Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T16:30:02.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Low serum lycopene concentration is associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events and stroke: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Tiina H. Rissanen ,
Sari Voutilainen ,
Kristiina Nyyssönen ,
Timo A. Lakka ,
Juhani Sivenius ,
Riitta Salonen ,
George A. Kaplan  and
Jukka T. Salonen
Tiina H. Rissanen
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
Sari Voutilainen
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
Kristiina Nyyssönen
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
Timo A. Lakka
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
Juhani Sivenius
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Center Neuron, Kuopio, Finland
Riitta Salonen
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
George A. Kaplan
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2029 USA
Jukka T. Salonen*
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland Inner Savo Health Centre, Suonenjoki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Jukka T. Salonen, fax +358 17 162 936, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A number of epidemiological studies have shown an association between β-carotene and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, whereas only a few studies are available concerning the association of lycopene with the risk of coronary events, and no studies have been undertaken concerning lycopene and stroke. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that low serum levels of lycopene are associated with increased risk of acute coronary events and stroke in middle-aged men previously free of CHD and stroke. The subjects were 725 men aged 46–64 years examined in 1991–3 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Forty-one men had either a fatal or a non-fatal acute coronary event or a stroke by December 1997. In a Cox' proportional hazard's model adjusting for examination years, age, systolic blood pressure and three nutritional factors (serum folate, β-carotene and plasma vitamin C), men in the lowest quarter of serum lycopene levels (≤0·07 μmol/l) had a 3·3-fold (95 % CI 1.7, 6.4, P < 0·001) risk of acute coronary events or stroke compared with the others. Our study suggests that a low serum level of lycopene is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular events in middle-aged men previously free of CHD and stroke.

Keywords

LycopeneCoronary eventStroke
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 85 , Issue 6 , May 2001 , pp. 749 - 754
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Agarwal, S & Rao, AV (1998) Tomato lycopene and low density lipoprotein oxidation: A human dietary intervention study. Lipids 33, 981–984.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ascherio, A, Rimm, EB, Hernán, MA, Giovannucci, E, Kawachi, I, Stampfer, MJ & Willett, WC (1999) Relation of consumption of vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids to risk for stroke among men in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine 130, 963–970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clinton, SK (1998) Lycopene: Chemistry, biology, and implications for human health and disease. Nutrition Reviews 56, 35–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daviglus, ML, Orencia, AJ, Dyer, AR, Liu, K, Morris, DK, Persky, V, Chavez, N, Goldberg, J, Drum, M, Shekelle, RB & Stamler, J (1997) Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: results from the Western Electric Study. Neuroepidemiology 16, 69–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz, MN, Frei, B, Vita, JA & Keaney, JF (1997) Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine 337, 408–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Mascio, P, Kaiser, S & Sies, H (1989) Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 274, 532–538.Google Scholar
Esterbauer, H, Gebicki, J, Puhl, H & Jürgens, G (1992) The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 13, 341–390.Google Scholar
Folsom, AR, Nieto, FJ, McGovern, PG, Tsai, M, Malinow, R, Eckfeldt, JH, Hess, DL & Davis, CE (1998) Prospective study of coronary heart disease incidence in relation to total homocysteine, related genetic polymorphism, and B vitamins. Circulation 98, 204–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerster, H (1997) The potential role of lycopene for human health Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2, 109–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gey, KF, Stahelin, HB & Eichholzer, M (1993) Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Basel Prospective Study. Clinical Investigation 71, 3–6.Google Scholar
Heinonen, MI, Ollikainen, V, Linkola, EK, Varo, PT & Koivistoinen, PE (1989) Carotenoids in Finnish foods: vegetables, fruits, and berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 337, 655–659.Google Scholar
Howard, AN, Williams, NR, Palmer, CR, Cambou, JP, Evans, AE, Foote, JW, Marques-Vidal, P, McCrum, EE, Ruidavets, JB, Nigdikar, SV, Rajput-Williams, J & Thurnham, DI (1996) Do hydroxy-carotenoids prevent coronary heart disease? A comparison between Belfast and Toulouse. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 66, 113–118.Google ScholarPubMed
Iribarren, C, Folsom, AR, Jacobs, DR, Cross, MD, Belcher, JD & Eckfeldt, JH (1997) Association of serum vitamin levels, LDL susceptibility to oxidation, and autoantibodies against MDA-LDL with carotid atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 17, 1171–1177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kardinaal, AFM, Kok, FJ, Ringstad, J, Gomez-Aracena, J, Mazaev, VP, Kohlmeier, L, Martin, BC, Aro, A, Kark, JD, Delgado-Rodriquez, M, Riemersma, RA, van't Veer, P, Huttunen, JK & Martin-Moreno, JM (1993) Antioxidants in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction: the EURAMIC study. Lancet 342, 1379–1384.Google Scholar
Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Geleijnse, JM, den Breeijen, JH, Boeing, H, Hofman, A, Grobbee, DE & Witteman, JC (1999) Dietary antioxidants and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 261–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Launer, LJ, Geleijnse, JM, Boeing, H, Hofman, A & Witteman, JC (2000) Serum carotenoids and atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. Atherosclerosis 148, 49–56.Google Scholar
Kohlmeier, L, Kark, JD, Gomez-Cracia, E, Martin, BC, Steck, SE, Kardinaal, AFM, Ringstad, J, Thamm, M, Masaev, V, Riemersma, R, Martin-Moreno, JM, Huttunen, JK & Kok, FJ (1997) Lycopene and myocardial risk in the EURAMIC study. American Journal of Epidemiology 146, 618–626.Google Scholar
Kristenson, M, Zieden, B, Kucinskienë, Z, Schäfer Elinder, L, Bergdahl, B, Elwing, B, Abaravicius, A, Razinkovienë, L, Calkauskas, H & Olsson, AG (1997) Antioxidant state and mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian and Swedish men: concomitant cross sectional study of men aged 50. British Medical Journal 14, 629–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S, Stampfer, MJ, Hu, FB, Giovannucci, E, Rimm, E, Manson, JAE, Hennekens, CH & Willett, WC (1999) Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses' Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 412–419.Google Scholar
Mangels, AR, Holden, JM, Beecher, GR, Forman, MR & Lanza, E (1993) Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: An evaluation of analytic data. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 93, 284–296.Google Scholar
Nyyssönen, K, Parviainen, MT, Salonen, R, Tuomilehto, J & Salonen, JT (1997) Vitamin C deficiency and risk of myocardial infarction: prospective population study of men from eastern Finland. British Medical Journal 314, 634–638.Google Scholar
Paetau, I, Rao, D, Wiley, ER, Brown, ED & Clevidence, BA (1999) Carotenoids in human mucosa cells after 4 wk of supplementation with tomato juice or lycopene supplements. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 490–494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porkkala-Sarataho, E, Nyyssönen, K & Salonen, JT (1996) Increased oxidation resistance of atherogenic plasma lipoproteins at high vitamin E levels in non-vitamin E supplemented men. Atherosclerosis 124, 83–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, JF & Fowkes, FGR (1997) Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The epidemiological evidence. European Heart Journal 18, 719–727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salomaa, V, Dobson, A, Miettinen, H, Rajakangas, A-M & Kuulasmaa, K (1997) Mild myocardial infarction – a classification problem in epidemiologic studies. WHO MONICA Project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 50, 3–13.Google Scholar
Salonen, JT (1988) Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research? The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Annals of Clinical Research 20, 46–50.Google Scholar
Salonen, JT (1998) Epidemiological studies on antioxidant, lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis. Archives of Toxicology Suppl. 20, 249–267.Google Scholar
Salonen, JT, Salonen, R, Seppänen, K, Rauramaa, R & Tuomilehto, J (1991) HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern finnish men Circulation 84, 129–139.Google Scholar
Salonen, JT, Ylä-Herttuala, S, Yamamoto, R, Butler, S, Korpela, H, Salonen, R, Nyyssönen, K, Palinski, W & Witztum, JL (1992) Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet 339, 883–887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stahl, W & Sies, H (1996) Lycopene: A biologically important carotenoid for humans? Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 336, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Street, DA, Comstock, GW, Salkeld, RM, Schüep, W & Klag, MJ (1994) Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction. Are low levels of carotenoids and α-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 90, 1154–1161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurnham, D, Smith, E & Flora, PS (1988) Concurrent liquid-chromatographic assay of retinol, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard. Clinical Chemistry 34, 377–381.Google Scholar
Tunstall-Pedoe, H, Kuulasmaa, K, Amoyel, P, Arveiler, D, Rajakangas, A-M & Pajak, A (1994) Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project: registration procedures, event rates and case fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in 4 continents. Circulation 90, 583–612.Google Scholar
Tuomilehto, J, Arstila, M, Kaarsalo, E, Kankaanpää, J, Ketonen, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Lehto, S, Miettinen, H, Mustaniemi, H, Palomäki, P, Puska, P, Pyörälä, K, Salomaa, V, Torppa, J & Vuorenmaa, T (1992) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Finland – baseline data from the FINMONICA AMI register in 1983–1985. European Heart Journal 13, 577–587.Google Scholar
Tuomilehto, J, Rastenyte, D, Sivenius, J, Sarti, C, Immonen-Räihä, P, Kaarsalo, E, Kuulasmaa, K, Narva, EV, Salomaa, V, Salmi, K & Torppa, J (1996) Ten-year trends in stroke incidence and mortality in the FINMONICA stroke study Stroke 27, 825–832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Poppel, G (1996) Epidemiological evidence for β-carotene in prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, S57–S61.Google Scholar
Witztum, JL Hörkkö S (1997) The role of oxidised LDL in atherogenesis: immunological response and anti-phospholipid antibodies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 811, 88–96.Google Scholar