Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T08:23:04.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of site of starch digestion on portal nutrient net fluxes in steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Pierre Nozière ,
Didier Rémond ,
Sophie Lemosquet ,
Béatrice Chauveau ,
Denys Durand  and
Claude Poncet
Pierre Nozière*
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
Didier Rémond
Affiliation:
Unité Nutrition et Métabolisme Protéique, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
Sophie Lemosquet
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche Production du Lait, INRA, 35590 St Gilles, France
Béatrice Chauveau
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
Denys Durand
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
Claude Poncet
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Pierre Nozière, fax 33 4 76 62 42 73, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Processing of maize grain is known to modulate the site of starch digestion, thus the nature and amount of nutrients delivered for absorption. We assessed the effect of site of starch digestion on nutrient net fluxes across portal-drained viscera (PDV). Three steers, fitted with permanent digestive cannulas and blood catheters, successively received two diets containing 35 % starch as dent maize grain. Diets differed according to maize presentation: dry and cracked (by-pass, BP) v. wet and ground (control, C). Ruminal physicochemical parameters were not significantly affected. Between C and BP, the decrease in ruminal starch digestion was compensated by an increase in starch digestion in the small intestine. The amount of glucose and soluble α-glucoside reaching the ileum was not affected. The amount of glucose disappearing in the small intestine increased from 238 to 531 g/d between C and BP, but portal net flux of glucose remained unchanged (−97 g/d). The portal O2 consumption and net energy release were not significantly affected, averaging 16 % and 57 % of metabolizable energy intake, respectively. The whole-body glucose appearance rate, measured by jugular infusion of [6, 6-2H2]glucose, averaged 916 g/d. The present study shows that the increase in the amount of glucose disappearing in the small intestine of conventionally fed cattle at a moderate intake level induces no change in portal net flux of glucose, reflecting an increase in glucose utilization by PDV. That could contribute to the low response of whole-body glucose appearance rate observed at this moderate level of intestinal glucose supply.

Keywords

CattleDigestionAbsorptionStarchGlucosePortal-drained viscera
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 2 , August 2005 , pp. 182 - 191
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed., p. 684, Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Axe, DE, Bolsen, KH, Harmon, DL, Lee, RW, Milliken, GA & Avery, TB (1987) Effect of wheat and high-moisture sorghum grain fed singly or in combination on ruminal fermentation, solid and liquid flow, site and extent of digestion and feeding performance of cattle. J Anim Sci 64, 897–906.Google Scholar
Balcells, J, Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1995) Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on metabolism of the portal-drained viscera in sheep fed a cereal/straw-based diet. J Anim Sci 73, 2146–2155.Google Scholar
Besle, JM, Lassalas, B & Thivend, P (1981) Digestion des glucides cytoplasmiques de la fèveverole par le veau préruminant. Reprod Nutr Dev 21, 629–649.Google Scholar
Boss, DL & Bowman, JPG (1996) Barley varieties for finishing steers: II. Ruminal characteristics and rate, site, and extent of digestion. J Anim Sci 74, 1973–1981.Google Scholar
Chalmers, MI, Jaffray, AE & White, F (1971) Movements of ammonia following intraruminal administration of urea or casein. Proc Nutr Soc 30, 7–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, NA, Johnson, RR & Owens, FN (1976) Influence of roughage level and corn processing method on site and extent of digestion by beef steers. J Anim Sci 43, 490–496.Google Scholar
Doreau, M, Grimaud, P & Michalet-Doreau, B (2000) La sous-alimentation chez les ruminants: ses effets sur la digestion. INRA Prod Anim 13, 247–255.Google Scholar
Eisemann, JH, Huntington, GB & Catherman, DR (1996) Patterns of nutrient interchange and oxygen use among portal-drained viscera, liver, and hindquarters of beef steers from 235 to 525 kg body weight. J Anim Sci 74, 1812–1831.Google Scholar
Faisant, N, Planchot, V, Kozlowski, F, Pacouret, MP, Colonna, P & Champ, M (1995) Resistant starch determination adapted to products containing high levels of resistant starch. Sci Aliments 15, 83–89.Google Scholar
