Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:33:22.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semi-continuous culture system (RUSITEC)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. D. Carro  and
E. L. Miller
M. D. Carro*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal I, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
E. L. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Nutrition Laboratory, 307 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0JQ, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Dolores Carro, fax +34 987 291311, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Incubation trials were carried out with the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) to study the effects of four forms of N on the growth of ruminal micro-organisms and the fermentation variables when an all-fibre basal diet was incubated. The basal diet consisted of 10 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from grass hay plus 2 g NDF from sugarbeet pulp. N forms were isolated soyabean protein, soyabean peptides, amino acids blended to profile soyabean protein and NH3 as NH4Cl. Half of the daily N supply was infused as NH4Cl and the other half was infused as each of the four treatments described. Non-NH3 N (NAN) forms increased NDF (P = 0·006), acid-detergent fibre (P = 0·003) and cellulose (P = 0·015) disappearance after 48 h incubation, CO2 (P < 0·001), CH4 (P = 0·002) and total volatile fatty acids production (P < 0·001), as well as the molar percentages of isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate, which reflected the fermentation of amino acid C skeletons. NAN treatments also increased microbial N flow (P < 0·001) compared with NH3, with peptides and protein supporting more (P = 0·036) than amino acids. The proportion of microbial N derived from NH3 decreased successively (P < 0·05) with NH3 > amino acids > peptides > protein treatments, indicating preferential uptake of peptides without passage through the NH3 pool. Microbial efficiency (g microbial N/kg organic matter apparent disappearance) was greater (P = 0·002) for the NAN forms than for the NH3 treatment, with peptides and protein treatments supporting higher (P = 0·009) values than amino acid treatment. These results indicate that N forms other than NH3 are required for optimal fibre digestion and microbial growth.

Keywords

NitrogenMicrobial protein synthesisRUSITEC
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 82 , Issue 2 , August 1999 , pp. 149 - 157
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Agricultural and Food Research Council (1993) Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Argyle, JL & Baldwin, RL (1987) Effects of amino acids and peptides on rumen microbial growth yields. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 2017–2027.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Barrie, S & Workman, CT (1984) An automated analytical system for nutritional investigations using N-15 tracers. Spectroscopy International Journal 3, 439–447.Google Scholar
Carro, MD, Lebzien, P & Rohr, K (1992) Influence of yeast culture on the in vitro fermentation (Rusitec) of diets containing variable portions of concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology 37, 209–220.Google Scholar
Carro, MD & Miller, EL (1998) Effect of nitrogen form on growth of rumen micro-organisms in vitro. In In vitro Techniques for Measuring Nutrient Supply to Ruminants. Occasional Publication of the British Society of Animal Science, pp. 303–305. Midlothian: BSAS.Google Scholar
Chikunya, S, Newbold, CJ, Rode, L, Chen, XB & Wallace, J (1996) Influence of dietary rumen-degradable protein on bacterial growth in the rumen of sheep receiving different energy sources. Animal Feed Science and Technology 63, 333–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruz Soto, R, Muhammed, Samirah A, Newbold, CJ, Stewart, CS & Wallace, J (1994) Influence of peptides, amino acids and urea on microbial activity in the rumen of sheep receiving grass hay and on the growth of rumen bacteria in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49, 151–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, JW (1986) An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Czerkawski, JW & Breckenridge, G (1977) Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 38, 371–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Czerkawski, JW & Breckenridge, G (1979) Experiments with the long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec); response to supplementation of basal rations. British Journal of Nutrition 42, 217–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Czerkawski, JW & Breckenridge, G (1982) Distribution and changes in urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 47, 331–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firkins, JL, Berger, LL, Merchen, NR, Fahey, GC Jr & Mulvaney, RL (1992) Ruminal nitrogen metabolism in steers as affected by feed intake and dietary urea concentration. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 2302–2314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujimaki, T, Kobayashi, M, Wakita, M & Hoshino, S (1989) Influence of amino acid supplement on cellulolysis and microbial yield in sheep rumen. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 62, 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goering, MK & Van Soest, PJ (1970) Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications). Agricultural Handbook, no. 379. Washington, DC: Agricultural Research Services, USDA.Google Scholar
Griswold, KE, Hoover, WH, Miller, TK & Thayne, WV (1996) Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science 74, 483–491.Google Scholar
Hume, ID (1970) Synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen. II. A response to higher volatile fatty acids. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kernick, BL (1991) The effect of form of nitrogen on the efficiency of protein synthesis by rumen bacteria in continuous culturePhD Thesis, University of Natal.Google Scholar
Komisarczuk, S, Durand, M Beaumatin Ph & Hannequart, G (1987) Utilisation de l'azote 15 pour la mesure de la protéosynthèse microbienne dans les phases solide et liquide d'un fermenteur semi-continu (Rusitec) (The use of nitrogen-15 for determination of microbial synthesis in the solid and liquid phases of a semi-continuous fermenter (Rusitec)). Reproduction, Nutrition et Développement 27, 261–262.Google Scholar
McAllan, AB (1991) Carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in the forestomachs of steers given untreated or ammonia treated barley straw diets supplemented with urea or urea plus fishmeal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 33, 195–208.Google Scholar
McDougall, EI (1948) Studies on ruminant saliva. I. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochemical Journal 43, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martín-Orúe, SM, Balcells, J, Zakraoui, F & Castrillo, C (1998) Quantification and chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from solid fractions of rumen digesta: effect of detachment procedure. Animal Feed Science and Technology 71, 269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merry, RJ & McAllan, AB (1983) A comparison of the chemical compositions of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 701–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merry, RJ, McAllan, AB & Smith, RH (1990) In vitro continuous culture studies on the effect of nitrogen source on rumen microbial growth and fibre digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 31, 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minato, H & Suto, T (1978) Technique for fractionation of bacteria in rumen microbial ecosystem. II. Attachment of bacteria isolated from bovine rumen to cellulose powder in vitro and elution of bacteria attached therefrom. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 24, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molina-Alcaide, E, Weisbjerg, MR & Hvelplund, T (1996) Degradation characteristics of shrubs and the effect of supplementation with urea or protein on microbial production using a continuous-culture system. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 75, 121–132.Google Scholar
Nolan, JV & Leng, RA (1972) Dynamic aspects of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 27, 177–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pérez, JF, Rodriguez, CA, Gonzalez, J, Balcells, J & Guada, JA (1996) Contribution of dietary purine bases to duodenal digesta in sheep. In situ studies of purine degradability corrected for microbial contamination. Animal Feed Science and Technology 62, 251–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, JB, O'Connor, JD, Fox, DG, Van Soest, PJ & Sniffen, CJ (1992) A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. Journal of Animal Science 70, 3551–3561.Google Scholar
Russell, JB, Sniffen, CJ & Van Soest, PJ (1983) Effect of carbohydrate limitation on degradation and utilisation of casein by mixed rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 66, 763–775.Google Scholar
Wheatherburn, MW (1967) Phenol–hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry 39, 971–974.Google Scholar