N (1967) Total selenium in top soils, New Zealand Soil Bureau Atlas, maps 89 and 90. WellingtonGovernment Printer.Google Scholar
Wen, Z, Chen, X, Fu, P, Qian, P, Liu, R, Huang, J (1987) Effect of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of Keshan disease. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. B, pp. 902904 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE, editors]. Westport, CN: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Westermarck, T (1977) Selenium content of tissues in Finnish infants and adults with various diseases, and studies on the effects of selenium supplementation in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis patients. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 41, 121128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whanger, PD, Beilstein, MA, Thomson, CD, Robinson, MF & Howe, M (1988) Blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity of populations in New Zealand, Oregon and South Dakota. FASEB Journal 2, 29963002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whanger, PD, Xia, Y & Thomson, CD (1994) Protein technics for selenium speciation in human body fluids. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 17.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilke, B, Vidailhet, M, Guillemin, C, Favier, A, Ducros, Y, Arnaud, J, Richard, MJ (1988) Plasma and erythrocyte selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LH) as a function of Se supplementation in 12 treated phenylketonuric (PKU) children. Selenium in Medicine and Biology pp. 337340 [Nève, J & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wikström, J, Westermarck, T & Palo, J (1976) Selenium, vitamin, E, and copper in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 54, 287290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willett, WC, Polk, BF, Morris, JS, Stampfer, MJ, Pressel, S, Rosner, B, Taylor, JO, Schneider, K & Hames, CG (1983) Prediagnostic serum selenium a risk factor for cancer?. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 2, 157163.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1996) Selenium. In Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health pp. 105122,GenevaWHO.Google Scholar
Xia, Y, Paio, J, Hill, KE & Burk, RF (1992 a) Biochemical changes in a selenium-deficient population in China. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, p. 36 (abstract).Google Scholar
Xia, Y, Zhao, X, Zhu, L & Whanger, PD (1992 b) Distribution of selenium in erythrocytes, plasma and urine of Chinese men of different selenium status. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 3, 211216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, YM, Hill, KE & Burk, RF (1989) Biochemical studies of a selenium-deficient population in China: measurement of selenium, glutathione peroxidase and other antioxidant defense indices in blood. Journal of Nutrition 119, 13181326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xian, G, Cai, H, He, Y & Li, C (1997) Study of nutrition of Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Se of old people in Guangzhou city. Guangdong Weiliang Yuansu Kexue 4, 3841.Google Scholar
Xiong, Y, Mo, D, Bi, H, Li, S, Guo, X, Yu, Z, Luo, Y, Feng, J, Zhang, L & Yang, J (1998) Effect of selenium on lesion of articular cartilage fed on T-2 toxin in Chinese mini-pigs with experimental Kaschin-Beck disease. Xi'an Yike Daxue Xuebao 19, 523525.Google Scholar
Xu, B, Chia, SE & Ong, CN (1994) Concentrations of cadmium, lead, selenium and zinc in human blood and seminal plasma. Biological Trace Elements Research 40, 4957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, GL, Wang, SC, Sun, J, Gu, BQ, Yang, YX, Song, HB, Tan, W, Xua, W, Liang, WS & Zhang, P (1997 a) Role of selenium deficiency in the etiology and pathogenesis of Keshan disease. J Xi'an Medical University 9, 98106.Google Scholar
Xu, GL, Wang, SC, Gu, BQ, Yang, YX, Song, HB, Xue, HL, Liang, WS & Zhang, P (1997 b) Further investigation on the role of selenium deficiency in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Keshan disease. Biomedical and Environmental Science 10, 316326.Google ScholarPubMed
Xu, Q, Xu, Y, Liu, Y & Liu, S (1996) Compound low sodium content health table salt. Faming Sheqing Gongkai Shoumingshu (CN, 1,116,505. Cl. A23L1/237).Google Scholar
