Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T16:33:48.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of dietary sugar-beet fibre and guar gum on lipid metabolism in Wistar rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. D. Overton ,
N. Furlonger ,
J. M Beety ,
J. Chakraborty ,
J. A. Tredger  and
L. M. Morgan
P. D. Overton
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
N. Furlonger
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. M Beety
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. Chakraborty
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. A. Tredger
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
L. M. Morgan
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study investigates the mechanisms of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and gum gum. Four groups of ten male Wistar rats were fed ad lib. on test diets containing either 100 g SBF or guar/kg, or control diets containing 100 g cellulose or wheat bran/kg for 28 d. Food intake, weight gain and food consumption ratios were unaffected by the diets. Circulating cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in both SBF- and guar-fed groups compared with either cellulose- or bran-fed animals. Circulating triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals, but total hepatic lipid concentrations and hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis rates were unaffected by the diets. Hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (EC1.14.13.17) activities were significantly higher in the guar-fed animals compared with cellulose or bran control groups. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-metbylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC1.1.1.88) activities were unaffected. Circulating bile acid concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals and faecal bile acid output was significantly higher in the guar-fed group compared with bran- or cellulose-fed groups. This study supports the hypothesis that guar exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect via intraluminal bile acid binding and loss of cholesterol from increased faecal bile acid excretion. The mechanism of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of SBF is less clear; the results of the present study point to a mechanism involving disruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, possibly via changes in the rate of absorption of dietary lipid.

Keywords

Sugar-beet fibreGuarCholesterolLipogenesisBile acids
Type
Sugar-beet fibre and lipid metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 385 - 395
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Betteridge, D. J. (1989). Lipids, diabetes and vascular disease: the time to act. Diabetic Medicine 6, 195–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosaeus, I., Carlsson, N. G., Sandberg, A. S. & Andersson, H. (1986). Effect of wheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 40, 429–440.Google ScholarPubMed
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, W. J., Anderson, J. W. & Jennings, D. (1984). Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects of certain soluble plant fibers in cholesterol-fed rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 175, 215–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dils, R. R. & Forsyth, I. A. (1981). Preparation and culture of mammary gland explants. Methods in Enzymology 72, 724–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Florén, C. H. & Nilsson, A. (1987). Binding of bile salts to fibre-enriched wheat fibre. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 129 (Suppl.), 192–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane Stanley, G. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallaher, D., Hassel, C. A., Kyung, J. L. & Gallaher, C. (1993). Viscosity and fermentability as attributes of dietary fiber responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect in hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 123, 244–252.Google ScholarPubMed
Gallaher, D., Locket, P. L. & Gallaher, C. M. (1992). Bile acid metabolism in rats fed two levels of corn oil and brans of oat, rye and barley and sugar beet fiber. Journal of Nutrition 122, 473–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallaher, D. & Schneeman, O. (1986). Intestinal interaction of bile acids, phospholipids, dietary fibers and cholestyramine. American Journal of Physiology 250, G420–G426.Google ScholarPubMed
Gore, S. M. & Altman, D. G. (1982). How large a sample? In Statistics in Practice, pp. 6–9. Torquay: Devonshire Press.Google Scholar
Hagander, B., Asp, N. G., Efendic, S., Nilsson-Ehle, P. & Schersten, B. (1988). Dietary fiber decreases fasting blood glucose levels and plasma LDL concentration in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 852–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagander, B., Asp, N. G., Ekman, R., Nilsson-Ehle, P. & Schersten, B. (1989). Dietary fibre enrichment, blood pressure, lipoprotein profile and gut hormones in NlDDM patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 43, 35–43.Google Scholar
Hansen, W. E., Maurer, H., Vollmar, J. & Brauning, C. W. (1983). Guar gum and bile: effects on postprandial gallbladder contraction and on serum bile acids in man. Hepatogastroenterology 30, 131–133.Google ScholarPubMed
