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Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001), Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

H. S. Gill ,
K. J. Rutherfurd ,
J. Prasad  and
P. K. Gopal
H. S. Gill*
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
K. J. Rutherfurd
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
J. Prasad
Affiliation:
New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
P. K. Gopal
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Professor H. S. Gill, fax +64 6 350 5446, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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In order to study the mechanism by which increasing unsaturation of dietary fat lowers HDL-cholesterol levels, we studied various measures of HDL metabolism in hamsters fed with fats with different degrees of saturation. Hamsters were fed on a cholesterol-enriched (1 g/kg) semipurified diet containing 200 g/kg of maize oil, olive oil, or palm oil for 9 weeks. Increasing saturation of dietary fat resulted in increasing concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (4·29 (SD 0·51), 5·30 (sd 0·67) and 5·58 (sd 0·76) mmol/l respectively, n 12) and HDL-cholesterol (3·31 (sd 0·50), 3·91 (sd 0·12) and 3·97 (sd 0·43) mmol/l) and these concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the palm-oil and olive-oil-fed hamsters compared with the maize-oil group. Total plasma triacylglycerol levels also increased with increasing fat saturation (1·01 (sd 0·59), 1·56 (sd 0·65) and 2·75 (sd 1·03) mmol/l) and were significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the palm-oil group compared with the olive-oil and maize-oil-fed hamsters. The three diets did not have differential effects on plasma activity levels of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Levels of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) tended to be higher with increasing fat saturation but this effect was not significant. The capacity of liver membranes to bind human HDL3 was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the hamsters fed with maize oil (810 (sd 100) ng HDL3 protein/mg membrane protein, n 4) compared with those fed on palm oil (655 (sd 56) ng/mg), whereas the olive-oil group had intermediate values (674 (sd 26) ng/mg). The affinity of HDL3 for the binding sites was not affected by the type of dietary fat. Hepatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity, measured in liver homogenates, increased with increasing fat saturation. We conclude that dietary maize oil, when compared with either olive oil or palm oil, may lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations by enhancing HDL binding to liver membranes.

Keywords

Dietary fatLipoproteinsHDL bindingHamsters
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 83 , Issue 2 , February 2000 , pp. 167 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

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