Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T07:57:50.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Passage and rumination of inert particles varying in size and specific gravity as determined from analysis of faecal appearance using multicompartment models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. R. Murphy ,
P. M. Kennedy  and
J. G. Welch
M. R. Murphy
Affiliation:
CSIRO Division of Tropical Animal Production, Davies Laboratory, Private Mail Bag, Aitkenval, Queensland 4814, Australia
P. M. Kennedy
Affiliation:
CSIRO Division of Tropical Animal Production, Davies Laboratory, Private Mail Bag, Aitkenval, Queensland 4814, Australia
J. G. Welch
Affiliation:
CSIRO Division of Tropical Animal Production, Davies Laboratory, Private Mail Bag, Aitkenval, Queensland 4814, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Plastic particles of defined length (2, 5 mm) and specific gravity (sp.gr. 1.10, 1.34, 1.77) were administered just before feeding into the reticulo-rumen of four cattle and four swamp buffaloes given a diet predominantly of rice straw ad lib. Simultaneously, doses of ground rice straw marked with Cr and Yb were likewise given. Plastic particles were recovered from faeces for 12 d after dosing, and divided into non-ruminated (NR) and ruminated (R) particles. Excretion data of plastic particles were interpreted using a four-pool model incorporating passage of NR (kp) and R from the reticulo-rumen, post-ruminal passage, rate of chewing (kr) and two lag times. An inverse relationship was found between kr and sp.gr. The kr was higher for 5 mm than that for 2 mm particles. In contrast, kp was greatest for particles of sp.gr. 1.34, with higher kp for 2 mm than for 5 mm particles. Rates of passage and rumination (kp, kr) were higher for buffaloes than for cattle. Rumination time was related to kr, most highly (r2 0.96) with kr of 2 mm, 1.10 sp.gr. particles. Fragmentation of 5 mm particles by rumination tended to increase the rate of passage from the rumen. Ruminal passage rates of Yb and Cr markers were poorly correlated with each other and with kp of any of the plastic markers. Reanalysis of published data from plastic particle studies supported the relationships between sp.gr., size, kp and kr. In view of the additional information (kr) obtained using plastic particles, we suggest their use may be appropriate in studies which investigate specific differences in digestive function, while being less suitable for investigating differences between diets.

Keywords

Plastic particle markersRumination ratesSpecific gravityCowBuffalo
Type
Rumen Physiology and Digestion
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , September 1989 , pp. 481 - 492
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Atkins, G. L. (1969). Multicompartment Models for Biological Systems. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, K. A. & Buchanan-Smith, J. G. (1987). Evaluation of markers, sampling sites and models for estimating rates of passage of silage or hay. Journal of Dairy Science 70, Suppl. 1, 193.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L., Graham, N. McC. & Wainman, F. W. (1956). Some observations on the digestibility of food by sheep, and on related problems. British Journal of Nutrition 10, 69–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campling, R. C. & Freer, M. (1962). The effect of specific gravity and size on the mean time of retention of inert particles in the alimentary tract of the cow. British Journal of Nutrition 16, 507–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cochran, R. C., Adams, D. C., Galyean, M. L. & Wallace, J. D. (1987). Examination of methods for estimating rate of passage in grazing steers. Journal of Range Management 40, 105–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, S. W., Evans, B. C. & Horn, G. W. (1984). Some factors influencing estimates of digesta turnover rate using markers. Journal of Animal Science 58, 979–986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dardillat, C. L. (1987). Débit réticulo omasal instantané chez la vache (Instantaneous reticulo omasal flow in the calf.) Reproduction, Nutrition, Développement 27, 231–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
desBordes, C. K. & Welch, J. G. (1984). Influence of specific gravity on rumination and passage of indigestible particles. Journal of Animal Science 59, 470–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhanoa, M. S., Siddons, R. C., France, J. & Gale, D. L. (1985). A multicompartmental model to describe marker excretion patterns in ruminant faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 53, 663–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durkwa, L. M. (1983). Length and specific gravity of particles passed from the rumen and changes in ingesta specific gravity. PhD Thesis, University of Vermont.Google Scholar
Ehle, F. R., Bas, F., Barno, B., Martin, R. & Leone, F. (1984). Particulate rumen turnover rate measurement as influenced by density of passage marker. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 2910–2913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C. C., MacRae, J. C. & Wilson, S. (1977). Determination of ruthenium and chromium by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the use of inert ruthenium (II) phenanthroline as a solid phase marker in sheep digestion studies. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89, 17–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, E. W., Pearce, G. R., Burnett, J. & Pillinger, S. (1973). Changes in some physical characteristics of the digesta in the reticulo-rumen of cows fed once daily. British Journal of Nutrition 29, 357–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faichney, G. J. & Boston, R. C. (1983). Interpretation of the faecal excretion patterns of solute and particle markers introduced into the rumen of sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101, 575–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
France, J., Thornley, J. H. M., Dhanoa, M. S. & Siddons, R. C. (1985). On the mathematics of digesta flow kinetics. Journal of Theoretical Biology 113, 743–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grovum, W. L. & Williams, V. J. (1973). Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 4. Passage of marker through the alimentary tract and the biological relevance of rate-constants derived from changes in concentration of marker in the faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 30, 313–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, S. P. & Polan, C. E. (1984) Simultaneous extraction and determination of ytterbium and cobalt ethylenediaminetetra-acetate complex in faeces. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 888–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooper, A. P. & Welch, J. G. (1985). Effects of particle size and forage composition on functional specific gravity. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 1181–1188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, P. M., John, A., McSweeney, C. S., Murphy, M. R. & Schlink, A. C. (1987). Comparative nutrition of cattle and swamp buffaloes given a rice straw-based diet. 2. Rumination and passage from the rumen. In Herbivore Nutrition Research, pp. 167–168 [Rose, M. editor]. Brisbane: Australian Society of Animal Production.Google Scholar
King, K. W. & Moore, W. E. C. (1957). Density and size as factors affecting passage rate of ingesta in the bovine and human digestive tracts. Journal of Dairy Science 40, 528–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McSweeney, C. S. & Kennedy, P. M. (1987). Comparative nutrition of cattle and swamp buffaloes given a rice straw-based diet. 3. Forestomach motility. In Herbivore Nutrition Research, pp. 169–170. [Rose, M. editor]. Brisbane: Australian Society of Animal Production.Google Scholar
Mader, T. L., Teeter, R. G. & Horn, G. W. (1984). Comparison of forage labeling techniques for conduction of passage rate studies. Journal of Animal Science 58, 208–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penning, P. D. (1983). A technique to record automatically some aspects of grazing and ruminating behaviour in sheep. Grass and Forage Science 38, 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poncet, C. & Al Abd, A. (1984). Particulate and fluid passage studies in sheep fed a hay-based diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64, Suppl., 77–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ralston, M. (1979). In PAR In BMDP-79: Biomedical Computer Programs, P series, pp. 484–498 [Dixon, W. J. and Brown, M. B. editors]. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Reid, C. S. W. (1984). The progress of solid feed residues through the rumino-reticulum: the ins and outs of particles. In Ruminant Physiology, pp. 79–84 [Baker, S. K.Gawthorne, J. M.Mackintosh, J. B. and Purser, D. B. editors]. Perth: University of Western Australia.Google Scholar
Siciliano-Jones, J. & Murphy, M. R. (1986). Passage of inert particles varying in length and specific gravity through the postruminal digestive tract of steers. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2304–2311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siebert, B. D. & Kennedy, P. M. (1972). The utilization of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus.) I. Factors limiting intake and utilization by cattle and sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 35–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, L. W., Erdman, R. A., Douglass, L. W. & Slyter, L. L. (1987). Comparisons of the disappearance of ytterbium-169, chromium-51 and intrinsically carbon-14-labeled plant cell walls from continuously fed fermentors. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 576–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uden, P., Colucci, P. E. & Van Soest, P. J. (1980). Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, P. J. & Wine, R. H. (1967). Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell-wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 50, 50–55.Google Scholar
Warner, A. C. I. (1981). Rate of passage of digesta through the gut of mammals and birds. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 51, 789–820.Google Scholar
Welch, J. G. (1986). Physical parameters of fibre affecting passage from the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2750–2754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, C. H., David, D. J. & Iismaa, O. (1962). The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 59, 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyburn, R. S. (1980). The mixing and propulsion of the stomach contents of ruminants. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 35–51 [Ruckebusch, Y. and Thivend, P. editors]. Lancaster: MTP Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar