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Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure in a Mediterranean population with a high vegetable-fat intake: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Alvaro Alonso ,
Carmen de la Fuente ,
Ana M. Martín-Arnau ,
Jokin de Irala ,
J. Alfredo Martínez  and
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
Alvaro Alonso
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain Preventive Medicine and Quality Management Service, Virgen del Camino Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
Carmen de la Fuente
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
Ana M. Martín-Arnau
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
Jokin de Irala
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
J. Alfredo Martínez
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Miguel Angel Martínez-González, fax +34 948 42 56 49, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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There is evidence that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables reduces blood pressure (BP). Characteristically, the Mediterranean diet is rich in plant-derived foods and also in fat, but studies conducted in Mediterranean countries to relate diet to BP are scarce. We studied the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and BP in a cross-sectional analysis of 4393 participants in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study, an ongoing dynamic cohort study in Spain. Diet was measured using a food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in Spain. Fat represented more than 37% total energy intake. Subjects were considered to have undiagnosed hypertension if they reported systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, and not a medical diagnosis of hypertension. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio of undiagnosed hypertension (upper v. lowest quintile) was 0·58 (95% CI 0·36, 0·91; P for trend 0·01) for vegetable consumption and 0·68 (95% CI 0·43, 1·09; P for trend 0·10) for fruit consumption. Comparing those in the highest quintile of both fruit and vegetable consumption with those in the lowest quintile of both food groups, the prevalence odds ratio was 0·23 (95% CI 0·10, 0·55; P=0·001), after adjusting for risk factors for hypertension and other dietary exposures. In a Mediterranean population with an elevated fat consumption, a high fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with BP levels.

Keywords

HypertensionPlant foodsMediterranean diet
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , August 2004 , pp. 311 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

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