Xue, TL & Hartikainen, H (2000) Association of antioxidative enzymes with the synergistic effect of selenium and, UV, irradiation in enhancing plant growth. Agriculture and Food Science in Finland 9, 177187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, S, Day, JP, Mohan, V, Snehalatha, C & Braganza, JM (1991) Selenium and diabetes in the tropics. Pancreas 6, 528533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamaguchi, T, Chimura, K, Kurokawa, Y, Hamada, M, Inoue, K & Shibuya, N (1992) Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and erythrocytes from human blood. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Nutrition 12, 4150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, GQ, Qian, PC, Zhu, LZ, Huang, JH, Liu, SJ, Lu, MD (1987) Human selenium requirements in China. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine vol. A, pp. 589–594 [GF Combs, Jr, Spallholz, JE, Levander, OA & Oldfield, JE (1982) Relation between the distribution of Keshan disease and selenium status. Acta Nutrimentia Sinica 4, 191200.Google Scholar
Yang, GQ, Wang, S, Zhou, R & Sun, S (1983) Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 872881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, GQ, Yin, S, Zhou, R, Gu, L, Yan, B, Liu, Y & Liu, Y (1989 b) Studies of safe maximal daily dietary Se-intake in a seleniferous area in China. Part II Relation between Se-intake and the manifestations of clinical signs and certain biochemical alterations in blood and urine. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 3, 123130.Google Scholar
Yang, GQ & Zhou, RH (1994) Further studies on human maximum safe dietary selenium intake and a discussion on some related problems. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 8, 159165.Google Scholar
Yang, GQ, Zhou, R, Yin, S, Gu, L, Yan, B, Liu, Y & Li, X (1989 a) Studies of safe maximal daily dietary Se-intake in a seleniferous area in China. Part I Selenium intake and tissue selenium levels of the inhabitants. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease 3, 7785.Google Scholar
Yoshida, M, Fukunaga, K, Tsuchita, H & Yasumoto, K (1999) An evaluation of the bioavailability of selenium in high-selenium yeast. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 45, 119128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshita, K, Tabata, M, Kimura, R, Miyashita, Y, Hayashi, K, Sagara, T & Nakagawa, H (1998) Relationship between selenium intake and foods intake and nutrients intake in middle-aged men. Eiyogaku Zasshi 56, 19148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, MW, Horng, IS, Hsu, KH, Chaing, YC, Liaw, YF & Chen, CJ (1999) Plasma selenium levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among men with chronic hepatitis virus infection. American Journal of Epidemiology 150, 367374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, S, Mao, B, Xiao, P, Yu, W, Wang, Y, Huang, C, Chen, W & Xuan, X (1990) Intervention trial with selenium for the prevention of lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan, China. A pilot study. Biological Trace Elements Research 24, 105108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, SY, Zhu, YJ & Li, WG (1997) Protective role of selenium against hepatitis B virus and primary lever cancer in Qidong. Biological Trace Elements Research 56, 117124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachara, BA, Rybakowski, J, Borowska, K, Pilaczycska, E, Zamorski, R, Stefaniak, B (1988) Blood selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in male patients with alcohol dependence. In Selenium in Medicine and Biology, pp. 269272 [Nève, J & Favier, A, editors]. New York, NY: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachara, BA, Wasowicz, W, Gromadzinska, J, Sklodowska, M & Krasomski, G (1986) Glutathione peroxidase activity, selenium, and lipid peroxide concentrations in blood from a healthy Polish population. I. Maternal and cord blood. Biological Trace Elements Research 10, 175187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zachara, BA, Wasowicz, W, Sklodowska, M & Gromadzinska, J (1987) Selenium status, lipid peroxides concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood of power station and rubber factory workers. Archives in Environmental Health 42, 223229.Google ScholarPubMed
Zhou, MH (1990) Influence of selenium on growth, root vigor and seed morphology of rice. Guizhou Journal of Agricultural Science (China) 15, 5759.Google Scholar
Zhuk, LI, Kist, AA, Mikolskaya, IN, Osinskaya, NS, Tillayev, T, Tursunbayev, SI & Agzamova, SV (1988) Elemental blood composition of the inhabitants of Uzbekistan. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 120, 369377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhuk, LI, Mikholskaya, IN, Danilova, EA & Kist, AA (1994) Mapping using human blood composition data. Biological Trace Elements Research 43–45, 371381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zima, T, Mestek, O, N'eme'cek, K & Bartova, V (1998) Trace elements in hemodialysis and continuously ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Blood Purification 16, 253260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmleri, B, Haldimann, M & Siber, R (1998) Selenium status of the Swiss population. Part 3. Changes and its causes. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene 89, 257293.Google Scholar