Ferraris, RP, Lee, PP & Diamond, JM (1989) Origin of regional and species differences in intestinal glucose uptake. Am J Physiol 257, G689–G697.Google Scholar
Galyean, ML & Owens, FN (1991) Effects of diet composition and level of feed intake on site and extent of digestion in ruminants Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, Sendai, Japan, pp. 483–514 [Tsuda, T, Sasaki, Y and Kawashima, R, editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Galyean, ML, Wagner, DG & Owens, FN (1979) Corn particle size and site and extent of digestion by steers. J Anim Sci 49, 204–210.Google Scholar
Han, XT, Nozière, P, Rémond, D, Chabrot, J & Doreau, M (2002) Effects of nutrient supply and dietary bulk on O 2 uptake and nutrient net fluxes across rumen, mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in ewes. J Anim Sci 80, 1362–1375.Google Scholar
Han, XT, Xue, B, Hu, LH & Du, JZ (2001) Effect of dietary protein degradability on net fluxes of free and peptide amino acids across the portal-drained viscera of steers. J Agric Sci (Camb) 137, 471–481.Google Scholar
Harmon, DL, Richards, CJ, Swanson, KC, Howell, JA, Matthews, JC, True, AD, Huntington, GB, Gahr, SA & Russell, RW (2000) Influence of ruminal or post ruminal starch on visceral metabolism in steers. In Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Energy Metabolism in Animals. EAAP Publication no. 103, pp. 273–276 [Chwalibog, A and Jakobsen, K, editors]. Snekkersten, Denmark: EAAP.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB (1984) Relationship of portal blood flow to metabolizable energy intake of cattle. Can J Anim Sci 64, Suppl.16–17.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB (1997) Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk. J Anim Sci 75, 852–867.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB (1999) Nutrient metabolism by gastrointestinal tissues of herbivores. In Nutritional Ecology of Herbivores, pp. 312–336 [Jung, HJG and Fahey, GC, editors]. Savoy, IL: ASAS.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB & Reynolds, PJ (1986) Net absorption of glucose, l-lactate, volatile fatty acids, and nitrogenous compounds by bovine given abomasal infusions of starch or glucose. J Dairy Sci 69, 2428–2436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB, Varga, GA, Glenn, BP & Waldo, DR (1988) Net absorption and oxygen consumption by Holstein steers fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes. J Anim Sci 66, 1292–1302.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB, Zetina, EJ, Whitt, JM & Potts, W (1996) Effects of dietary concentrate level on nutrient absorption, liver metabolism, and urea kinetics of beef steers fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. J Anim Sci 74, 908–916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
INRA (1989) Ruminant Nutrition Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables [Jarrige, R, editor]. Paris: INRA/John Libbey Eurotext.Google Scholar
Janes, AN, Weekes, TEC & Armstrong, DG (1985) Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets. Br J Nutr 54, 449–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaar, WE, Cool, LG, Merriman, MM & Brink, DL (1991) The complete analysis of wood polysaccharides using HPLC. J Wood Chem Technol 11, 447–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, ML & Bergman, EN (1969) Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal blood flow in the sheep and dog. Am J Physiol 216, 946–952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowlton, KF, Glenn, BP & Erdman, RA (1998) Performance, ruminal fermentation, and site of starch digestion in early lactation cows fed corn grain harvested and processed differently. J Dairy Sci 81, 1972–1984.Google Scholar
Krehbiel, CR, Britton, RA, Harmon, DL, Peters, JP, Stock, RA & Grotjan, HE (1996) Effects of varying levels of duodenal or midjejunal glucose and 2-deoxyglucose infusion on small intestinal disappearance and net portal glucose absorption in steers. J Anim Sci 74, 693–700.Google Scholar
Krehbiel, CR, Harmon, DL & Schnieder, JE (1992) Effect of increasing ruminal butyrate on portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. J Anim Sci 70, 904–914.Google Scholar
Kreikemeier, KK & Harmon, DL (1995) Abomasal glucose, maize starch and maize dextrin infusions in cattle: small intestinal disappearance, net portal glucose flux and ileal oligosaccharide flow. Br J Nutr 73, 763–772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreikemeier, KK, Harmon, DL, Brandt, RT Jr, Avery, TB & Johnson, DE (1991) Small intestinal starch digestion in steers: effect of various levels of abomasal glucose, corn starch and corn dextrin infusion on small intestinal disappearance and net glucose absorption. J Anim Sci 69, 328–338.Google Scholar
Kristensen, ES, Moller, PD & Hvelplund, T (1982) Estimation of the effective protein degradability in the rumen of cows using the nylon bag technique combined with the outflow rate. Acta Agric Scand 32, 123–127.Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Pierzynowski, SG & Danfaer, A (2000) Portal-drained visceral metabolism of 3-hydroxybutyrate in sheep. J Anim Sci 78, 2223–2228.Google Scholar
Kung, L Jr, Tung, RS & Carmean, BR (1992) Rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in cattle fed diets varying in forage and energy source. Anim Feed Sci Technol 39, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lassalas, B, Jouany, JP & Broudiscou, L (1993) Dosage des bases puriques et pyrimidiques par chromatographie liquide haute perforlance. Ann Zootech 42, 170–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, RW, Galyean, ML & Lofgreen, GP (1982) Effects of mixing whole shelled and steam flaked corn in finishing diets on feedlot performance and site and extent of digestion in beef steers. J Anim Sci 55, 475–483.Google Scholar
Lemosquet, S, Rigout, S, Bach, A, Rulquin, H & Blum, JW (2004a) Glucose metabolism in lactating cows in response to iso energetic infusions of propionic acid or duodenal glucose. J Dairy Sci 87, 1767–1777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemosquet, S, Thibault, JN, Thomas, A, Debras, E & Hurtaud, C (2004b) Validation of the measurement of glucose appearance rate with [6, 6- 2 H 2 ]glucose in lactating dairy cows. Reprod Nutr Dev 44, 17–27.Google Scholar
Lykos, T & Varga, GA (1995) Effects of processing method on degradation characteristics of protein and carbohydrate sources in situ. J Dairy Sci 78, 1789–1801.Google Scholar
McAllister, TAPhilippe, RC, Rode, LM & Cheng, KJ (1993) Effect of the protein matrix on the digestion of cereal grains by ruminal microorganisms. J Anim Sci 71, 205–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mertens, DR (1993) Kinetics of cell wall digestion and passage in ruminants Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility, pp. 535–570 [Jung, HG, Buxton, DR, Hatfield, RD and Ralph, J, editors]. Madison, WI: ASA, CSSA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Michalet-Doreau, B & Doreau, M (1999) A review: maize genotype and ruminant nutrition. Sci Aliments 19, 349–365.Google Scholar
Nocek, JE & Tamminga, S (1991) Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk and composition. J Dairy Sci 74, 3598–3629.Google Scholar
Nozière, P & Hoch, T (2005) Modelling fluxes of volatile fatty acids from rumen to portal blood. In Nutrient Digestion and Utilisation in Farm Animals: Modeling Approaches [Kebreab, E, Dikstra, J, Bannink, A, Gerints, WJJ and France, J, editors]. Wallingford: CAB International (In the Press).Google Scholar
Nozière, P, Martin, CRémond, DKristensen, NB, Bernard, R & Doreau, M (2000) Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes. Br J Nutr 83, 521–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nozière, P & Michalet-Doreau, B (1997) Effects of amount and availability of starch on amylolytic activity of ruminal solid-associated microorganisms. J Sci Food Agric 73, 471–476.Google Scholar
Nozière, P, Michalet-Doreau, B, Rémond, D, Fernandez, I, Philippeau, C & Poncet, C (2003) Relationship between in sacco degradation and ruminal digestion of starch. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 3, 307–311.Google Scholar
Offner, A & Sauvant, D (2004) Prediction of in vivo starch digestion in cattle from in situ data. Anim Feed Sci Technol 111, 41–56.Google Scholar
Owens, FN, Zinn, RA & Kim, YK (1986) Limits to starch digestion in the ruminant small intestine. J Anim Sci 63, 1634–1648.Google Scholar
Philippeau, C, Le Deschault de Monredon, F & Michalet-Doreau, B (1999a) Relationship between ruminal starch degradation and the physical characteristics of corn grain. J Anim Sci 77, 238–243.Google Scholar
Philippeau, C, Martin, C & Michalet-Doreau, B (1999b) Influence of grain source on ruminal characteristics and rate, site, and extent of digestion in beef steers. J Anim Sci 77, 1587–1596.Google Scholar
Piccioli Cappelli, F, Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1997) Glucose and [13 C]leucine metabolism by the portal-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried grass with acute intravenous and intraduodenal infusions of glucose. Br J Nutr 78, 931–946.Google Scholar
Poncet, C, Michalet-Doreau, B, McAllister, T & Rémond, D (1995) Dietary compounds escaping rumen digestion. In Recent Developments in the Nutrition of Herbivores. Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on Nutrition of Herbivores, pp. 167–204 [Journet, M, Grenet, E, Farce, MH, Thériez, M and Demarquilly, C, editors]. Paris: INRA Editions.Google Scholar
Rémond, D, Bernard, L, Chauveau, B, Nozière, P & Poncet, C (2003) Digestion and nutrient net fluxes across the rumen, and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in sheep fed with fresh forage twice daily: net balance and dynamic aspects. Br J Nutr 89, 649–666.Google Scholar
Rémond, D, Cabrera, JI, Champion, M, Chauveau, B, Coudure, R & Poncet, C (2004) Effect of corn particle size on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 87, 1389–1399.Google Scholar
Rémond, D, Ortigues, I & Jouany, JP (1995) Energy substrates for the rumen epithelium. Proc Nutr Soc 54, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK & Huntington, GB (1988) Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post-stomach tissues. Br J Nutr 60, 539–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Tyrell, HF & Reynolds, PJ (1991) Effects of diet forage-to-concentrate ratio and intake on energy metabolism in growing beef heifers: net nutrient metabolism by visceral tissues. J Nutr 121, 1004–1015.Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK, Tyrell, HF & Armentano, LE (1992) Effects on mesenteric vein n -butyrate infusion on liver metabolism by beef steers. J Anim Sci 70, 2250–2261.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1994) Effect of intraruminal propionic acid infusion on metabolism of mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers fed a forage diet: I. Volatile fatty acids, glucose, and lactate. J Anim Sci 72, 1325–1334.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1996) Effect of intraruminal propionic acid infusion on metabolism of mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers fed a forage diet: II. Ammonia, urea, amino acids, and peptides. J Anim Sci 74, 245–256.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ, Parker, DS & Avery, PJ (1992) The effect of forage and forage-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation and metabolism of nutrients by the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers. Br J Nutr 67, 355–370.Google Scholar
Sharp, WM, Johnson, RR, Owens, FN & Ruminal, VF (1982) A production with steers fed whole or ground corn grain. J Anim Sci 55, 1505–1514.Google Scholar
Siciliano-Jones, J & Murphy, MR (1989) Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and cecum-colon of steers as affected by forage-concentrate and forage physical form. J Dairy Sci 72, 485–492.Google Scholar
Siddons, RC, Paradine, J, Beever, DE & Cornell, PR (1985) Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. Br J Nutr 54, 509–519.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems (1996) SAS/STAT ® User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Stock, RA, Brink, DR, Britton, RA, Goedeken, FK, Sindt, MH, Kreikemeier, KK, Bauer, ML & Smith, KK (1987) Feeding combinations of high moisture corn and dry-rolled sorghum in finishing steers. J Anim Sci 65, 290–302.Google Scholar
Swanson, CK, Richards, CJ & Harmon, DL (2002) Influence of abomasal infusion of glucose or partially hydrolysed starch on pancreatic exocrine secretion in beef steers. J Anim Sci 80, 1112–1116.Google Scholar
Taniguchi, K, Huntington, GB & Glenn, BP (1995) Net nutrient flux by visceral tissues of beef steers given abomasal and ruminal infusion of casein and starch. J Anim Sci 73, 236–249.Google Scholar
Tucker, VA (1967) Method for oxygen content and dissociation curves on microliter blood samples. J Appl Physiol 23, 410–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ & Robertson, JB (1980) Systems of analysis for evaluating fibrous feeds. In Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds, pp. 49–60 [Pigden, WJ, Balch, CC and Graham, M, editors]. Ottawa: International Development and Research Center.Google Scholar
Waldo, DR, Smith, LW, Cox, EL & Lucas, HL (1971) Logarithmic normal distribution for description of sieved forage materials. J Dairy Sci 54, 1465–1469.Google Scholar
Walker, JA & Harmon, DL (1995) Influence of rumial or abomasal starch hydrolysate infusion on pancreatic exocrine secretion and blood glucose and insulin concentration in steers. J Anim Sci 73, 3766–3774.Google Scholar
Yang, WZ & Poncet, C (1993) Measurements of microbial nitrogen flow in the duodenum in sheep. Ann Zootech 42, 167.Google Scholar