Article contents
Oswald Avery and the Origin of Molecular Biology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2009
Extract
It is now twenty years since James Watson published his personal account of the discovery of the structure of DNA and triggered the growing scholarly study of the roots of molecular biology. Watson himself was not concerned with the study of nucleic acids before he became directly involved but at least three detailed histories of the early development of molecular biology have subsequently appeared, together with books, papers and reviews from others who took part, or their partisan representatives. Of these three histories, only one does justice to Avery's work. His surviving DNA collaborator, MacLyn McCarty, believes that only Olby in The Path to the Double Helix deals adequately with Avery's contribution.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- The British Journal for the History of Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 1988 , pp. 393 - 400
- Copyright
- Copyright © British Society for the History of Science 1988
References
1 Watson, J.D., The Double Helix, London, 1968.Google Scholar
2 Olby, R., The Path to the Double Helix, London, 1974Google Scholar; Portugal, F.H. and Cohen, J.S., A Century of DNA, Cambridge, Mass., 1977Google Scholar; Judson, H.F., The Eighth Day of Creation, London, 1979.Google Scholar
3 McCarty, M., The Transforming Principle. Discovering that Genes are Made of DNA, New York, 1986, pp. 230–232.Google Scholar
4 Avery, O.T., McLeod, C.M. and McCarty, M., ‘Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus Type III’, Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944) 79, pp. 137–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5 Watson, J.D. and Crick, F.H.C., ‘A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid’, Nature (1953) 171, p. 737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6 Stent, G.S., ‘Prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery’, Scientific American (1972) 227, p. 84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Wyatt, H.V., ‘When does information become knowledge’, Nature (1972) 235, pp. 86–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7 Coburn, A.F., ‘Oswald Theodore Avery and DNA’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine (1969) 12, pp. 623–30CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Diamond, A.M., ‘Avery's “neurotic reluctance”’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine (1982) 26, pp. 132–136CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; McCarty, , op. cit. 213–230Google Scholar; Olby, R., ‘Avery in retrospect’, Nature (1972) 239, p. 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8 ‘I don't know who, in 1940, could possibly have foreseen that microbiology would furnish the links connecting biochemistry ever after with genetics’, Hotchkiss, R.D., ‘Gene, transforming principle and DNA’, In: Cairns, J., Stent, G. and Watson, J. D. (eds), Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory of Quantitative Biology, 1966, p. 182.Google Scholar
9 Russell, N.C., ‘Breakthrough for the bloody-minded. A scientist's personality can be the key to his work’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 25 09 1987, p. 11.Google Scholar
10 Dubos, R.J., The Professor, the Institute and DNA, New York, 1976, pp. 47–48.Google Scholar
11 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp., 101–112, 161–179Google Scholar; Olby, , Double Helix, 181–193.Google Scholar
12 Griffith, F., ‘The significance of Pneumococcal types’, Journal of Hygiene (1928) 27, pp. 113–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 132–138Google Scholar; Hotchkiss, , 1966, op. cit. (8)Google Scholar; Stent, G.S. and Callendar, R., Molecular Genetics. An Introductory Narrative, San Francisco, 1978, pp. 152–159.Google Scholar
14 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 132–138Google Scholar; McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 72–88Google Scholar; Olby, , Double Helix, 169–179.Google Scholar
15 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 132–138Google Scholar; McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 72–88Google Scholar; Olby, , Double Helix, 173–179.Google Scholar
16 Olby, , Double Helix, 169–179.Google Scholar
17 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 80–85Google Scholar; Olby, , op. cit. (2), pp. 176–179Google Scholar; Goebel, W.F., ‘The golden era of immunology at the Rockefeller Institute’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 18, pp. 417–426.Google Scholar
18 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 108–110, 116–119Google Scholar; Hotchkiss, R.D., ‘Oswald T. Avery 1877–1955’; Genetics (1965) 51, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
19 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 80–85Google Scholar; MacLeod, C., ‘Oswald Theodore Avery 1877–1955’, Journal of General Microbiology (1957) 17, pp. 539–549CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hotchkiss, , ‘Avery’.Google Scholar
20 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 113–123.Google Scholar
21 McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 89–100.Google Scholar
22 McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 86–88Google Scholar; Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 65–68.Google Scholar
23 McLeod, , 1957, op. cit. (19), pp. 539–549.Google Scholar
24 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 97–99.Google Scholar
25 McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 101–116.Google Scholar
26 McCarty, , op. cit. (3), pp. 134–135.Google Scholar
27 Hotchkiss, , 1966, op. cit. (8), pp. 183–184.Google Scholar
28 Hotchkiss, , 1965, (18), pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
29 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 69–85.Google Scholar
30 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 87–90.Google Scholar
31 MacLeod, , 1957, op. cit. (19), pp. 539–549Google Scholar; Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 173–176.Google Scholar
32 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 35–68.Google Scholar
33 Dubos, , op. cit. (10), pp. 5–12.Google Scholar
34 Russell, N.C., ‘Towards a history of biology in the twentieth century. Directed autobiographies as historical sources’, British Journal for the History of Science (1988) 21, pp. 77–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
- 7
- Cited by