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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 September 2015
It is a convention—now hardened to cliché—of Victorian historiography that Henry Edward Manning and John Henry Newman lived parallel lives: both virtual contemporaries, both sons of bankrupt fathers, both Oxford Anglicans with promise of greatness, both converts to Rome, both ascetics, both Cardinals. Equally conventional are the differences: Newman’s subtlety, Manning’s stoutness, Newman’s ‘Englishness’, Manning’s Romanita, Newman the outsider, Manning an Establishment figure from the start. These conceits are serviceable, but a more useful linkage is this: Manning and Newman lived not parallel lives, but paradoxical ones, the paradox being that each, in a sense, lived the other man’s life. Consider how each developed in unimagined ways. Newman was one of the most private men of his day. To a temperament already solitary was added the isolation of conversion, then the loneliness of failure, finally the realisation that he represented only a minority in a flamboyantly Ultramontane church. Yet Newman was never left alone with his solitude. His inner life became public property: his soul-struggle debated in the popular prints, his spiritual journey subject of tract and pamphlet and letter to the editor. People thought they knew him better than he knew himself, and, were they a Henry Kingsley or a Robert Wilberforce or an Orestes Brownson, lost little time in telling him. The boundaries of a decent interiority were crossed again and again, until he became icon, symbol, Everyman’s Newman.
1 Quoted Shane, Leslie: ‘The Real Cardinal Manning’ in The Dublin Review Vol 166, March 1920, pp. 2–3.Google Scholar
2 Lewis May, J.: Cardinal Newman (Maryland, 1951), p. 220.Google Scholar
3 Brian, Martin: John Henry Newman: His Life and Work (London, 1982), p. 130.Google Scholar
4 James, O’Rourke: ‘Manning and Newman’ in The Irish Ecclesiastical Record Vol. 52, 1938, pp. 459–60.Google Scholar
5 May, op. cit., p. 119.
6 Newman—T. F. Wethereil, 10/2/65, in Dessain, C. T. (ed.): Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman XXI, p. 413.Google Scholar
7 Newman—Emily Bowles, 15/5/65, in Dessain, op. cit., XXI, p. 466.
8 Newman—Miss Charlotte Wood, 23/12/66, in Dessain, op. cit., XXII, p. 329.
9 Newman—Miss M. R. Giberne, 11/2/68, in Dessain, op. cit., XXIV.
10 Quoted Cuthbert, Butler: The Life and Times of Bishop Ullathorne 1806–1889, (New York, 1926) Vol. II, p. 135.Google Scholar
11 Quoted Taylor, I. A.: The Cardinal Democrat (London, 1908), p. 6.Google Scholar
12 Ibidem., p. 7.
13 Ibidem, p. 54.
14 Quoted Purcell, E. S.: The Life of Cardinal Manning Vol. I, (London, 1895), p. 98.Google Scholar
15 Manning—Disraeli, 13/4/67, Hughenden Papers, B/XXI/M/160.
16 Manning—Disraeli, 5/4/67, Hughenden Papers, B/XXI/M/161.
17 Manning—Disraeli, 21/5/67, Hughendon Papers, B/XXI/M/163.
18 See McClelland, V. A.: Cardinal Manning: His Public Life and Influence 1865–92 (London, 1962), p. 171.Google Scholar
19 Manning—Gladstone, 19/5/68, BL, Add. Ms. 44249 f. 56.
20 Manning—Gladstone, 10/4/69, BL, Add. Ms. 44249 f. 74.
21 Manning—Gladstone, 2/6/69, BL, Add. Ms. 44249 f. 76.
22 Manning—Gladstone, 13/7/69, BL, Add Ms. 44249 f. 84.
23 Manning—Gladstone, 13/7/69, BL, Add. Ms. 44249 f. 84.
24 Newman—Fred G. Lee, 5/5/72, in Dessain, op. cit., XXVI, p. 55.
25 Manning—Gladstone, 7/4/70, BL Add. Ms. 44249 f. 150.
26 Gladstone—Clarendon 5/3/70 Ms. Clar. с. 498 f. 276.
27 Cf. V. A. McClelland, op. cit., pp. 61–86.
28 Ibidem, p. 72.
29 Russell—Clarendon, 16/12/68, Ms. Clar. c. 487, f. 5.
30 Russell—Clarendon, 27/1/69, Ms. Clar. c. 487 f. 18.
31 Russell—Clarendon, 10/2/69, Ms. Clar. c. 487, f. 24.
32 Clarendon—Russell, 17/5/69, Ms. Clar. c. 475, f. 239.
33 See McClelland, op. cit., p. 175.
34 Queen Victoria—Disraeli, 4/4/75, Hughenden Papers, 13/XIX/B/245.
35 See Shannon, R. T.: Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation, (London, 1963)Google Scholar.
36 Denbigh—Ripon, 29/12/76, Ripon Papers, Add. Ms. 43626 f. 3.
37 For which, cf. Rossi, J. P., ‘Catholic Opinion on the Eastern Question, 1876–1878’ in Church History Vol. 51, (1982), pp. 54–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38 Ibidem, pp. 55–6.
39 Gladstone—Ambrose de Lisle, 3/9.76, quoted Purcell, E. S.: The Life of Ambrose Phillipps de Lislell, (London, 1900), p. 155.Google Scholar
40 Manning—Ambrose de Lisle 8/9.76, quoted Ibidem, p. 156.
41 J. P. Rossi, op. cit., p. 55.
42 Ibidem.
43 Ibidem, p. 27. 1886 was the year Henry Matthews, a Catholic, joined Lord Salisbury’s cabinet as Home Secretary.
44 Quoted R. T. Shannon, op. cit., p. 191.
45 Manning—Disraeli, 30/12/79, Hughenden Papers B/XXI/M/185.
46 Manning—Disraeli, 7/4/79, Hughenden Papers B/XXI/14/175.
47 Manning—Disraeli, 29/1/79, Hughenden Papers B/XXI/M/176.
48 Manning—Disraeli, 30/12/79, Hughenden Papers B/XXI/M/185.
49 Memorandum Respecting the Latin Rite in the Island of Cyprus, Manning—Disraeli, 7/7/79, Hugenden Papers, B/XXI/138a.
50 Disraeli—Manning, 31/12/79, quoted E. S. Purcell, op. cit., II p. 525.
51 Ms. Eng. Misc. d. 498 f. g. (Bodleian Library).
52 Cf. V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 180.
53 Cf. V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 188. It may be wondered if he has not overstated the case here when he claims, on the evidence of this assurance, that for Manning the Irish question was paramount over the schools’ question.
54 Ibidem, p. 187.
55 See ‘The Parnell Manifesto of 21 November, 1885, and the Schools Question’ in English Historical Review, January 1947, Vol LXII; V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 187–9.
56 Harcourt Journal, 20/11/85, Ms. Harcourt dep. 373 f. 64.
57 Ibidem.
58 Cf. D. A. Quinn: Patronage and Piety: English Roman Catholics and Politics 1850–1900 Appendix I, ‘Constituency Catholicism’ (forthcoming, Stanford University Press, 1992).
59 Gladstone Papers, BL, Add. Ms. 46107 ff. 28 Sqq.
60 Manning—Gladstone 25/9/87 Add. Ms. 44250 f. 253.
61 Cf. E. S. Purcell, op. cit., Vol. II p. 617; V. A. McClelland, op. cit. p. 185.
62 Quoted Taylor, I. A., The Cardinal Democrat (London, 1908) p. 128.Google Scholar
63 ‘The Irish Question and the Tory Government: An Autobiographical Note, 1890,’ quoted E. S. Purcell, op. cit., Vol II p. 627.
64 Quoted Taylor, op cit., p. 139. Manning oscillated in 1890. On the occasion of his silver jubilee, his ‘present feeling’ was ‘one of the most profound hope.’ On the other hand, his autobiographical note for the same year contained the observation that ‘Ireland is less governable now than it was four years ago.’ (Quoted Purcell, op. cit., Vol II p. 628).
65 Cf V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 190.
66 Cf Longford, E.: A Pilgrimage of Passion: The Life of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (London, 1979) p. 219 Google Scholar; also Lady Anne Blunt diary, BL, Add. Ms 53954.
67 ‘This morning I saw Cardinal Manning… he thought at first that I wanted help for my own candidature and offered to do various things for me. But I managed to explain what I wanted, namely that he should stir up the Irish to vote, and he said he would.’ Sidney Webb to Beatrice Potter, 28/9/91, in MacKenzie, N., ed: Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb (London, 1978) p. 312.Google Scholar
68 Cf. V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 146.
69 Manning—Gladstone, 27/8/90, quoted V. A. McClelland, op. cit., p. 148.
70 Quoted McClelland, op. cit., p. 147.
71 Quoted Philip, Magnus: Gladstone (New York, 1954), p. 172.Google Scholar
72 See note II, above.
73 Cf Johnson, N., (ed.): The Diary of Gathorne Hardy, Lord Cranbrook (London, 1981), 29/6/73, p. 184.Google Scholar
74 Manning—Dilke, 17/5/85, BL, Add. Ms. 43896 f. 83.
75 Quoted, E. S. Purcell, op. cit., Vol I, p. 204.