Ide, T., Moriuchi, H. & Nihimato, K. (1991). Hypolipemic effects of guar gum and its enzyme hydrolysate in rats fed highly saturated fat diets. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 35, 34–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Gassnll, M. A., Houston, H., Goff, D. V. & Hill, M. J. (1976). The cholesterol lowering properties of guar and pectin. Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine 51, 8P–9P.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Newton, C. & Cummings, J. H. (1975). The effect of pectin, guar gum and wheat fibre on serum cholesterol. Lancet ü, 1116–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, I. T., Livesey, G., Gee, J. M., Brown, J. C. & Worthy, G. M. (1990). The biological effects and digestible energy value of a sugar-beet fibre preparation in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 187–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kritchevsky, D., Vahouny, G. V. & Story, J. A. (1986). Dietary fibre and lipid metabolism. In Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of Nutrition, 1985, pp. 175–181 [Taylor, T. G. and Jenkins, W. K., editors]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Lampe, J. W., Slavin, J. L., Baglien, K. S., Thompson, W. O., Duane, W. C. & Zavoral, J. H. (1991). Serum lipid and fecal bile acid changes with cereal, vegetable and sugar-beet fiber feeding. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1235–1241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGrath, S. A. H. & Rao, G. A. (1977). Stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid in mice fed a high linoleate diet. Lipids 2, 446–449.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. M., Tredger, J. A., Shavila, Y., Travis, J. S. & Wright, J. (1993). The effect of non-starch polysaccharide supplementation on circulating bile acids, hormone and metabolite levels following a fat meal in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 491–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nimmannit, S. & Porter, J. W. (1980). Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase: solubilization and determination of enzyme activity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 201, 533–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishmura, N., Nishikawa, H. & Kirigama, S. (1993). Ileorectostomy or cecectomy but not colectomy abolishes the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary beet fiber in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1260–1269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oben, J., Morgan, L., Fletcher, J. & Marks, V. (1991). Effect of the entero-pancreatic hormones, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like polypeptide-l(7–36) amide, on fatty acid synThesis in explants of rat adipose tissue. Journal of Endocrinology 130, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtani, H., Hayashi, K., Hirata, Y., Dojo, S., Nakashima, K., Nishio, E., Kurushima, H., Saeki, M. & Kajiyama, G. (1990). Effects of dietary cholesterol and fatty acids on plasma cholesterol level and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research 31, 1413–1422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pandak, W. M., Heuman, D. M., Hylemon, P. B. & Vlahcevic, R. (1990). Regulation of bile acid synthesis. IV. Interrelationship between cholesterol and bile acid biosynThesis pathways. Journal of Lipid Research 31, 79–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudel, L. L. & Morris, M. D. (1973). Determination of cholesterol using O-phthaldehyde. Journal of Lipid Research 14, 364–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, D. J., Nordstrom, J. L., Mitschelen, J. J., Rodwell, V. W. & Schimke, R. T. (1974). Micro assay for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in rat liver and in L cell fibroblasts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 310, 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starkey, B. J. & Marks, V. (1982). Determination of total bile acids in serum - a comparison of radioimmunoassay with an enzymatic-fluorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta 119, 165–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Travis, J. S., Morgan, L. M., Tredger, J. A. & Marks, V. (1990). Effects of sugar beet fibre on blood glucose, serum lipids and apolipoproteins in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In Dietary Fibre: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 368–372 [Southgate, D. A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Tredger, J. A., Morgan, L. M., Travis, J. & Marks, V. (1991). The effects of guar gum, sugar beet fibre and wheat bran supplementation on serum lipoprotein levels in normocholesterolaemic volunteers. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 4, 375–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuomilehto, J., Happonen, P., La Ville, A. E., Shaikh, M. & Lewis, B. (1990). Metabolic studies on the hypolipidemic effect of guar gum. Atherosclerosis 81, 145–150.Google Scholar
Vahouny, G. V., Roy, T., Gallo, L. L., Story, J. A., Kritchevsky, D. & Cassidy, M. (1980). Dietary fibers 111: effects of chronic intake on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the rat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2182–2191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Cantfort, J., Renson, J. & Gielen, J. (1975). Rat liver cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase. European Journal of Biochembtry 55, 23–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar