Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T01:03:00.086Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dietary supplementation with carotenoids: effects on α-tocopherol levels and susceptibility of tissues to oxidative stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Alan A. Woodall ,
George Britton  and
Malcolm J. Jackson
Alan A. Woodall
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, LiverpoolL69 3BX Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, LiverpoolL69 3BX
George Britton
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, LiverpoolL69 3BX
Malcolm J. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, LiverpoolL69 3BX
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The ability of dietary supplementation with carotenoids to protect chick tissues against oxidative stress in vitro was examined. Male Leghorn chicks were fed on diets supplemented (100 mg supplement/kg diet) with either β-carotene, zeaxanthin (β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol), canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) or α-tocopherol, or on a control diet, from 1 d old until 37 d of age. Tissues (liver, heart, skeletal muscle and plasma) were removed and assayed for total carotenoids and α-tocopherol content and portions subjected to oxidative stress by incubation of homogenates with cumene hydroperoxide and FeSO4. Animals receiving zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin had significantly greater carotenoid concentrations in liver, heart, muscle and plasma compared with untreated controls (P < 0·05); animals fed on diets supplemented with β-carotene or α-tocopherol did not have significantly different tissue carotenoid contents compared with untreated controls. α-Tocopherol supplementation elevated α-tocopherol levels in all tissues examined (P < 0·05). Supplementation with caroteuoids did not affect tissue α-tocopherol levels, but β-carotene lowered plasma α-tocopherol levels by 50% (P < 0·05). Incubation of plasma or tissue homogenates with oxidant stressors induced lipid peroxidation (production of thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances) in all tissues. Animals given α-tocopherol, β-carotene or zeaxanthin had a reduced susceptibility to oxidant stress in liver compared with unsupplemented controls (P < 0·05), and α-tocopherol-supplemented animals had reduced susceptibility in skeletal muscle compared with unsupplemented controls (P < 0·05). Canthaxanthin supplementation did not influence the susceptibility to oxidant stress in any tissue examined. These results suggest that zeaxanthin, a carotenoid present in animal and human diets, may have significant activity as an antioxidant against oxidative stress in tissues.

Keywords

CarotenoidsFree radicalsAntioxidantsVitamin E
Type
General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , August 1996 , pp. 307 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

REFERENCES

Allard, J. P., Royall, D., Kurian, R., Muggli, R. & Jeejeebhoy, K. N. (1994). Effects of β-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 884–890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K. & Hagen, T. M. (1993). Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90, 7915–7922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, H. R. & Andersen, O. (1993). Effects of dietary alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on lipid peroxidation by methyl mercuric chloride in mice. Pharmacology and Toxicology 73, 192–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boudredault, G., Cortin, P., Corrieveau, L. A., Rousseau, A. P., Tardif, Y. & Malefant, M. (1983). The retinopathy of canthaxanthine. 1. Clinical study of 51 users. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 18, 325–328.Google Scholar
Britton, G. (1985). General carotenoid methods. Methods in Enzymology 111, 113–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Aquino, M., Dunster, C. & Willson, R. L. (1989). Vitamin A and glutathione-mediated free radical damage: competing reactions with polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin C. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 161, 1199–1203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Mascio, P., Kaiser, S. & Sies, H. (1989). Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 274, 532–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franke, A. A., Harwood, P. J., Shimamoto, T., Lumeng, S., Zhang, L. X., Bertram, J. S., Wilkens, L. R., Lemarchand, L. & Cooney, R. V. (1994). Effects of micronutrients and antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in human plasma and cell culture. Cancer Letters 79, 17–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gey, K. F. (1993). Prospects for the prevention of free radical disease, regarding cancer and cardiovascular disease. British Medical Bulletin 49, 679–699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottleib, K., Zarling, E. J., Mobarhan, S., Bowen, P. & Sugerman, S. (1993). Beta carotene decreases markers of lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Nutrition and Cancer 19, 207–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1986). Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction can be released from haemoglobin by peroxides. FEBS Letters 201, 291–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haung, L. & Haug, A. (1974). Regulation of membrane fluidity in Acholeplasma laidawiae; effect of carotenoid pigment content. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 352, 361–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Aho, K., Aaran, R. K., Alfthan, G. & Aroma, A. (1994). Serum antioxidants and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of Rheumatoid Diseases 53, 51–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, M. J., Jones, D. A. & Edwards, R. H. T. (1983). Lipid peroxidation of skeletal muscle: an in vitro study. Bioscience Reports 3, 609–619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunert, K. J. & Tappel, A. L. (1983). The effect of vitamin C on in vivo lipid peroxidationin guinea pigs as measured by pentane and ethane production. Lipids 18, 271–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, B. P., Nagao, A., Terao, J., Tanaka, K., Suzuki, T. & Takama, K. (1992). Antioxidant activity of xanthophylls on peroxyl radical-mediated phospholipid peroxidation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1126, 178–184.Google ScholarPubMed
Marusich, W. L. & Bauernfiend, J. C. (1981). Oxycarotenoids in poultry feed. In Carotenoidsas Colorants and Mayne, pp. 320–441 [Bauernfiend, J., editor] New York: Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Mayne, S. T. & Parker, R. S. (1986). Subcellular distribution of β-carotene in chick liver. Lipids 21, 164–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayne, S. T. & Parker, R. S. (1989). Antioxidant activity of dietary canthaxanthin. Nutrition and Cancer 12, 225–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miki, W. (1991). Biological functions and actions of animal carotenoids. Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, 141–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mobarhan, S., Bowen, P., Anderson, B., Evans, M., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Sugerman, S., Simms, P., Lucchesi, D. & Friedman, H. (1990). Effects of β-carotene repletion on β-carotene absorption, lipid peroxidation and neutrophil superoxide formation in young men. Nutrition and Cancer 14, 195–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Farrell, S. (1994). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidative damage to heart, skeletal muscle and skin. PhD Thesis, Liverpool University.Google Scholar
Olson, J. A. (1994). Absorption, transport and metabolism of carotenoids in humans. Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, 1101–1106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palozza, P. & Krinsky, N. I. (1992). Antioxidant effects of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro: an overview. Methods in Enzymology 213, 403–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phoenix, J., Edwards, R. H. T. & Jackson, M. J. (1990). Effects of calcium ionophore on vitamin E deficient muscle. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 245–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quackenbush, F. W., Kvakovsky, S., Hoover, T. & Rogler, J. C. (1965). Deposition of individual carotenoids in avian skin. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists 48, 1241–1244.Google Scholar
Sinclair, A. J., Barnett, A. H. & Lunec, J. (1990). Free radicals and antioxidant systems in health and disease. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 43, 334–344.Google ScholarPubMed
Terao, J. (1989). Antioxidant activity of β-carotene related carotenoids in organic solution. Lipids 24, 659–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tesoriere, L., Ciaccio, M., Bongiorno, A., Riccio, A., Pintaudi, A. M. & Livrea, M. A. (1993). Antioxidant activity of all-trans-retinol in homogenous solution and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 301, 217–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodall, A. A., Britton, G. & Jackson, M. J. (1995). The antioxidant activity of carotenoids in phosphatidylcholine vesicles: chemical and structural considerations. Biochemical Society Transactions 23, 133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, M. J., Plezia, P. M., Alberts, D. S., Emerson, S. S., Peng, Y. M., Sayers, S. M., Liu, Y., Rittenbaugh, C. & Gender, H. L. (1992). Reduction in plasma or skin alpha-tocopherol concentrations with long-term oral administration of beta-carotene in humans and mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 84, 1559–1565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed